scholarly journals Essential hypertension is associated with changes in gut microbial metabolic pathways: A multi-site analysis of ambulatory blood pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nakai ◽  
Rosilene V Ribeiro ◽  
Bruce R. Stevens ◽  
Paul Gill ◽  
Rikeish R. Muralitharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Β Diversity

AbstractAimsRecent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in hypertension, but whether ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is associated with gut microbiota and their metabolites remains unclear. Here we characterised the function of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and receptors in untreated human hypertensive participants in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia.Methods and ResultsAmbulatory BP, faecal microbiome DNA 16S rRNA gene sequencing, plasma and faecal metabolites called short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs), and expression of their receptors were analysed in 70 untreated and otherwise healthy participants from metropolitan and regional communities. Based on machine-learning multivariate covariance analyses of de-noised amplicon sequence variant (ASV) prevalence data, we determined that there were no significant differences in gut microbiome community α- and β-diversity metrics between normotensives versus essential, white coat or masked hypertensives. However, select taxa were specific to these groups, notably Acidaminococcus spp. in essential hypertensives, and Ruminococcus spp. and Coprobacillus in normotensive subjects. Importantly, normotensive and essential hypertensive cohorts could be differentiated based on gut microbiome gene pathways and metabolites. Specifically, hypertensive participants exhibited higher plasma acetate and butyrate, but their immune cells expressed reduced levels of SCFA-activated G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43).ConclusionsWhile gut microbial diversity did not change in essential hypertension, there was a significant shift in microbial gene pathways, and an increase in the circulating levels of the SCFAs acetate and butyrate. Hypertensive subjects, however, had lower levels of the SCFA-sensing receptor GPR43, putatively blunting their response to BP-lowering metabolites.

scholarly journals Essential Hypertension Is Associated With Changes in Gut Microbial Metabolic Pathways

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nakai ◽  
Rosilene V. Ribeiro ◽  
Bruce R. Stevens ◽  
Paul Gill ◽  
Rikeish R. Muralitharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Sequence Variant

Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in hypertension, but whether ambulatory blood pressure is associated with gut microbiota and their metabolites remains unclear. We characterized the function of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and receptors in untreated human hypertensive participants in Australian metropolitan and regional areas. Ambulatory blood pressure, fecal microbiome predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequencing, plasma and fecal metabolites called short-chain fatty acid, and expression of their receptors were analyzed in 70 untreated and otherwise healthy participants from metropolitan and regional communities. Most normotensives were female (66%) compared with hypertensives (35%, P <0.01), but there was no difference in age between the groups (59.2±7.7 versus 60.3±6.6 years old). Based on machine learning multivariate covariance analyses of de-noised amplicon sequence variant prevalence data, we determined that there were no significant differences in predicted gut microbiome α- and β-diversity metrics between normotensives versus essential or masked hypertensives. However, select taxa were specific to these groups, notably Acidaminococcus spp ., Eubacterium fissicatena, and Muribaculaceae were higher, while Ruminococcus and Eubacterium eligens were lower in hypertensives. Importantly, normotensive and essential hypertensive cohorts could be differentiated based on gut microbiome gene pathways and metabolites. Specifically, hypertensive participants exhibited higher plasma acetate and butyrate, but their immune cells expressed reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid-activated GPR43 (G-protein coupled receptor 43). In conclusion, gut microbial diversity did not change in essential hypertension, but we observed a significant shift in microbial gene pathways. Hypertensive subjects had lower levels of GPR43, putatively blunting their response to blood pressure-lowering metabolites.

scholarly journals Alterations of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes patients during the second trimester of pregnancy in the Shanghai Han population

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Su ◽  
Hong-Kun Wang ◽  
Xu-Pei Gan ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Yan-Nan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Metabolic Hormone

Abstract Background The causes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still unclear. Recent studies have found that the imbalance of the gut microbiome could lead to disorders of human metabolism and immune system, resulting in GDM. This study aims to reveal the different gut compositions between GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women and find the relationship between gut microbiota and GDM. Methods Fecal microbiota profiles from women with GDM (n = 21) and normoglycemic women (n = 32) were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fasting metabolic hormone concentrations were measured using multiplex ELISA. Results Metabolic hormone levels, microbiome profiles, and inferred functional characteristics differed between women with GDM and healthy women. Additionally, four phyla and seven genera levels have different correlations with plasma glucose and insulin levels. Corynebacteriales (order), Nocardiaceae (family), Desulfovibrionaceae (family), Rhodococcus (genus), and Bacteroidetes (phylum) may be the taxonomic biomarkers of GDM. Microbial gene functions related to amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were found to be enriched in patients with GDM. Conclusion Our study indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome exists in patients with GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy, and gut microbiota might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GDM.

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model with stress induced irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Haiyong Ye ◽  
Bin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

AbstractStress is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is well-known for perturbing the microbiome and exacerbating IBS-associated symptoms. However, changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in response to colorectal distention (CRD), combined with restraint stress (RS) administration, remains unclear. In this study, CRD and RS stress were used to construct an IBS rat model. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in ileocecal contents. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS assay was used to characterize the metabolome of gut microbiota. As a result, significant gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in stress-induced IBS rats, with the obvious enrichment of three and depletion of 11 bacterial taxa in IBS rats, when compared with those in the control group (q < 0.05). Meanwhile, distinct changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype of stress-induced IBS rats were also found, including five increased and 19 decreased metabolites. Furthermore, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the main metabolic pathways induced by IBS stress. Moreover, the altered gut microbiota had a strong correlation with the changes in metabolism of stress-induced IBS rats. Prevotella bacteria are correlated with the metabolism of 1-Naphthol and Arg.Thr. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, metabolome and their interaction were altered. This may be critical for the development of stress-induced IBS.

scholarly journals Comparison of Small Gut and Whole Gut Microbiota of First-Degree Relatives with Adult Celiac Disease Patients and Controls

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bodkhe ◽  
Sudarshan A. Shetty ◽  
Dhiraj P. Dhotre ◽  
Anil K. Verma ◽  
Khushbo Bhatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Adult Celiac Disease ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Control

AbstractRecent studies on celiac disease (CeD) have shown the role of gut microbiota alterations in CeD pathogenesis. Whether this alteration in the microbial community is the cause or effect of the disease is not well understood, especially in adult onset of disease. The first-degree relatives (FDRs) of CeD patients may provide an opportunity to study gut microbiome in pre-disease state as FDRs are genetically susceptible to CeD. By using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed between the disease condition (CeD), pre-disease (FDR) and control subjects. However, differences were observed at the level of amplicon sequence variant (ASV), suggesting alterations in specific taxa between pre-diseases and diseased condition. Duodenal biopsies showed higher differences in ASVs compared to faecal samples indicating larger disruption of microbiota at disease site. Increased abundance of specific Helicobacter ASVs were observed in duodenum of CeD when compared to FDR (p < 0.01). In case of fecal samples CeD microbiome and Actinomyces. In addition, predicted functional metagenome showed reduced ability of gluten that ecosystem level diversity measures (except in the duodenum) were not significantly different is characterized by reduced abundance of beneficial taxa such as Akkermansia, Ruminococcus degradation by CeD faecal microbiota in comparison to FDRs and controls.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillaceae on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Celiac Disease Autoimmunity: A Placebo-Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Oscarsson ◽  
Åsa Håkansson ◽  
Carin Andrén Aronsson ◽  
Göran Molin ◽  
Daniel Agardh
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Disturbances of the gut microbiota may influence the development of various autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the effects of supplementations with the probiotic bacteria, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 8700:2, on the microbial community in children with celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA). The study included 78 genetically predisposed children for celiac disease with elevated levels of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA) signaling for ongoing CDA. Among those children, 38 received a placebo and 40 received the probiotic supplement daily for 6 months. Fecal and plasma samples were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, respectively. The bacterial community was investigated with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and tTGA levels were measured in radiobinding assays. In children that received probiotic supplementation, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae increased over time, while it remained unchanged in the placebo group. There was no overall correlation between tTGA levels and bacterial genus except for a positive correlation between Dialister and IgG-tTG in the probiotic group. The abundance of specific bacterial amplicon sequence variant (ASV:s) changed during the study in both groups, indicating that specific bacterial strains might be affected by probiotic supplementation.

scholarly journals Impact of Vitamin D Deficit on the Rat Gut Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Robles-Vera ◽  
María Callejo ◽  
Ricardo Ramos ◽  
Juan Duarte ◽  
Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Rat Gut

Inadequate immunologic, metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis has been related to either an alteration of the gut microbiota or to vitamin D deficiency. We analyzed whether vitamin D deficiency alters rat gut microbiota. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard or a vitamin D-free diet for seven weeks. The microbiome composition was determined in fecal samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The vitamin D-free diet produced mild changes on α- diversity but no effect on β-diversity in the global microbiome. Markers of gut dysbiosis like Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio or the short chain fatty acid producing bacterial genera were not significantly affected by vitamin D deficiency. Notably, there was an increase in the relative abundance of the Enterobacteriaceae, with significant rises in its associated genera Escherichia, Candidatus blochmannia and Enterobacter in vitamin D deficient rats. Prevotella and Actinomyces were also increased and Odoribacteraceae and its genus Butyricimonas were decreased in rats with vitamin D-free diet. In conclusion, vitamin D deficit does not induce gut dysbiosis but produces some specific changes in bacterial taxa, which may play a pathophysiological role in the immunologic dysregulation associated with this hypovitaminosis.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Analysis As A Non-Invasive Tool for the Early Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Li ◽  
Xueyan Li ◽  
Sina Zhang ◽  
Chen Jin ◽  
Zixia Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hepatobiliary Cancer

Abstract BACKGROUNDThe liver-microbiome axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary cancer, and the role of the gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear.METHODWe conducted a case-control study on the intestinal flora of 33 CCA patients and 47 cholelithiasis individuals. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify disease-related gut microbiota and assess the potential of the intestinal microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker for CCA.RESULTWe found that gut microbiome of CCA patients had a significantly higher alpha diversity (Shannon and Observed species indices, p = 0.006 and p = 0.02, respectively) and an overall different microbial community composition (p = 0.032). The genus Muribaculaceae_unclassified was most strongly associated with CCA (p < 0.001). We put forward a disease predictive model including twelve intestinal microbiome genera distinguished CCA patients from CF patients with an area under curve (AUC) of approximately 0.93 (95%CI, 0.85–0.987). The forecasting performance of this model was better than CA19-9. Moreover, genera Ezakiella and Garciella were only observed among intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Further, we assessed predicted functional modules alternations CCA patients and uncovered a microbiota pattern specific to CCA.CONCLUSIONOur findings provide evidence of the intestinal microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker for CCA.

scholarly journals Sex Results in Divergence in Gut Bacterial Community between Female and Male Pardosa astrigera (Araneae: Lycosidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Pengfeng Wu ◽  
Shuyan Cui ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Guo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Pardosa Astrigera ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Agro Forestry

Sex is one of the important factors affecting gut microbiota. As key predators in agro-forestry ecosystem, many spider species show dramatically different activity habits and nutritional requirements between female and male. However, how sex affects gut microbiota of spiders is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, the compositions and diversities of gut bacteria, based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were compared between female and male Pardosa astrigera. We found that bacterial richness indices (P < 0.05) in female were significantly lower than male, meanwhile, β-diversity showed significantly different between female and male (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Rhodococcus (belongs to Actinobacteria) were significantly higher in female than male (P < 0.05). Whereas, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Acinetobacter (belongs to Proteobacteria), Ruminococcus and Fusicatenibacter (all belong to Firmicutes), were significantly higher in male than female (P < 0.05). The results of PICRUSt2 showed that amino acid and lipid metabolisms were significantly higher in female than male (P < 0.05), whereas glycan biosynthesis and metabolism was significantly higher in male than female (P < 0.05). Our results imply that sexual variation is a crucial factor in shaping gut bacterial community in P. astrigera. Male P. astrigera dispersed more widely than the female hence the male had a higher bacterial diversity. While the distinct differences of bacterial composition mainly due to their different nutritional and energy requirements.

scholarly journals Specific Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Changes in Lung Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Rui An ◽  
Liqian Wang ◽  
Jikang Shan ◽  
Xianjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Serum Metabolites

BackgroundLung cancer (LC) is one of the most aggressive, prevalent and fatal malignancies. Gut microbes and their associated metabolites are thought to cause and modulate LC development, albeit influenced by the host genetic make-up and environment. Herein, we identified and classified gut microbiota and serum metabolites associated with LC.MethodsStool samples were collected from 41 LC patients and 40 healthy volunteers. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Serum samples were collected from the same LC patients (n=30) and healthy volunteers (n=30) and serum metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Microbiome and metabolome data were analyzed separately and integrated for combined analysis using various bioinformatics methods.ResultsSerum metabolomics uncovered 870 metabolites regulated in 76 metabolic pathways in both groups. Microbial diversity analyses identified 15967 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in groups. Of these, the abundance of 232 OTUs was significantly different between HC and LC groups. Also, serum levels of glycerophospholipids (LysoPE 18:3, LysoPC 14:0, LysoPC 18:3), Imidazopyrimidines (Hypoxanthine), AcylGlcADG 66:18; AcylGlcADG (22:6/22:6/22:6) and Acylcarnitine 11:0 were substantially different between HC and LC groups. Combined analysis correlated LC-associated microbes with metabolites, such as Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003, Clostridium and Synergistes with glycerophospholipids.ConclusionsThere is an intricate relationship between gut microbiome and levels of several metabolites such as glycerophospholipids and imidazopyrimidines. Microbial-associated metabolites are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LC.

scholarly journals Monosodium Glutamate Induces Changes in Hepatic and Renal Metabolic Profiles and Gut Microbiome of Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Nahok ◽  
Jutarop Phetcharaburanin ◽  
Jia V. Li ◽  
Atit Silsirivanit ◽  
Raynoo Thanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

The short- and long-term consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) increases urinary pH but the effects on the metabolic pathways in the liver, kidney and the gut microbiota remain unknown. To address this issue, we investigated adult male Wistar rats allocated to receive drinking water with or without 1 g% MSG for 2 weeks (n = 10, each). We performed a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomic study of the jejunum, liver, and kidneys, while faecal samples were collected for bacterial DNA extraction to investigate the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed significant changes in the liver of MSG-treated rats compared to controls in the levels of glucose, pyridoxine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, kynurenate, and nicotinamide. Among kidney metabolites, the level of trimethylamine (TMA) was increased, and pyridoxine was decreased after MSG-treatment. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that MSG-treated rats had increased Firmicutes, the gut bacteria associated with TMA metabolism, along with decreased Bifidobacterium species. Our data support the impact of MSG consumption on liver and kidney metabolism. Based on the gut microbiome changes, we speculate that TMA and its metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) may be mediators of the effects of MSG on the kidney health.

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