scholarly journals Efficacy of Isomaltulose Compared to Sucrose in Modulating Endothelial Function in Overweight Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric de Groot ◽  
Lisa Schweitzer ◽  
Stephan Theis
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Carbohydrate Load ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Overweight Adults ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

Hyperglycemia is linked to impaired arterial endothelial function (EF), an early sign of cardiovascular disease. We compared the efficacy of low-glycemic index isomaltulose (Palatinose™) with that of sucrose in modulating EF, as assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In this double-blinded cross-over study, 80 overweight mildly hypertensive subjects were randomized to receive 50 g of either isomaltulose or sucrose. On two non-consecutive days, brachial artery ultrasound FMD scans were obtained prior to and hourly (T0–T3) after carbohydrate load. Blood was drawn immediately after scanning. Glucose and insulin levels were analyzed. Overall, the FMD decrease was attenuated by isomaltulose compared to sucrose (ΔFMD = −0.003% and −0.151%; p > 0.05 for the interaction treatment x period). At T2, FMD was significantly higher after isomaltulose administration compared to that after sucrose administration (FMD = 5.9 ± 2.9% and 5.4 ± 2.6%, p = 0.047). Pearson correlations between FMD and blood glucose showed a trend for a negative association at T0 and T2 independently of the carbohydrate (r-range = −0.20 to −0.23, p < 0.1). Sub-analysis suggested a lower FMD in insulin-resistant (IR) compared to insulin-sensitive subjects. Isomaltulose attenuated the postprandial decline of FMD, particularly in IR persons. These data support the potential of isomaltulose to preserve the endothelial function postprandially and consequently play a favorable role in cardiovascular health.

Atorvastatin normalizes endothelial function in healthy smokers

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Agewall ◽  
Åsa Hernberg
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Atorvastatin Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
To Receive

Endothelial function is known to predict cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to examine whether endothelial function in smokers with normal cholesterol levels could be normalized by treatment with 80 mg of atorvastatin in comparison with a control group. Healthy smokers (n=20) and non-smokers (n=20) were randomized to receive 80 mg of atorvastatin or placebo in an open randomized cross-over study, followed by measurement of endothelial functional [FMD (flow-mediated dilation)]. At baseline, smokers had a lower FMD compared with the non-smoking group (2.2±0.5 and 4.5±0.8% respectively; P<0.05). In the smoking group, FMD increased significantly (P<0.05) to 4.0±0.8% during treatment with atorvastatin and returned to basal levels during placebo (2.3±0.6%). In the non-smoking group, FMD was unaffected by both atorvastatin and placebo. The net change of total cholesterol or LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol was not associated with the net change in FMD when the study group was considered as a whole or the smoking group was considered separately. In conclusion, improved endothelial function was observed in a group of smokers when they were received 80 mg of atorvastatin, whereas atorvastatin had no effect on endothelial function in the non-smoking group. The improved FMD among smokers was independent of the decrease in LDL-cholesterol during atorvastatin treatment. The results show that poor endothelial function in smokers with normal lipid levels can be improved by a statin treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Oral Glucose Load on Endothelial Function and on Insulin and Glucose Fluctuations in Healthy Individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Major-Pedersen ◽  
N. Ihlemann ◽  
T. S. Hermann ◽  
B. Christiansen ◽  
H. Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Glucose Fluctuations

Background/aims. Postprandial hyperglycemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction. We studied the effect of oral glucose load on insulin and glucose fluctuations, and on postprandial endothelial function in healthy individuals in order to better understand and cope with the postprandial state in insulin resistant individuals.Methods. We assessed post-oral glucose load endothelial function (flow mediated dilation), plasma insulin, and blood glucose in 9 healthy subjects.Results. The largest increases in delta FMD values (fasting FMD value subtracted from postprandial FMD value) occurred at 3 hours after both glucose or placebo load, respectively:4.80±1.41(P= .009) and2.34±1.47(P= .15). Glucose and insulin concentrations achieved maximum peaks at one hour post-glucose load.Conclusion. Oral glucose load does not induce endothelial dysfunction in healthy individuals with mean insulin and glucose values of 5.6 mmol/L and 27.2 mmol/L, respectively, 2 hours after glucose load.

scholarly journals Discrepancy Between Fasting Flow-Mediated Dilation and Parameter of Lipids in Blood: A Randomized Exploratory Study of the Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients With Hyperlipidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 2169-2183
Author(s):  
Tamio Teramoto ◽  
Hirotaka Shibata ◽  
Yuki Suzaki ◽  
Shingo Matsui ◽  
Naoto Uemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Introduction Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters (omega-3), an eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid preparation (Lotriga®, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited), are approved in Japan to treat triglyceridemia. We investigated the effects of omega-3 on vascular endothelial function, measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Methods Patients with dyslipidemia receiving 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors were randomized 1:1 to receive omega-3 at 2 g (QD) or 4 g (2 g BID) for 8 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline of fasting  %FMD in each treatment group. Secondary end points included the 4-h postprandial  %FMD and 4-h postprandial triglyceride (TG) level. Results Thirty-seven patients were randomized to receive omega-3 at 2 g (n = 18) or 4 g (n = 19). Mean fasting %FMD did not increase from baseline to week 8 in the 2-g group (− 1.2%) or 4-g group (− 1.3%). Mean 4-h postprandial %FMD did not change from baseline to week 8 in the 2-g group (0.0%), but increased in the 4-g group (1.0%). Mean 4-h postprandial TG level decreased by 34.7 mg/dl from baseline over week 8 in the 2-g group, with a significantly larger decrease in the 4-g group of 75.9 mg/dl (p < 0.001). No new safety concerns were identified. Conclusions Fasting %FMD did not improve after 8 weeks of omega-3 treatment at 2 g or 4 g. After 8 weeks, 4-h postprandial TG levels showed improvement at both doses, with a greater reduction in the 4-g group. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02824432.

Abstract P355: Comparable Impairment Of Vascular Endothelial Function By A Wide Range Of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Rao ◽  
Kelly Tan ◽  
Daniel D Han ◽  
Ronak Derakhshandeh ◽  
Matthew L Springer
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Previous Generation ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats

Introduction: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; i.e., vaping devices) such as e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and newer coil-less ultrasonic vaping devices are promoted as less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarettes. However, the cardiovascular health effects of these devices are understudied. We investigated whether exposure to aerosol from a wide range of ENDS devices with and without nicotine, including a new ultrasonic vaping device, impairs endothelial function. Hypothesis: ENDS aerosols irrespective of nicotine, flavors, and heating coil impair endothelial function comparably to smoke from cigarettes. Methods: We exposed 11 groups (n=8), of anaesthetized rats to aerosol from propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), PG+VG without nicotine, a USONICIG Zip ultrasonic vaping device, previous generation e-cigarettes (tank style with freebase nicotine), 5% nicotine JUUL pods of three flavors (Virginia tobacco, Mango, and Menthol), and an IQOS heated tobacco product; with Marlboro Red cigarette smoke and clean air as controls, to a single session of 10 cycles of pulsatile 5s exposure over 5 minutes. Endothelial function was quantified as arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using micro-ultrasound. Results: Aerosol/smoke from all conditions except air significantly impaired FMD (Figure: each colored line denotes one rat, black horizontal bars denote means). The extent of impairment ranged from 40%-67% although there were no significant differences between groups. Nicotine absorption into the blood varied widely from these undiluted aerosols (those containing nicotine), with IQOS being the highest, and USONICIG and previous generation e-cig being the lowest. Conclusions: A single session of exposure to aerosol from a wide range of ENDS, including multiple types of e-cigarettes, a heated tobacco product, and an ultrasonic vaping device, all impair endothelial vascular function comparably to combusted cigarettes. Key words: JUUL, IQOS, ultrasonic vaping device, e-liquids, flow-mediated dilation

Abstract 319: Effects of Muscle Stretching on Flow-Mediated Dilation of Popliteal Artery in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hotta ◽  
Wayne B Batchelor ◽  
James Graven ◽  
Vishal Dahya ◽  
Thomas E Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Muscle Stretching ◽  
Artery Disease

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) frequently have walking impairment due to lower extremity claudication. Our preliminary results in a rat model of aging indicate that a program of daily calf muscle stretching improves endothelium-dependent dilation of soleus muscle arterioles and increases soleus muscle blood flow during exercise. However, the effects of muscle stretching on the function of arteries supplying the legs of PAD patients is unknown. We hypothesized that daily calf muscle stretching improves vascular endothelial function and walking distance in PAD patients. To test our hypothesis, a randomized, non-blinded, crossover study was performed. Four weeks of muscle stretching (30 min/d, 5 days/wk) and 4 weeks of sedentary lifestyle (no stretching) were performed in random order. Thirteen patients with PAD participated in this study (71 ± 2 years old; 7 males and 6 females). During the stretching intervention both ankle joints were maintained at 15o of dorsiflexion using ankle dorsiflexion splints to stretch their calf muscles at home. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD; dilation to post-occlusion reactive hyperemia) and nitroglycerin-induced dilation (dilation to sublingual 0.4 mg nitroglycerin) of the popliteal artery were measured after 4 weeks of muscle stretching and after the no stretching period using ultrasound. A six-minute walk test was also performed to obtain walking distance. After 4 weeks of muscle stretching, FMD and 6-minute walking distance significantly improved as compared to the values measured after 4 weeks of no stretching (FMD: 5.2 ± 0.6 % vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 %, P=0.003 stretching vs. no stretching, 6-minute walking distance: 355 ± 32 m vs. 311 ± 31 m, P=0.007, stretching vs. no stretching; mean ± SE). No difference in nitroglycerin-induced dilation was found between groups (10.9 ± 1.4 vs. 9.9 ± 1.1 %, P=0.54, stretching vs. no stretching). Percentage change of walking distance (%change = [(stretching - no stretching) / no stretching] x 100) significantly correlated with the %change of FMD (R 2 =0.65, P=0.03). These results indicate that static calf muscle stretching enhances vascular endothelial function of the popliteal artery, contributing to improvement of walking tolerance in PAD patients.

Abstract 3610: Comparative Effects of 3 Popular Diets on Lipids, Endothelial Function and Biomarkers of Atherothrombosis in the Absence of Weight Loss

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Miller ◽  
Valerie Beach ◽  
Charles Mangano ◽  
Jeffrey Rhyne ◽  
Christina Dobmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The South ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Total Fat

Background : While the effect of popular diets on weight loss has been extensively studied, less is known in the absence of weight loss. We hypothesized that a diet high in total and saturated fat would be associated with adverse effects on LDL-C, endothelial function and biomarkers of atherothrombosis compared to lower fat diets. Methods : We tested 3 popular diets, including Atkins (50% fat), South Beach (30% fat) and Ornish (10% fat) in a randomized and counterbalanced, crossover study. Subjects completed each of the three 4-week dietary intervention phases followed by a 4-week washout period. They were weighed weekly and caloric adjustments made if weight change exceeded 1 kg. At the completion of each dietary phase, 3-day food records were analyzed, fasting blood was sampled and brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) performed. Results : Eighteen of 26 adults (mean age: 30.6 ± 9.6 yrs, 50% female) completed all 3 dietary phases. There were no changes in weight at the conclusion of each phase. However, non-significant increases in LDL-C occurred during the Atkins phase (pre: 96.5, post: 112.9 mg/dL; P=0.12 ), whereas LDL-C was reduced during the Ornish (pre: 110.1, post: 84.6 mg/dL; P=0.006 ) and South Beach phases (pre: 101.7, post: 91.5 mg/dL; P=0.01 ). BART testing revealed a significant inverse correlation between flow-mediated vasodilation and intake of total fat (r 2 =−0.29; P=0.03 ), saturated fat (r 2 =−0.31; P=0.02 ) and monounsaturated fat (r 2 =−0.35; P=0.01 ). Microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of several leukocyte biomarkers including, ICAM2 (37%; P=0.002 ), SELL (26%; P=0.007 ) and SOD1 (42%; P=0.04 ) at the completion of the Atkins diet compared to baseline. In contrast, expression of atherothrombotic biomarkers was not increased after the South Beach or Ornish phase. Conclusions: In the absence of weight loss, the high fat Atkins diet is associated with increased LDL-C, reduced endothelial vasoreactivity and increased expression of biomarkers of atherothrombosis. As such, these data suggest that isocaloric conversion to the Atkins diet may negatively impact cardiovascular health as compared to the South Beach or Ornish Diet.

Comparison of stent related symptoms in patients taking mirabegron, solifenacin, or tamsulosin: A double blinded randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110481
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chandna ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Kalpesh M Parmar ◽  
Aditya P Sharma ◽  
Sudheer K Devana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Robotic Pyeloplasty ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
To Receive

Background: The present study aims to assess the efficacy of mirabegron, a novel beta-3 agonist for ameliorating stent related symptoms (SRSs) as compared to tamsulosin and solifenacin. Methods: Total of 150 patients undergoing ureteral stent placement following ureteroscopic lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or laparoscopic/robotic pyeloplasty were randomized in 1:1:1 fashion to receive mirabegron 50 mg (group A), solifenacin 5 mg (group B), and tamsulosin 0.4 mg (group C) OD respectively. Patients were followed at POD10 (I visit), 4 weeks (II visit) after surgery, and 2 weeks post-stent removal. Validated vernacular version of ureteric stent symptoms questionnaire (USSQ) was administered to the patients at each visit. Results: Out of 150 patients randomized, 123 patients (A; n = 41, B; n = 40, and C; n = 42) completed the study. The groups were comparable in terms of urinary index score of USSQ at I and II visits ( p = 0.119 and 0.076, respectively). A lower proportion of patients in group B experiencing bodily pain at II visit ( p = 0.039), however, pain scores were comparable. Significantly lower general health index scores were observed in group A at I visit and over 4 weeks ( p = 0.007). No significant differences were observed in other domains of USSQ. Age, sex, and surgical procedure undertaken did not significantly impact the scores in various USSQ domains. Conclusion: Mirabegron demonstrates comparable benefit in alleviating SRSs with better general health indices and may be an effective alternative for SRSs, especially when tamsulosin or solifenacin are contra-indicated or poorly tolerated.

Abstract 530: Impact of a Single Mixed Mediterranean-Type Meal Compared with a High-Saturated Fat Meal on Postprandial Endothelial Function and Metabolic Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Lacroix ◽  
Christine Des Rosiers ◽  
Mathieu Gayda ◽  
Anil Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Endothelial Impairment ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Fat Meal

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is considered a precursor of atherosclerosis and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. A high-saturated fat meal (HFM) has been shown to induce postprandial endothelial dysfunction. However, no studies have evaluated the acute endothelial effect of a single mixed Mediterranean-type meal (MMM). Our objective was to evaluate postprandial endothelial and metabolic function in response to a MMM in comparison to an isocaloric HFM. Methods: In this ongoing crossover study, 26 of 28 healthy non-smoking males have completed the research protocol. In random order on two separate days during a 1-week interval, subjects were fed two isocaloric meals after an overnight fast. The MMM (885 kcal) consisted of fresh salmon, almonds and vegetables baked in olive oil providing 51% of total calories from fat (7.87g SFA and 2.29g of omega-3, 2:1 DHA:EPA). The HFM consisted of a McDonald’s sausage, egg and cheese McMuffin and three hashbrowns (858 kcal) providing 58% of total energy from fat (14.78g SFA and no omega-3). Endothelial function was evaluated by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (%FMD) at baseline and at two (T2) and four (T4) hours postprandial. Results: Mean postprandial %FMD tends to be less impaired following the MMM than the HFM (variation at T4 -0.15±3.6% vs -2.83±3.3% respectively, p<0.1). Postprandial variations of TG and TG/HDL at T4 were also less severe with the MMM than the HFM (p≤0.05) and did not correlate to %FMD variations. When subdividing the population on the basis of the median fasting TG levels (0.90 mmol/L), the HFM led to significant endothelial impairment in the subjects with higher-TG while it had no effect in the low-TG group. Conclusion: Our data suggest that a single MMM exerts less of a deleterious effect on postprandial endothelial function and metabolic markers than does a HFM. A single MMM could thus be less atherogenic than a HFM. Moreover, subjects with higher fasting TG levels (avg. 1.54±0.59 mmol/L, well bellow hypertriglyceridemia threshold) could be at higher risk of endothelial injury following a single HFM. Data on all 28 subjects will be available in April 2012.

scholarly journals Acute Endothelial Benefits of Fat Restriction over Carbohydrate Restriction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Beyond Carbs and Fats

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Barbosa-Yañez ◽  
Ulrike Dambeck ◽  
Linna Li ◽  
Jürgen Machann ◽  
Stefan Kabisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM). The causes are embedded in a complex interplay between excess body fat, insulin resistance and serum lipid anomalies. Endothelial homeostasis is strongly affected by this pathogenic network. Even though metabolic changes and weight loss improve vascular endothelial function, the effect of different dietary approaches is still uncertain for type 2 diabetes patients. Objective: We aimed to compare the acute effects of a hypocaloric very low carbohydrate (VLC) diet versus a hypocaloric low fat (LF) diet on flow mediated dilation (FMD), intrahepatic lipid (IHL) accumulation and visceral adipose tissue as independent risk factors of CVD in T2DM patients. Design: 36 T2DM patients (age 63 ± 8 years, 60% females) were randomly assigned to the VLC diet (4–10% of total energy intake (E)) or to the LF diet (<30% E) for 3 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed by the flow mediated dilation (FMD) method. Adipose tissue depots and IHL were determined by magnetic resonance. Results: Both dietary strategies reduced body weight, body fat content and IHL. Unexpectedly, the LF group experienced significantly greater enhancement of FMD, compared to the VLC group. The FMD showed a positive correlation with protein intake and fat intake in the LF group, while it revealed a negative correlation with protein intake in the VLC diet group. Conclusions: Reduction of total and hepatic adiposity was shown to be successful using either the VLC or LF hypocaloric diets, however, improvements in FMD may be related to the interplay of fat and protein intake.

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