Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Energy Metabolism, Leptin Resistance, and Gut Microbiota in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

Obesity is closely associated with various metabolic disorders, including leptin resistance, which is characterized by high circulating leptin levels. Probiotics can decrease circulating leptin levels by alteration of the gut microbiota. Thus, they may have anti-obesogenic effects. In this study, the effects of administration of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), on gut microbiota and modulation of leptin resistance were evaluated in mice. Male Balb/C mice aged 7 weeks were fed either a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with low-dose LGG (108 CFU/mouse/day), or HFD supplemented with high-dose LGG (1010 CFU/mouse/day) for 10 weeks. Significantly increased body weight, epididymal fat weight, and decreased leptin responsiveness to exogenous leptin treatment and ratio of villus height to crypt depth were observed in the HFD-fed mice compared to the ND-fed mice. Moreover, a remarkable increase in the proportion of Proteobacteria and ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota were also observed in the HFD-fed mice. Supplementation of HFD with high-dose LGG restored exogenous leptin responsiveness, increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and decreased the proportion of Proteobacteria in fecal microbiota. These findings suggest that LGG supplementation might alleviate leptin resistance caused by an HFD through the improvement of the digestive health of the host.

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Dietary Quercetin Supplementation Attenuates Diarrhea and Intestinal Damage by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Weanling Piglets

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/6221012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Baoyang Xu ◽

Wenxia Qin ◽

Yunzheng Xu ◽

Wenbo Yang ◽

Yuwen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Damage ◽

Antioxidative Capacity ◽

Villus Height ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Weanling Piglets ◽

Relative Abundances

Antioxidant polyphenols from plants are potential dietary supplementation to alleviate early weaning-induced intestinal disorders in piglets. Recent evidences showed polyphenol quercetin could reshape gut microbiota when it functioned as anti-inflammation or antioxidation agents in rodent models. However, the effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on intestinal disorders and gut microbiota of weanling piglets, along with the role of gut microbiota in this effect, both remain unclear. Here, we determined the quercetin’s effect on attenuating diarrhea, intestinal damage, and redox imbalance, as well as the role of gut microbiota by transferring the quercetin-treated fecal microbiota to the recipient piglets. The results showed that dietary quercetin supplementation decreased piglets’ fecal scores improved intestinal damage by increasing tight junction protein occludin, villus height, and villus height/crypt depth ratio but decreased crypt depth and intestinal epithelial apoptosis (TUNEL staining). Quercetin also increased antioxidant capacity indices, including total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione/oxidized glutathione disulfide but decreased oxidative metabolite malondialdehyde in the jejunum tissue. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from quercetin-treated piglets had comparable effects on improving intestinal damage and antioxidative capacity than dietary quercetin supplementation. Further analysis of gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing showed that dietary quercetin supplementation or FMT shifted the structure and increased the diversity of gut microbiota. Especially, anaerobic trait and carbohydrate metabolism functions of gut microbiota were enriched after dietary quercetin supplementation and FMT, which may owe to the increased antioxidative capacity of intestine. Quercetin increased the relative abundances of Fibrobacteres, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium celatum, and Prevotella copri but decreased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Lactobacillus coleohominis, and Ruminococcus bromii. Besides, quercetin-shifted bacteria and carbohydrate metabolites short chain fatty acids were significantly related to the indices of antioxidant capacity and intestinal integrity. Overall, dietary quercetin supplementation attenuated diarrhea and intestinal damage by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and regulating gut microbial structure and metabolism in piglets.

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Glycerol Monocaprylate Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production without Adverse Effects on Metabolism and Inflammation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1427

Author(s):

Junhui Zhang ◽

Fengqin Feng ◽

Minjie Zhao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Short Chain ◽

High Dose ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) is a glycerol derivative of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and is widely used as a preservative in food processing. However, GMC and its hydrolytic acid (octylic acid) have antibacterial properties that may affect the physiology and intestinal microecology of the human body. Therefore, in this study, the effects of two different dosages of GMC (150 and 1600 mg kg−1) on glucose, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal microecology of normal diet-fed C57BL/6 mice were comprehensively investigated. The obtained results showed that the level of triglycerides (TGs) in the low-dose group down-regulated significantly, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) significantly increased, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) in the high-dose group were significantly decreased. Importantly, GMC promoted the α-diversity of gut microbiota in normal-diet-fed mice, regardless of dosages. Additionally, it was found that the low-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, while the high-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producers such as Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was significantly increased by GMC supplementation. Thus, our research provides a novel insight into the effects of GMC on gut microbiota and physiological characteristics.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG modulates innate signaling pathway and cytokine responses to rotavirus vaccine in intestinal mononuclear cells of gnotobiotic pigs transplanted with human gut microbiota

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-016-0727-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Haifeng Wang ◽

Kan Gao ◽

Ke Wen ◽

Irving Coy Allen ◽

Guohua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Human Gut ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Cytokine Responses ◽

Gnotobiotic Pigs

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In Vivo, In Vitro and Transplacental Immune Effects of a Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Humans

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.761 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. S200-S200

Author(s):

R.J. Boyle ◽

L. Mah ◽

S. Kivivuori ◽

A. Chen ◽

S.J. Lahtinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg

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Evaluation of temperature effect on growth rate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in milk using secondary models

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-013-0365-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ľubomír Valík ◽

Alžbeta Medveďová ◽

Michal Čižniar ◽

Denisa Liptáková

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Extended Model ◽

Temperature Model ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Model Application ◽

Cardinal Temperature ◽

Cardinal Temperatures

AbstractThe application of secondary temperature models on growth rates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, the much studied probiotic bacterium, is investigated. Growth parameters resulting from a primary fitting were modelled against temperature using the following models: Hinshelwood model (H), Ratkowsky extended model (RTK2), Zwietering model (ZWT), and cardinal temperature model with inflection (CTMI). As experienced by other authors, the RTK2, ZWT, and CTMI models provided the best statistical indices related to fitting the experimental data. Moreover, with the biological background, the following cardinal temperatures of L. rhamnosus GG resulted from the study by the model application: t min = 2.7°C, t opt = 44.4°C, t max = 52.0°C. The growth rate of the strain under study at optimal temperature was 0.88 log10(CFU mL−1 h−1).

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Interaction of orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with skin and gut microbiota and humoral immunity in infants with atopic dermatitis

Clinical & Experimental Allergy ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03657.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 370-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

M. Nermes ◽

J. M. Kantele ◽

T. J. Atosuo ◽

S. Salminen ◽

E. Isolauri

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Humoral Immunity ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg

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Dietary Enteromorpha Polysaccharide Enhances Intestinal Immune Response, Integrity, and Caecal Microbial Activity of Broiler Chickens

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.783819 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Teketay Wassie ◽

Zhuang Lu ◽

Xinyi Duan ◽

Chunyan Xie ◽

Kefyalew Gebeyew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Villus Height ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Caecal Microbiota

Marine algae polysaccharides have been shown to regulate various biological activities, such as immune modulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic. However, litter is known about the interaction of these polysaccharides with the gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of marine algae Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera polysaccharide (EP) supplementation on growth performance, immune response, and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 200 1-day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups with ten replications of ten chickens in each replication. The dietary treatments consisted of the control group (fed basal diet), and EP group (received diet supplemented with 400 mg EP/kg diet). Results showed that chickens fed EP exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) body weight and average daily gain than the chicken-fed basal diet. In addition, significantly longer villus height, shorter crypt depth, and higher villus height to crypt depth ratio were observed in the jejunal and ileal tissues of chickens fed EP. EP supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB, TLR4, MyD88, IL-2, IFN-α, and IL-1β in the ileal and jejunal tissues (P < 0.05). Besides, we observed significantly higher (P < 0.05) short-chain volatile fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in the caecal contents of the EP group than in the control group. Furthermore, 16S-rRNA analysis revealed that EP supplementation altered gut microbiota and caused an abundance shift at the phylum and genus level in broiler chicken. Interestingly, we observed an association between microbiota and SCFAs production. Overall, this study demonstrated that supplementation of diet with EP promotes growth performance, improves intestinal immune response and integrity, and modulates the caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. This study highlighted the application of marine algae polysaccharides as an antibiotic alternative for chickens. Furthermore, it provides insight to develop marine algae polysaccharide-based functional food and therapeutic agent.

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