Development of RisObIn.Com, a Screening Tool for Risk of Childhood Obesity in the Community

The prevalence of childhood overweight has increased considerably in the past three decades and there is evidence that childhood obesity can persist into adulthood. A simple tool to identify relevant risk factors may alert families and prevent overweight and obesity. This study aims to develop a pre-school screening tool to assess the risk of childhood obesity. Child anthropometric measurements and several risk factors for childhood obesity factors were obtained. The effect of the variables on the outcome of obesity (defined as increased anthropometry-estimated adiposity) was assessed by binary logistic regression analyses. The identified variables were submitted for expert panel validation and combined for the tool development. A total of 304 children were included. Eight items were included in the tool. A higher score of the tool indicates a greater risk for obesity in childhood with the cutoff point set at 0. The tool sensitivity for obesity was 95%, specificity was 74.4%, the positive predictive value was 37.3%, and negative predictive value was 98.9%. The Risk of childhood Obesity In the Community (RisObIn.Com) tool is proposed to be a comprehensive tool to identify children at high risk for late childhood obesity at admission to primary school. Further studies are needed to assess the performance of the tool.

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Significant Decrease in Childhood Obesity and Waist Circumference over 15 Years in Switzerland: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1922

Author(s):

Isabelle Herter-Aeberli ◽

Ester Osuna ◽

Zuzana Sarnovská ◽

Michael B. Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Parental Education ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Parental Factors ◽

The Past

Despite a global increase in childhood obesity over the past decades, several countries, including Switzerland, have recently reported stabilizing trends. Using national data from school-aged children in Switzerland over the past 16 years, our study aim was to assess changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, central adiposity and predictors of obesity related to lifestyle and parental factors. Nationally representative samples of children aged 6–12 years were studied in 2002 (n = 2493), 2007 (n = 2218), 2012 (n = 2963), and 2017/18 (n = 2279). Height and weight, waist circumference, and multiple skinfold thicknesses were measured. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity were determined using a self-administered questionnaire in 2017/18, collecting data on diet, physical activity, and parental factors. Prevalence (95% CI) of overweight (incl. obesity) and obesity in 2017/18 was 15.9% (14.4–17.4) and 5.3% (4.5–6.3), respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed a small but significant decrease in the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) since 2002 (OR (95% CI) = 0.988 (0.978–0.997)), while the change in obesity alone was not significant. The most important risk factors for childhood overweight/obesity in 2017/18 were low parental education, non-Swiss origin of the parents, low physical activity of the child, and male sex. In conclusion, we have shown a small but significant declining trend in the childhood overweight/obesity prevalence over the past 15 years in Switzerland. Based on the risk factor analysis, preventive action in schoolchildren might be most effective in boys, migrant populations, and families with lower education, and should emphasize physical activity.

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The Implementation of Childhood Obesity Related Policy Interventions in Malaysia—A Non Communicable Diseases Scorecard Project

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5950

Author(s):

Wilfred Kok Hoe Mok ◽

Noran Naqiah Hairi ◽

Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ◽

Feisul Idzwan Mustapha ◽

Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Current Status ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Modified Delphi ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

The Government

(1) Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased tremendously in the ASEAN region, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, the National Strategic Plan for Non-Communicable Diseases (2015–2025) provides the overall framework for its response to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) epidemic. Preventing childhood obesity is one of the key strategies for early intervention to prevent NCDs. The objective of this research is to examine the current status of policy interventions in addressing childhood obesity in Malaysia. (2) Methods: A panel of 22 stakeholders and experts from Malaysia, representing the government, industry, academia and non-governmental organizations, were sampled using a modified Delphi technique. Data were collected using a modified NCD scorecard under four domains (governance, risk factors, surveillance and research and health systems response). A heat map was used to measure the success of the four realms of the NCD scorecard. For each domain of the NCD scorecard, the final score was grouped in quintiles. (3) Results: A total of 22 participants responded, comprising of eight (36.4%) males and 14 (63.4%) females. All the domains measured in implementing policies related to childhood obesity were of low progress. Nine governance indicators were reported as 22.5% (low progress), four in the risk factors domain, and two in the surveillance. This shows that timely and accurate monitoring, participatory review and evaluation, and effective remedies are necessary for a country’s surveillance system. (4) Conclusion: Although Malaysia has published several key strategic documents relating to childhood obesity and implemented numerous policy interventions, we have identified several gaps that must be addressed to leverage the whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach in addressing childhood obesity in the country.

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A-qCPR risk score screening model for predicting 1-year mortality associated with hospice and palliative care in the emergency department

Palliative Medicine ◽

10.1177/0269216320972041 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 026921632097204

Author(s):

Ruei-Fang Wang ◽

Chao-Chih Lai ◽

Ping-Yeh Fu ◽

Yung-Chung Huang ◽

Sheng-Jean Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Group Performance ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Screening Model

Background: Evaluating the need for palliative care and predicting its mortality play important roles in the emergency department. Aim: We developed a screening model for predicting 1-year mortality. Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with 1-year mortality. Our risk scores based on these significant risk factors were then developed. Its predictive validity performance was evaluated using area under receiving operating characteristic analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation. Setting and participants: Patients aged 15 years or older were enrolled from June 2015 to May 2016 in the emergency department. Results: We identified five independent risk factors, each of which was assigned a number of points proportional to its estimated regression coefficient: age (0.05 points per year), qSOFA ⩾ 2 (1), Cancer (4), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score ⩾ 2 (2), and Do-Not-Resuscitate status (3). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of our screening tool given the cutoff larger than 3 points were 0.99 (0.98–0.99), 0.31 (0.29–0.32), 0.26 (0.24–0.27), and 0.99 (0.98–1.00), respectively. Those with screening scores larger than 9 points corresponding to 64.0% (60.0–67.9%) of 1-year mortality were prioritized for consultation and communication. The area under the receiving operating characteristic curves for the point system was 0.84 (0.83–0.85) for the cross-validation model. Conclusions: A-qCPR risk scores provide a good screening tool for assessing patient prognosis. Routine screening for end-of-life using this tool plays an important role in early and efficient physician-patient communications regarding hospice and palliative needs in the emergency department.

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Childhood Obesity: Risk Factors and Preventive Measures

Medical & Clinical Research ◽

10.33140/mcr.04.05.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Common People ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

Hormonal Imbalance ◽

The Future ◽

Obesity Risk Factors

The obesity epidemic has grown worldwide in both the developed and developing countries. We are the “present” of the era with ever increasing growth of obesity; the coming generation is our “future”. Future of obesity largely depends on how we are handling it in present. Overweight and obesity prevailing in children has multiple causes from genetic factor, hormonal imbalance to environmental factors, lifestyle preferences and cultural practice. Keeping apart the hormonal, genetic and any physiological causes of obesity which are not in direct control, the remaining factors such as lifestyle, environment and cultural background which can be modulate to help eliminating percentage of existing and future obesity. Evidences have suggested that the major cause of obesity is imbalance between food habits and physical activity. Additional factors as per the recent researches show that excessive use of smart phones has increased the overweight issues and also increases the anxiety among the user. Childhood obesity has maximum chances to develop into adulthood obesity. Therefore, to eradicate the future obesity, there is need to increase the awareness of do's & don'ts to prevent obesity and also the educate common people to know about the pros & cons of obesity. This paper is inclined towards the various risk factors of childhood obesity, and also pointing some preventive and educational measure to avoid obesity in the future.

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Proportion of Obesity and Presence of Risk Factors in Obese Children in Primary Schools in Rajshahi City

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v33i2.51338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Fardoushi Begum ◽

Abu Sayed ◽

Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽

Nigar Sultana ◽

Md Belal Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Primary Schools ◽

National Level ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

P Value ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Obese Children ◽

Rajshahi City

Background: The highest prevalence rates of childhood obesity have been observed in developed countries, however, its prevalence is increasing in developing countries as well. Early detection of obesity and identification of risk factors are the key to successful prevention of obesity. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the proportion of obesity and presence of risk factors in obese children in primary schools of Rajshahi city. Methodology: This cross sectional study included total 225 children chosen from different primary schools of Rajshahi city during the school year 2016-2017. Data collection tool used for the study was an interview schedule and this predesigned questionnaire. The main outcome measures were obesity and risk factors prevalent in the obese school children. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and ‘Chi square’ test was applied for the test of significance. Result: Among the total 225 respondent, 121 (53.8%) were male, while 104 (46.2%) were females, with a mean age of 7.9 ±1.1 years. The mean and standard deviation of anthropometric measurement were weight 22.7±5.3 kg, height 120±8.1 cm and BMI 15.5±2.1 kg/m. Out of 225 participants, 2.7% (total 6) were overweight, 5.3% (total 12 students) were obese, 83.6% (total 188 students) were normal weight and 8.4% (total 19 students) were underweight. The rate of obesity was highest at the age of 8-9 years (10.7%) and overweight were highest at the age of 9-10 years (5.5%). Playing, biking regularly was strongly associated with fewer incidence of overweight and obesity (p value -.001). Faulty dietary habit, having more fast food, chocolate, sugary juice lead to a higher BMI and more fresh fruit and vegetables had lower BMI (p value .001). Conclusion: This study shows that childhood obesity is on rise in our country. Addressing the problem at its earliest could be achieved through identifying high risk groups and planning early intervention. Effective interventions and preventive strategies should be instituted at local and national level to reduce the incidence and comorbidities associated with obesity. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 39-45

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Association Between Adolescent Body Mass Index and Adulthood Smoking

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/nty183 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1629-1635 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Fang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Body Mass ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

The United States ◽

Adolescent Females ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Past

Abstract Introduction Studies increasingly find a prospective association between adolescent weight status and adverse physical health outcomes. However, less is known about the long-term consequences of adolescent body weight on the adoption of health-risk behaviors. This study sought to determine whether adolescent body mass index (BMI) was associated with cigarette smoking in adulthood. Methods Six thousand six hundred eighty-three nonsmoking adolescents were interviewed at baseline (1996, age 11–20) and at follow-up (2008, age 24–32) as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. Logistic and fractional regression models tested the association between adolescent BMI and smoking status and frequency in adulthood. Respondent weight and height were measured at baseline and converted into age and sex-specific BMI z-scores. Being a smoker was defined as smoking at least once in the past 30 days, while smoking frequency was defined as the proportion of days smoked over the past 30 days. Both outcomes were measured at follow-up. Results Adolescent BMI was positively associated with the transition from nonsmoking to smoking 12 years later for women but not men. Adolescent BMI was also positively associated with smoking frequency among women smokers. Both associations persisted after adjusting for established risk factors and were robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Adolescent BMI was strongly associated with increased cigarette smoking behavior in adulthood for women, even after adjusting for important risk factors. Implications Using a large, nationally representative sample, this study found that adolescent BMI was positively associated with smoking behavior during adulthood for women but not men. These results have potentially important public health implications for future smoking rates in the United States, as the prevalence of overweight and obesity among US adolescent females continues to grow. Thus, it may be important for smoking prevention interventions to prioritize overweight adolescent females moving forward.

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BIRTH WEIGHT, WEIGHT GAIN, AND OBESITY AMONG CHILDREN IN URUGUAY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY SINCE BIRTH

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Pereyra ◽

Andrea Gómez ◽

Karina Jaramillo ◽

Augusto Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Breastfeeding Duration

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the effect of birth weight and subsequent weight gain on children being overweight and obese in serial assessments of Uruguayan children living at urban areas. Methods: We used secondary data of pediatric anthropometric measurements and health and socioeconomic characteristics of families that were included in a longitudinal and prospective nationally representative survey (“Encuesta de Nutrición, Desarrollo Infantil y Salud”). The associations of conditional weight gain, being overweight and obesity were tested through correlation coefficients. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were performed to calculate the effect of birth weight on childhood obesity and were adjusted for covariates. Results: For macrosomic babies, there was an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 70% compared with non-macrosomic babies, when we adjusted for sex, exclusive breastfeeding duration, and household income. The correlation between weight gain and the body mass index for age indicated that the greatest (positive) difference in Z score between measurements increased the obesity levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ensuring optimal birth weight and monitoring and controlling posterior weight gain represent the first steps toward primary prevention of childhood obesity.

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Obesity and overweight among childhood in France: a systematic review

American Journal of BioMedicine ◽

10.18081/2333-5106/016-288-300 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 289-300

Author(s):

Dominique Charles ◽

Lea Williams

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Socioeconomic Groups ◽

The Past ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Racial Ethnic

The childhood obesity has been a dramatic increase during the past 3 decades. The rate has more than tripled, and the current prevalence remains high among children across most age, sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. The search was carried out using Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and Scopus considering articles published from February 17, 1998 until February 2, 2014 reported the prevalence of overweight/ obesity among childhood samples. Only original studies which met the eligible criteria were included in this review. Purpose of present study is to describe the prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity, as well as its co-existence with stunting, among childhood. Prevalence and odds of obesity and overweight, differentials in which were examined by bivariate and logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of overweight and obese childhood increased significantly between 1998 and 2014.Tthe prevalence of overweight and obese childhood was 35.0-48.8 (95% CI: 36.6-27.1, 48.2-52.4), and 22.3-36.7 (95% CI: 22.2-33.0, 34.9-36.8). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in France childhood were low in 1998 and there has been a rapid increase since then. If this trend continues, overweight will soon reach epidemic proportions.

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Risk factors for childhood obesity in a Greek paediatric population

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009993156 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1535-1539 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dimitrios Papandreou ◽

Pavlos Malindretos ◽

Israel Rousso

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Family History ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

Paediatric Obesity ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Obesity

AbstractObjectiveObesity in children is a serious public health issue in Greece. The purpose of the current study was to identify risk factors such as birth weight, breast-feeding, dietary patterns, family history of obesity and sedentary behaviours that are possibly associated with paediatric obesity.DesignTwo hundred and five overweight and obese children (OW/OB; group 1) aged 7–15 years from eight primary and secondary schools and a control group (group 2) of normal-weight children were matched for age and sex. Overweight and obesity were calculated based on the International Obesity Taskforce criteria. Lifestyle parameters as well as anthropometric data were collected in all children. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for obesity.ResultsBreast-feeding (≥3 months) and leisure-time physical activity proved to be protector factors against obesity (OR = 0·21, 95 % CI 0·11, 0·79, P < 0·001 and OR = 0·87, 95 % CI 0·85, 0·89, P < 0·001 respectively). On the other hand, family history of obesity (OR = 3·79, 95 % CI 2·61, 4·18, P < 0·001), sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (OR = 1·77, 95 % CI 1·03, 2·76, P < 0·001) and watching television (OR = 1·99, 95 % CI 1·54, 2·76, P = 0·04) were found to be positively associated with a higher obesity risk.ConclusionsThe current findings support the literature according to which duration of breast-feeding (<3 months), a family history of obesity, watching television, sedentary lifestyle and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages are important risk factors for childhood obesity. More studies are needed to elucidate the relationship of paediatric obesity and possible predictor factors in order to avoid health consequences in these children later on in life.

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Media Screen time, Physical Activity and Nutritional Indicators as Risk Factors for Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Aguas Zarcas, Costa Rica.

UNED Research Journal ◽

10.22458/urj.v6i2.622 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 181-186

Author(s):

Chloe Souza

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Video Game ◽

Screen Time ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Related Risk

Childhood obesity is an increasingly serious issue worldwide. There is substantial research that explores health problems, psychosocial issues and rising medical costs related to obesity, however, limited research has discovered the etiology and specific risk factors associated with the epidemic. This study sought to understand the prevalence and related risk factors of obesity in rural Aguas Zarcas, Costa Rica in Spring 2011. The sample included 1 025 school-aged children ages four to 18. Each child participating in the study completed a survey that addressed hypothesized risk factors (i.e. media screen time and physical activity). I also measured each subject’s height, weight, and abdominal circumference to determine whether significant relationships existed between the proposed risk factors and the overall rate of obesity among school children. Results showed a positive relationship between screen time (time spent in front of a television, computer, or video game) and BMI/abdominal circumference and a negative relationship between physical activity and BMI/abdominal circumference. Time spent watching television on the weekend was positively correlated to BMI (p < 0,001) and physical activity throughout the week and weekend was negatively correlated with both BMI and abdominal circumference (p < 0,0001). Most children involved in the study fell within healthy height and weight classifications, while 12% were considered obese according to the Center for Disease Control’s BMI standards. Obesity rates were especially high among males and females ages ten through 12. This research serves as a foundation for further exploration of obesity risk factors and prevalence, and can be used to inform policy and programming to prevent the impending rise of childhood obesity in Costa Rica.

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