scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Path through the Immune System

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1324
Author(s):  
Vugar Azizov ◽  
Mario M. Zaiss
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Benefits and harms of different components of human diet have been known for hundreds of years. Alcohol is one the highest consumed, abused, and addictive substances worldwide. Consequences of alcohol abuse are increased risks for diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, and nervous system, as well as reduced immune system function. Paradoxically, alcohol has also been a consistent protective factor against the development of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we focused on summarizing current findings on the effects of alcohol, as well as of its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetate, on the immune system and RA. Heavy or moderate alcohol consumption can affect intestinal barrier integrity, as well as the microbiome, possibly contributing to RA. Additionally, systemic increase in acetate negatively affects humoral immune response, diminishing TFH cell as well as professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) function. Hence, alcohol consumption has profound effects on the efficacy of vaccinations, but also elicits protection against autoimmune diseases. The mechanism of alcohol’s negative effects on the immune system is multivariate. Future studies addressing alcohol and its’ metabolite acetate’s effect on individual components of the immune system remains crucial for our understanding and development of novel therapeutic pathways.

Role of Dendritic Cells in the Rheumatic Diseases Pathogenesis: Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401
Author(s):  
Yuliya D. Kurochkina ◽  
Maxim A. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Existing Data

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that can as stimulate immune response as suppress immune inflamma tion. Recently the role of DCs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the possibility of their application as diagnostic markers and methods of treatment has been studied more and more. It was shown that subpopulations DCs play different role in pathogenesis various autoimmune diseases. Thus, pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis is associated with activity of myeloid DCs and their possibility to present arthritogenic peptides to T-cells. While plasmocytoid DCs are more important in pathogenesis systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. The review presents the results of the latest registered clinical trials about applications DCs in different autoimmune diseases as well as current ideas about functional features DCs during autoimmune diseases. The existing data confirm their possible use as well as the safety of DC in treatment.

scholarly journals Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. eabd7600
Author(s):  
F. Szymczak ◽  
M. L. Colli ◽  
M. J. Mamula ◽  
C. Evans-Molina ◽  
D. L. Eizirik
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Sequencing Data

Autoimmune diseases are typically studied with a focus on the immune system, and less attention is paid to responses of target tissues exposed to the immune assault. We presently evaluated, based on available RNA sequencing data, whether inflammation induces similar molecular signatures at the target tissues in type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We identified confluent signatures, many related to interferon signaling, indicating pathways that may be targeted for therapy, and observed a high (>80%) expression of candidate genes for the different diseases at the target tissue level. These observations suggest that future research on autoimmune diseases should focus on both the immune system and the target tissues, and on their dialog. Discovering similar disease-specific signatures may allow the identification of key pathways that could be targeted for therapy, including the repurposing of drugs already in clinical use for other diseases.

scholarly journals Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: Pathophysiological mechanisms related to innate immune system

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211987614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angélica Pabón-Porras ◽  
Sebastian Molina-Ríos ◽  
Jorge Bruce Flórez-Suárez ◽  
Paola Ximena Coral-Alvarado ◽  
Paul Méndez-Patarroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Systemic Lupus

Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are two highly prevalent autoimmune diseases that generate disability and low quality of life. The innate immune system, a long-forgotten issue in autoimmune diseases, is becoming increasingly important and represents a new focus for the treatment of these entities. This review highlights the role that innate immune system plays in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The role of the innate immune system in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus pathophysiology is not only important in early stages but is essential to maintain the immune response and to allow disease progression. In rheumatoid arthritis, genetic and environmental factors are involved in the initial stimulation of the innate immune response in which macrophages are the main participants, as well as fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In systemic lupus erythematosus, all the cells contribute to the inflammatory response, but the complement system is the major effector of the inflammatory process. Detecting alterations in the normal function of these cells, besides its contribution to the understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, could help to establish new treatment strategies for these diseases.

PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS OF VACCINATION POSSIBILITIES IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: AN APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEM

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
RAJANI R. JOSHI ◽  
BHUVANESWARAN NATARAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Artificial Immune System ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Affinity Maturation ◽  
Artificial Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Experimental Findings

We present an adaptive machine learning model of the humoral immune response. Antigens (epitopes/ids) and antibodies (paratopes/anti-ids) are represented here as sequences of single letter amino acid codes. The model effectively simulates dynamic affinity maturation, memory and associativity. Specific age-function is derived here based on recent experimental findings and is used to incorporate self and non-self antigens. Computational experiments using real data on Type-1 Diabetes and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus offer quantitative elucidation of autoimmunity. The results also provide applications towards vaccine design and possible solution to the therapeutic difficulties in the autoimmune diseases and disorders of the above kind.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Tune the Immune System in Renal Disease: A Focus on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Thrombotic Microangiopathy and ANCA-Vasculitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4194
Author(s):  
Martina Mazzariol ◽  
Giovanni Camussi ◽  
Maria Felice Brizzi
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Systemic Lupus

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are microparticles released in biological fluids by different cell types, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Owing to their ability to carry and transfer biomolecules, EV are mediators of cell-to-cell communication and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The ability of EV to modulate the immune system, the coagulation cascade, the angiogenetic process, and to drive endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of both autoimmune and renal diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of EV in the control of renal homeostasis by acting as intercellular signaling molecules, mediators of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Moreover, circulating EV and urinary EV secreted by renal cells have been investigated as potential early biomarkers of renal injury. In the present review, we discuss the recent findings on the involvement of EV in autoimmunity and in renal intercellular communication. We focused on EV-mediated interaction between the immune system and the kidney in autoimmune diseases displaying common renal damage, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic microangiopathy, and vasculitis. Although further studies are needed to extend our knowledge on EV in renal pathology, a deeper investigation of the impact of EV in kidney autoimmune diseases may also provide insight into renal biological processes. Furthermore, EV may represent promising biomarkers of renal diseases with potential future applications as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine in Autoimmune Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneshwari Sampath ◽  
Priyadarshan Kathirvelu ◽  
Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Autoimmune Condition ◽  
Recent Trends

The role of immune system in our body is to defense against the foreign bodies. However, if the immune system fails to recognize self and non-self-cells in our body leads to autoimmune diseases. Widespread autoimmune diseases are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and more yet to be added to the list. This chapter discusses about how stem cell-based therapies and advancement of regenerative medicine endow with novel treatment for autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, in detail, specific types of stem cells and their therapeutic approach for each autoimmune condition along with their efficiency to obtain desired results are discussed. Ultimately, this chapter describes the recent trends in treating autoimmune diseases effectively using advanced stem cell research.

scholarly journals Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Current Perspectives and Future Directions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ogata ◽  
Toshio Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a cytokine featuring redundancy and pleiotropic activity. While IL-6, when transiently produced, contributes to host defense against acute environmental stress, continuous dysregulated IL-6 production plays a significant pathological role in several systemic autoimmune diseases. In response to the expectation that IL-6 blockade would constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these diseases, tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, was developed. Clinical trials have verified the efficacy and the safety of tocilizumab for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in approval of this innovative biologic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in more than 90 countries worldwide. Pathological analyses of the effect of IL-6 on the development of autoimmune diseases and a considerable number of case reports and pilot studies have also indicated the beneficial effects of this antibody on other systemic autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, and large-vessel vasculitis.

A comparative study on clinical and serological characteristics between patients with rhupus and those with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1226
Author(s):  
Beatriz Frade-Sosa ◽  
Javier Narváez ◽  
Tarek Carlos Salman-Monte ◽  
Raul Castellanos-Moreira ◽  
Vera Ortiz-Santamaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background The concomitant presence of two autoimmune diseases – systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – in the same patient is known as rhupus. We evaluated a group of patients with rhupus to clarify further their clinical, serological and immunogenic features in a multi-centre cohort. In addition, the study aimed to explore the utility of the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) SLE classification criteria in our group of patients with rhupus. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We included rhupus patients from 11 different rheumatology departments, and compared them to SLE and RA patients at a ratio of 2:1. All information was recorded following a pre-established protocol. Results A total of 200 patients were included: 40 rhupus patients and 80 each of SLE and RA patients as controls. Disease duration was similar among SLE and rhupus groups (around 13 years), but the RA group had a significantly lower disease duration. Main clinical manifestations were articular (94.2%), cutaneous (77.5%) and haematological (72.5%). Rhupus patients had articular manifestations similar to those expected in RA. Only 10% of rhupus patients had renal involvement compared with 25% of those with SLE ( p < 0.05), while interstitial lung disease was more common in patients affected by RA. The 2019 EULAR/ACR SLE criteria were met in 92.5% of the rhupus patients and in 96.3% of the SLE cohort ( p > 0.05). Excluding the joint domain, there were no differences between the numbers of patients who met the classification criteria. Conclusion Rhupus patients follow a particular clinical course, with full expression of both SLE and RA in terms of organ involvement, except for a lower prevalence of kidney affection. The new 2019 EULAR/ACR SLE criteria are not useful for differentiating SLE and rhupus patients. A new way of classifying autoimmune diseases is needed to identify overlapping clusters.

scholarly journals Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2115
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Ferret-Bernard ◽  
Laurence Le Normand ◽  
Véronique Romé ◽  
Cindy Le Bourgot ◽  
Julie Seeboth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
The Impact

The early life period is crucial for the maturation of the intestinal barrier, its immune system, and a life-long beneficial host–microbiota interaction. The study aims to assess the impact of a beneficial dietary (short-chain fructooligosaccharides, scFOS) supplementation vs. a detrimental dietary environment (such as mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, DON) on offspring intestinal immune system developmental profiles. Sows were given scFOS-supplemented or DON-contaminated diets during the last 4 weeks of gestation, whereas force-feeding piglets with DON was performed during the first week of offspring life. Intestinal antigen-presenting cell (APC) subset frequency was analyzed by flow cytometry in the Peyer’s patches and in lamina propria and the responsiveness of intestinal explants to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands was performed using ELISA and qRT-PCR from post-natal day (PND) 10 until PND90. Perinatal exposure with scFOS did not affect the ontogenesis of APC. While it early induced inflammatory responses in piglets, scFOS further promoted the T regulatory response after TLR activation. Sow and piglet DON contamination decreased CD16+ MHCII+ APC at PND10 in lamina propria associated with IFNγ inflammation and impairment of Treg response. Our study demonstrated that maternal prebiotic supplementation and mycotoxin contamination can modulate the mucosal immune system responsiveness of offspring through different pathways.

scholarly journals Bone Loss Triggered by the Cytokine Network in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulshara Sachini Amarasekara ◽  
Jiyeon Yu ◽  
Jaerang Rho
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases

Bone remodeling is a lifelong process in vertebrates that relies on the correct balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Bone loss and fracture risk are implicated in inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The network of inflammatory cytokines produced during chronic inflammation induces an uncoupling of bone formation and resorption, resulting in significant bone loss in patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Here, we review and discuss the involvement of the inflammatory cytokine network in the pathophysiological aspects and the therapeutic advances in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.

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