scholarly journals Effects of Whole-Grain and Sugar Content in Infant Cereals on Gut Microbiota at Weaning: A Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Diaz ◽  
Maria Jose Bernal ◽  
Sophie Schutte ◽  
Empar Chenoll ◽  
Salvador Genovés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
Weaning Foods ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Supporting Effect

The introduction of complementary foods during infancy marks an important step in the development of the infant gut microbiome. Infant cereals are popular weaning foods but consistent evidence on their effect on the intestinal microbiota, especially when differing in nutritional quality, is lacking. Fecal samples from 4–7-month-old Spanish infants who consumed infant cereals differing in whole grain and sugar content as first weaning foods were analyzed on changes in microbial composition by massively parallel sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene at baseline and after 7 weeks of intervention. Samples were obtained from a previous trial conducted in Spain demonstrating whole-grain cereal acceptability. In total, samples of 18 infants consuming 0% whole grain cereals with 24 g sugar (0-WG) and 25 infants consuming 50% whole grain cereals with 12 g sugar (50-WG) were analyzed. Microbial composition changed significantly over time (p = 0.001), per intervention group (p = 0.029) and per infant (p = 0.001). Abundance of genus Veillonella increased in both groups while Enterococcus decreased. Within the 0-WG group, phylum Actinobacteria decreased along with genus Bifidobacterium. In the 50-WG, we observed an increase in Lachnoclostridium and Bacteroides. In addition, 50-WG decreased Proteobacteria and Escherichia to levels lower than 0-WG. Although weaning itself appeared to be responsible for most changes, the increased presence of anaerobic fermenters together with inhibition of pathogenic Escherichia may indicate a supporting effect of infant cereals with 50% whole grains and a reduced sugar content over infant cereals manufactured with refined hydrolyzed flours on the infant microbiota. In fact, using a novel methodology for the identification of microbial signatures, we found two groups of microbial taxa predictive of infants consuming enriched whole-grain infant cereals with a high predictive value of about 93%.

The effects of whole grain intake on anthropometric measures in overweight and obese children: a crossover randomised clinical trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Parisa Hajihashemi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Mahin Hashemipour ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Grain Foods

Abstract Whole-grain foods have been reported to affect body weight and satiety. However, we are aware of no study in this regard among children. The present study aimed to determine the effects of whole grain consumption on anthropometric measures in overweight or obese children. In this randomised crossover clinical trial, forty-four overweight or obese girls participated. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to either intervention (n 44) or non-intervention (n 44) groups. Subjects in the intervention group were given a list of whole-grain foods and were asked to obtain half of their grain servings from these foods each day for 6 weeks. Individuals in the non-intervention group were asked not to consume any of these foods. A 4-week washout period was applied. Then, participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. The measurements were done before and after each phase. Mean age, weight and BMI of participants were 11·2 (sd 1·49) years, 51·2 (sd 10·2) kg and 23·5 (sd 2·5) kg/m2, respectively. Despite the slight reduction in weight and BMI, there were no significant differences in changes in these anthropometric measures. We found a significant effect of whole grain intake on waist circumference (−2·7 v. 0·3 cm, P = 0·04). No significant changes in hip circumference were observed. Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity were not significantly different. This study indicated a beneficial effect of whole-grain foods on waist circumference in overweight children; however, these foods did not influence weight and BMI.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbial Communities in Gochujang, a Traditional Korean Fermented Hot Pepper Paste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-A Ryu ◽  
Eiseul Kim ◽  
Mi-Ju Kim ◽  
Shinyoung Lee ◽  
Sung-Ran Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

Gochujang is a Korean fermented hot pepper paste beneficial to human health by providing various nutrients. In this study, its physicochemical characteristics were identified, and its microbial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The interrelationship between physicochemical characteristics and microbial composition was investigated to reveal the properties of gochujang before and after fermentation. After fermentation, all samples showed decreased salt concentration, pH, and reducing sugar content, while the acidity and amino-type nitrogen increased. The water content, salt concentration, amino-type nitrogen, and reducing sugar differed according to the batches of samples. Bacillus, Aerosakkonema, and Enterococcus were identified as the predominant bacterial genera. Furthermore, Aerosakkonema was the most abundant genus before fermentation; however, it was replaced by Bacillus as it decreased after fermentation. For the fungi, Aspergillus dominated before fermentation, whereas Zygosaccharomyces and Millerozyma dominated after fermentation. The high level of amino-type nitrogen in gochujang was related to the relative abundance of B. haynesii/B. licheniformis before fermentation. Additionally, the high abundance of Z. rouxii after fermentation was related to the flavor of gochujang. This comprehensive analysis of the microbial community associated with the physicochemical properties of gochujang could help in understanding the factors affecting the quality of the product.

scholarly journals Whole-grain consumption and its effects on hepatic steatosis and liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Dorosti ◽  
Ali Jafary Heidarloo ◽  
Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a considerable challenge to public health across the globe. Whole grain is highly recommended as an inseparable part of a healthy diet and has been proposed as an effective way to manage NAFLD. The objective in the present study was to evaluate the effects of whole-grain consumption on hepatic steatosis and liver enzymes as primary outcomes in patients with NAFLD. Over the 12 weeks of this open-label, randomised controlled clinical trial, 112 patients (mean age 43 (sd 8·7) years; BMI 32·2 (sd 4·3) kg/m2) were randomly assigned to two groups to receive dietary advice, either to obtain at least half of their cereal servings each day from whole-grain foods or from usual cereals. By the end of the study, the grades of NAFLD showed a significant decrease in the intervention group (P < 0·001). In addition, a significant reduction in serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (P < 0·001), aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0·001), γ-glutamyltransferase (P = 0·009), systolic blood pressure (P = 0·004) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0·008) was observed in the intervention group compared with the control group. After adjusting, however, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of lipid profile, glycaemic status and anthropometric measurements. Overall, our study demonstrated that consumption of whole grains for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis and liver enzymes concentrations in patients with NAFLD.

Respiratory and Gut Microbiota of Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jannaina Ferreira de Melo Vasco ◽  
Carlos A. Riedi ◽  
Camila Marconi ◽  
Keite S. Nogueira ◽  
Luiza Souza Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Stool Samples

Differences in the clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis (CF) may be due to microbiota components and their relationship with the host’s immune system. In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the composition of the respiratory and gut microbiota of a cohort of clinically stable children with CF, homozygous for the p.Phe508del mutation. Oropharyngeal swabs and stool samples were obtained from these children attending the CF referral clinics at the Hospital of Clinics, Federal University Paraná (CHC – UFPR). Oropharyngeal and gut microbiota were assessed by V3-V4 sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA, and bioinformatics analyses were performed using a proprietary pipeline. We identified a total of 456 bacterial taxa belonging to 164 genera, of which 65 (39.6 %) were common to both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Taxa from eight genera dominated more than 75 % of the microbial composition of both the niches. Among these dominant taxa, only Prevotella spp. were common to both the sites. Overall, the respiratory and gut microbiota were homogeneous among all the patients. Longitudinal studies targeting a larger cohort are important for an improved understanding of how the composition of bacterial communities is related to changes in the clinical status of CF

Gut Microbiota Changes and Their Correlation with Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yunzhe Zhou ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Meina Quan ◽  
Huiying Zhao ◽  
Jianping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
State Examination

Background: Gut microbiota can influence human brain function and behavior. Recent studies showed that gut microbiota might play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To investigate the composition of gut microbiota in AD patients and their association with cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Methods: The fecal samples from 60 AD patients (30 with NPS and 30 without NPS) and 32 healthy control subjects (HC) were collected and analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The functional variations of gut microbiota were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. The correlation between different bacterial taxa and cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)), and NPS measures were analyzed. Results: The fecal microbial composition of AD patients was quite distinct from HC. Bifidobacterium, Sphingomonas, Lactobacillus, and Blautia were enriched, while Odoribacter, Anaerobacterium, and Papillibacter were reduced. AD patients with NPS showed decreased Chitinophagaceae, Taibaiella, and Anaerobacterium compared with those without NPS. Functional pathways were different between AD and HC, and between AD patients with and without NPS. Correlation analysis showed that Sphingomonas correlated negatively with MMSE; Anaerobacterium and Papillibacter correlated positively with MMSE and negatively with CDR. Cytophagia, Rhodospirillaceae, and Cellvibrio correlated positively with NPS, while Chitinophagaceae, Taibaiella, and Anaerobacterium correlated negatively with NPS. Conclusion: AD patients have gut microbiota alterations related to cognition, and differential taxa between AD patients with and without NPS associated differently with NPS domains, which helps further understand the pathogenesis of AD and explore potential therapeutic targets.

Can we modulate the breastfed infant gut microbiota through maternal diet?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar S Sindi ◽  
Donna T Geddes ◽  
Mary E Wlodek ◽  
Beverly S Muhlhausler ◽  
Matthew S Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Breastfed Infant ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
And Function ◽  
Microbiome Data

Abstract Initial colonisation of the infant gut is robustly influenced by regular ingestion of human milk, a substance that contains microbes, microbial metabolites, immune proteins, and oligosaccharides. Numerous factors have been identified as potential determinants of the human milk and infant gut microbiota, including maternal diet; however, there is limited data on the influence of maternal diet during lactation on either of these. Here, we review the processes thought to contribute to human milk and infant gut bacterial colonisation and provide a basis for considering the role of maternal dietary patterns during lactation in shaping infant gut microbial composition and function. Although only one observational study has directly investigated the influence of maternal diet during lactation on the infant gut microbiome, data from animal studies suggests that modulation of the maternal gut microbiota, via diet or probiotics, may influence the mammary or milk microbiota. Additionally, evidence from human studies suggests that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect the gut microbiota of the breastfed infant. Together, there is a plausible hypothesis that maternal diet during lactation may influence the infant gut microbiota. If substantiated in further studies, this may present a potential window of opportunity for modulating the infant gut microbiome in early life.

scholarly journals Ribo-Pop: Simple, cost-effective, and widely applicable ribosomal RNA depletion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Thompson ◽  
Maria Kiourlappou ◽  
Ilan Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Probe Selection ◽  
Sequencing Library ◽  
Input Range ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Rna Depletion ◽  
Oligo Design

ABSTRACTThe measurement of RNA abundance derived from massively parallel sequencing experiments is an essential technique. Methods that reduce ribosomal RNA levels are usually required prior to sequencing library construction because ribosomal RNA typically comprises the vast majority of a total RNA sample. For some experiments, ribosomal RNA depletion is favored over poly(A) selection because it offers a more inclusive representation of the transcriptome. However, methods to deplete ribosomal RNA are generally proprietary, complex, inefficient, applicable to only specific species, or compatible with only a narrow range of RNA input levels. Here, we describe Ribo-Pop (ribosomal RNA depletion for popular use), a simple workflow and antisense oligo design strategy that we demonstrate works over a wide input range and can be easily adapted to any organism with a sequenced genome. We provide a computational pipeline for probe selection, a streamlined 20-minute protocol, and ready-to-use oligo sequences for several organisms. We anticipate that our simple and generalizable “open source” design strategy would enable virtually any lab to pursue full transcriptome sequencing in their organism of interest with minimal time and resource investment.

scholarly journals Treatment of Childhood Obesity Based on Brazilian Dietary Guidelines Plus Energy Restriction (PAPPAS HUPE Study): Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

10.2196/16170 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e16170
Author(s):  
Joana Maia Brandao ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Simone Augusta Ribas ◽  
Eliseu Verly-Jr ◽  
Rosangela Alves Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
National Council ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population relies on natural or minimally processed foods mainly of plant origin such as beans and rice with low oil, salt, and sugar content and limited consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Reduction of ultraprocessed foods improves diet quality and energy consumption. Objective The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for the treatment of obesity in children, with counseling based on the Brazilian Food Guide plus control of total energy intake. Methods A parallel, randomized clinical trial will include children aged 7 to 12 years. Randomization will be performed in blocks of 10 individuals using computer-generated random sequence numbers. Both the control and intervention groups will participate in 6 standardized educational activities based on the 10 steps of the Brazilian Food Guide. These activities will be conducted at the University Hospital Toy Library, located in the pediatric outpatient clinic. For the intervention group, in addition to the educational activities, an individualized food plan based on the nutritional recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics will be prescribed and discussed with the mothers and fathers. The primary outcome of the study will be variations in body mass index, and secondary outcomes will include analysis of insulin resistance, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and waist and neck circumference. Results This project was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development in December 2017 (grant no 408333/2017-0). Recruitment began in August 2018 and by September 2019, we had enrolled the 101 participants. In addition to the patients referred by the national system of regulation, recruitment was made by medical outpatient referral and external indication. This is an ongoing study. We expect the results to be published in November 2020. Conclusions At the end of the project, in case of a positive result, a protocol for the treatment of obesity based on the Brazilian Food Guide will be proposed to the Unified Health System. A successful method to reduce childhood obesity is expected. Trial Registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-3st5sn; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3st5sn International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16170

scholarly journals Treatment of Childhood Obesity Based on Brazilian Dietary Guidelines Plus Energy Restriction (PAPPAS HUPE Study): Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Maia Brandao ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Simone Augusta Ribas ◽  
Eliseu Verly-Jr ◽  
Rosangela Alves Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
National Council ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

BACKGROUND The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population relies on natural or minimally processed foods mainly of plant origin such as beans and rice with low oil, salt, and sugar content and limited consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Reduction of ultraprocessed foods improves diet quality and energy consumption. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for the treatment of obesity in children, with counseling based on the Brazilian Food Guide plus control of total energy intake. METHODS A parallel, randomized clinical trial will include children aged 7 to 12 years. Randomization will be performed in blocks of 10 individuals using computer-generated random sequence numbers. Both the control and intervention groups will participate in 6 standardized educational activities based on the 10 steps of the Brazilian Food Guide. These activities will be conducted at the University Hospital Toy Library, located in the pediatric outpatient clinic. For the intervention group, in addition to the educational activities, an individualized food plan based on the nutritional recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics will be prescribed and discussed with the mothers and fathers. The primary outcome of the study will be variations in body mass index, and secondary outcomes will include analysis of insulin resistance, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and waist and neck circumference. RESULTS This project was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development in December 2017 (grant no 408333/2017-0). Recruitment began in August 2018 and by September 2019, we had enrolled the 101 participants. In addition to the patients referred by the national system of regulation, recruitment was made by medical outpatient referral and external indication. This is an ongoing study. We expect the results to be published in November 2020. CONCLUSIONS At the end of the project, in case of a positive result, a protocol for the treatment of obesity based on the Brazilian Food Guide will be proposed to the Unified Health System. A successful method to reduce childhood obesity is expected. CLINICALTRIAL Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-3st5sn; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3st5sn INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/16170

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