scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Obesity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Lynch Syndrome: The Impact of Sex and Genetics

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1736
Author(s):  
Matteo Lazzeroni ◽  
Federica Bellerba ◽  
Mariarosaria Calvello ◽  
Finlay Macrae ◽  
Aung Ko Win ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

There appears to be a sex-specific association between obesity and colorectal neoplasia in patients with Lynch Syndrome (LS). We meta-analyzed studies reporting on obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in LS patients to test whether obese subjects were at increased risk of cancer compared to those of normal weight. We explored also a possible sex-specific relationship between adiposity and CRC risk among patients with LS. The summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated through random effect models. We investigated the causes of between-study heterogeneity and assessed the presence of publication bias. We were able to retrieve suitable data from four independent studies. We found a twofold risk of CRC in obese men compared to nonobese men (SRR = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.23–3.55, I2 = 33%), and no indication of publication bias (p = 0.13). No significantly increased risk due to obesity was found for women. A 49% increased CRC risk for obesity was found for subjects with an MLH1 mutation (SRR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.11–1.99, I2 = 0%). These results confirm the different effects of sex on obesity and CRC risk and also support the public measures to reduce overweight in people with LS, particularly for men.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Contraceptives and cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and metanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Giacchetta ◽  
M Chiavarini ◽  
G Naldini ◽  
R Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The probability of developing invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is higher in women than in men up until the age of 49. Several studies investigated the association between hormonal factors and CMM. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence on the association between Oral Contraceptives (OC) and the risk of CMM. Methods This review and meta-analysis follow the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Web of Science until December 2019. Studies were eligible if reported a risk estimate for the association between OC and CMM. Heterogeneity testing was performed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and Begg's test. Meta-analysis was performed using random effect model. Results The results of the pooled analysis of all 32 studies showed no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.11; I2=39.32%, p = 0.013). The stratified analyses by study design found no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM neither in the 18 case-control studies (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.87-1.21; I2=56.91%, p = 0.002) nor in the 14 cohort studies (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.98-1.11; I2=0.00%, p = 0.557). No significant publication bias could be detected by Egger's test or Begg's test. Conclusions This meta-analysis of available literature suggests no significant association between OC and the risk of developing CMM. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the possible relationship of OC use and other hormonal factors potentially contributing to the increased risk of CMM in women during their reproductive years. Key messages Oral contraceptives (OC) do not significantly contribute to the risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM). Further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of other hormonal factors in the increased probability of developing CMM in women during their reproductive years.

scholarly journals Cancer Risk in Children and Young Adults (Offspring) Born after Medically Assisted Reproduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

J ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-448
Author(s):  
Manuela Chiavarini ◽  
Andrea Ostorero ◽  
Giulia Naldini ◽  
Roberto Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Medically Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Many studies have investigated the relationship between medically assisted reproduction (MAR) and health outcomes, particularly cancer, in the offspring. This meta-analysis investigated the association between MAR and childhood cancer. Data sources were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up until June 2018. From the selected studies, we extracted the cancer risk estimates of the exposure of interest (MAR, assisted reproductive technology—ART, and in fitro fertilization—IVF). We conducted the meta-analysis using a random effects model. The outcomes of interest were childhood cancers, classified according to the international classification of childhood cancer (ICCC-3). In our meta-analysis (18 cohort and 15 case-control studies) the overall cancer risk was significantly increased in children conceived by MAR, ART, or IVF. MAR and ART significantly increased the risk for hematological tumors, hepatic tumors, and sarcomas (odds ratio (OR) 1.54; 95% CI 1.18–2.02 and OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.34–2.74, respectively). MAR increased acute myeloid leukemia risk (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.02–1.95) and ART increased neural cancer risk (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.01–1.46). Our results suggest an increased risk of cancer in children conceived by MAR. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of fertility treatments, parental subfertility status, and their association on health outcomes in the offspring.

scholarly journals The correlation between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene 677C > T polymorphism and fetal congenital defects: A meta-analysis

Pteridines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Dexia Li ◽  
Enxia Wang ◽  
Xia Gao ◽  
Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective To investigate the correlation between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 677C> T polymorphism and fetal congenital defects.Method Original studies relevant to the MTHFR gene 677C>T single nucleotide polymorphism and fetal congenital defects were systematically searched in the electronic databases of Medline, EMBSE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). All relevant publications were screened for inclusion in the present work. The correlation between the MTHFR gene 677C > T single nucleotide polymorphism and the occurrence of fetal congenital defects was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Publication bias was assessed by Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test.Results Nineteen case-control studies were ultimately included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that the general risk of fetal congenital defects was significantly elevated in subjects with the 677T allele of the MTHFR gene in dominant (OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03-1.12, P<0.05), homozygous (OR=1.17,95%CI:1.06-1.30, P<0.05) and recessive genetic models (OR=1.16,95%CI:1.03-1.31, P<0.05) through the random effect method. However, significant publication bias was identified upon pooling the individual data and evaluating the correlation.Conclusion According to the present evidence, the MTHFR gene 677C>T single nucleotide polymorphism is correlated with poor pregnancy outcomes, and subjects with the T allele have an increased risk of developing general fetal congenital defects.

scholarly journals Cancer Incidence in Patients With Acromegaly: A Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2182-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Dal ◽  
Michelle Z Leisner ◽  
Kasper Hermansen ◽  
Dóra Körmendiné Farkas ◽  
Mads Bengtsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Context Acromegaly has been associated with increased risk of cancer morbidity and mortality, but research findings remain conflicting and population-based data are scarce. We therefore examined whether patients with acromegaly are at higher risk of cancer. Design A nationwide cohort study (1978 to 2010) including 529 acromegaly cases was performed. Incident cancer diagnoses and mortality were compared with national rates estimating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). A meta-analysis of cancer SIRs from 23 studies (including the present one) was performed. Results The cohort study identified 81 cases of cancer after exclusion of cases diagnosed within the first year [SIR 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9 to 1.4]. SIRs were 1.4 (95% CI, 0.7 to 2.6) for colorectal cancer, 1.1 (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.1) for breast cancer, and 1.4 (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.6) for prostate cancer. Whereas overall mortality was elevated in acromegaly (SIR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6), cancer-specific mortality was not. The meta-analysis yielded an SIR of overall cancer of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8). SIRs were elevated for colorectal cancer, 2.6 (95% CI, 1.7 to 4.0); thyroid cancer, 9.2 (95% CI, 4.2 to 19.9); breast cancer, 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3); gastric cancer, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9); and urinary tract cancer, 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.3). In general, cancer SIR was higher in single-center studies and in studies with &lt;10 cancer cases. Conclusions Cancer incidence rates were slightly elevated in patients with acromegaly in our study, and this finding was supported by the meta-analysis of 23 studies, although it also suggested the presence of selection bias in some earlier studies.

scholarly journals Apple intake and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2603-2617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Fabiani ◽  
Liliana Minelli ◽  
Patrizia Rosignoli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

AbstractObjectiveConflicting results on the association between fruit consumption and cancer risk have been reported. Little is known about the cancer preventive effects of different fruit types. The present meta-analysis investigates whether an association exists between apple intake and cancer risk.DesignRelevant observational studies were identified by literature search (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase). A random-effect model was used to estimate the cancer risk in different anatomical sites. Between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using adequate statistical tests.ResultsTwenty case–control (three on lung, five on colorectal, five on breast, two on oesophageal, three on oral cavity, two on prostate and one each on pancreas, bladder, larynx, ovary, kidney and brain cancer) and twenty-one cohort (seven on lung, two on colorectal, three on breast and one each on oesophageal, pancreas, bladder, kidney, endometrial, head–neck, urothelial and stomach cancer) studies met the inclusion criteria. Comparing the highest v. lowest level of apple consumption, the reduction of lung cancer risk was statistically highly significant in both case–control (OR=0·75; 95% CI 0·63, 0·88; P=0·001, I2=0 %) and cohort studies (relative risk=0·89; 95% CI 0·84, 0·94; P<0·001, I2=53 %). Instead, in the case of colorectal (OR=0·66; 95% CI 0·54, 0·81; P<0·001, I2=55%), breast (OR=0·79; 95% CI 0·73, 0·87; P<0·001, I2=1 %) and overall digestive tract (OR=0·50; 95% CI 0·36, 0·69; P<0·001, I2=90 %) cancers a significant preventive effect of apples was found only in case–control studies while prospective studies indicated no effect. No evidence of publication bias could be detected for colorectal, oral cavity, oesophageal and breast cancer. However, some confounding effects may be present and related to the consumption of other fruit which have not been considered as adjusting factors.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis indicates that consumption of apples is associated with a reduced risk of cancer in different anatomical sites.

scholarly journals Geographical Distribution of Fast Food and CRC Incidence in Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 193s-193s
Author(s):  
M.-S.K. Ku
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is an increasing trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults who also used to take fast food. However, little is known about the association between fast food and the occurrence of CRC in young adults. Aim: To investigate the impact of fast food diet on the incidence rate of CRC in terms of geographic distribution. Methods: Geographic distribution of fast food diet was measured by the density of fast food stores (numbers of fast food stores/population per 105) according to each county. We summed up total numbers of the fast food stores ranking the top 3 in Taiwan from the corresponding official Web sites. The incidence of CRC from 2004 to 2013 for young adults aged 15 to 49 years old was computed from Interactive Information System of the National Cancer Registry, provided by Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Multilevel random-effect regression model was applied to estimating the effects of geographical location of fast food stores at city/county level on incidence of CRC with adjustment for age and gender at individual level. Results: The incidence rate of CRC in young adults aged 50 years or below was in parallel with the distribution of fast food stores in geographical pattern. After adjusting for age and sex, the results show that an increase in the growth of 1 unit of density in fast food store led to an increase in incidence of CRC by 2%. Approximately 87% accuracy was noted in predicting the highest one-third percentage of incident CRC cases in young adults. Conclusion: The density of fast food stores was highly associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer incidence in young adults. This may account for the increasing trend of CRC in young adults in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis: the impact of co-occurring immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on the disease localization and behavior of Crohn’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110048
Author(s):  
Mohamed Attauabi ◽  
Mirabella Zhao ◽  
Flemming Bendtsen ◽  
Johan Burisch
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are at increased risk of co-occurring immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). As discrepancy exists regarding the phenotypic presentation of CD among patients with such co-occurring IMIDs, we aimed to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis characterizing the phenotype of CD among this subgroup of patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from their earliest records to October 2019 for studies reporting the behavior and localization of CD according to the Vienna or Montreal Classifications and CD-related surgery in patients with co-occurring IMIDs. These studies were the subject of a random effect meta-analysis. Results: After reviewing 24,413 studies, we identified a total of 23 studies comprising 1572 and 35,043 CD patients with and without co-occurring IMIDs, respectively, that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Overall, patients with co-occurring IMIDs were more likely to have upper gastrointestinal inflammation than were patients without co-occurring IMIDs [relative risk (RR) = 1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.04), p = 0.01, I2 = 7%]. In addition, presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was associated with a lower occurrence of ileal affection [RR = 0.44 (95% CI 0.24–0.81), p < 0.01, I2 = 32%], increased occurrence of colonic affection [RR = 1.78 (95% CI 1.33–2.38), p < 0.01, I2 = 32%] and an increased likelihood of non-stricturing and non-penetrating behavior [RR = 1.43 (95% CI 0.97–2.11), p = 0.07, I2 = 86%]. The latter reached significance when cumulating different IMIDs [RR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.09–1.55), p < 0.01, I2 = 88%]. CD patients with PSC also underwent fewer CD-related surgeries [RR = 0.55 (95% CI 0.34–0.88), p = 0.01, I2 = 0%], irrespective of CD location or behavior. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that CD patients with co-existing PSC are likely to have a unique inflammatory distribution primarily confined to the colon, while patients with IMIDs in general have higher likelihood of affection of upper gastrointestinal tract and a non-stricturing and non-penetrating behavior. As such a phenotype of CD is typically associated with a milder disease course; future studies are needed to confirm these results.

scholarly journals The Impact of Delirium On Prognosis In Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jing zhang ◽  
xin wang ◽  
jie wang ◽  
kai liu ◽  
tao he ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inpatient Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The outcomes of post-stroke delirium are inconsistent. Therefore, we conduct a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive description of the impact of delirium on the outcomes including including length of hospital stay and inpatient mortality after stroke. Methods We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to April, 2021. Fixed-effect or random-effect model was used to summary odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD ) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results 13 individual studies with total of 3592 patients met the inclusion criteria. The summary results revealed that stroke patients with delirium increased risk of inpatient mortality (OR = 6.35, 95% CI: 4.35–9.25, p < 0.0001), and had longer length of hospital stay (MD = 5.93, 95% CI: 2.79–9.07, p < 0.0001) compared to non-delirious patients. Conclusions Delirium is associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with stroke, particularly in higher inpatient mortality and longer length of stay. We should pay more attention to this clinical problem and managed appropriately to prevent poor prognosis.

scholarly journals The Impact of Childhood Obesity on the Body Posture: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Molina-Garcia ◽  
Damian Miranda-Aparicio ◽  
Esther Ubago-Guisado ◽  
Celia Alvarez-Bueno ◽  
Jos Vanrenterghem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Genu Valgum ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Lumbar Hyperlordosis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective It has been suggested that overweight/obesity (OW/OB) impairs the normal development of body posture in children and adolescents; however, to date, no study has systematically reviewed or quantified the effect of OW/OB on the development of postural alterations in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the association between OW/OB and postural alterations in children and adolescents and to quantify the evidence on whether children and adolescents with OW/OB have a higher risk of developing postural alterations than their peers of normal weight. Methods PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to March 9, 2020. Studies investigating the association between OW/OB and postural alterations in children and adolescents were selected. Nonoriginal articles, participants with movement pattern diseases, and adolescents studied while pregnant were excluded. Two independent reviewers conducted the study selection and data extraction. Qualitative synthesis of evidence and random effect meta-analyses (risk ratio [RR]) were performed. Results Seventy-three studies (5 longitudinal and 68 cross-sectional) met the inclusion criteria involving 1,757,107 children and adolescents. There was consistent evidence supporting associations of OW/OB with rounded shoulder, lumbar hyperlordosis, genu valgum, and flatfoot. Our meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents with OW/OB had a significantly higher risk of lumbar hyperlordosis (RR = 1.41), genu valgum (RR = 5.92), flatfoot (RR = 1.49), and an overall altered posture (RR = 1.68) when compared with their peers of normal weight. The presence of genu valgum and flatfoot were the most robust results. Conclusions Based on these findings, OW/OB is associated with the presence of postural alterations in children and adolescents. Impact This is the first study that has systematically reviewed the effect of OW/OB on the development of postural alterations in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Dietary Fibre Protective against Colorectal Cancer Patients in Asia: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masrul Masrul ◽  
Ricvan Dana Nindrea
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Random Effect Models

BACKGROUND: The association between dietary fibre and colorectal cancer risk is controversial. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine the dietary fibre protective against colorectal cancer patients in Asia. METHODS: The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published research articles on dietary fibre protective against colorectal cancer patients in Asia published between January 2000 and March 2019 in the online article databases of PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated with fixed and random-effect models. Publication bias was visually evaluated by using funnel plots and statistically assessed through Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Data were processed using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) and Stata version 14.2 (Stata Corporation). RESULTS: This study reviewed 405 articles. There are 10 studies conducted a systematic review and continued with Meta-analysis of relevant data with several sample 49,964 patients. The results showed dietary fibre protective against colorectal cancer patients in Asia (OR = 0.66 [95% CI 0.56-0.77, p=0.008]). There was significant publication bias for studies included in dietary fibre protective against colorectal cancer patients in Asia. CONCLUSION: This analysis confirmed dietary fibre protective against colorectal cancer patients in Asia.

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