scholarly journals Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body—Friend or Foe?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3088
Author(s):  
Kamil Rodak ◽  
Izabela Kokot ◽  
Ewa Maria Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products. It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson’s disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.

DYNAMICS OF SELF-RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS-PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFFESIONALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Kolomiets E.A. ◽  
Kolesnikova G.Y. ◽  
Galaktionov I.V.
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the problem of self-relationship of students-psychologists in the process of professionalization, on the basis of correlation and factor analysis is compared two groups of subjects of junior and senior courses with varying degrees of involvement in the professional activities of a psychologist, analyzes the causes and possible results of changes in self-relationship. The article established the following patterns: motivational and semantic mechanisms of self-development assume the impact on the personality of the future specialist through a change in the meaning of activity. Depending on the level of self-fulfillment of the individual, the appropriate dynamic semantic systems were allocated at different stages of the training. External negative motivation, as professionalization begins to correlate more strongly with both self-esteem and global self-relationship. This is a consequence of the abandonment of externally asked forms of activity in favor of the growth of self-determinized motivational tendencies. The role of external evaluation does not decrease, but the tolerance for being in a highly competitive environment increases. Negative external assessments activate the desire to confirm the level of global self-relationship. Factor analysis allowed us to identify an integral complex of "primary professionalization" that combines high resistance to external negative effects on self-esteem, high conceit, as well as professionally important for the psychologist traits of sensitivity and propensity to carefully analyze behavior. The impact on the formation of a professional psychologist during the course of training can be distinguished by how objectively they are, or perceived subjectively significant for students as controlling, informing or amotivating, how much weight their contribution to the formation of internal motivation of the individual. In particular, the study found that changes in self-relationship at different stages of professionalization lead to the development of sensitivity as a factor of empathy, a number of qualities become self-determinized depending on the degree of importance for the future profession.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the organizational performance of manufacturing firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184797901771262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Adnan Al-Tit
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the individual effects of organizational culture (OC) and supply chain management (SCM) practices on organizational performance (OP) in different settings. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of OC and SCM on OP. The sample of the study consisted of 93 manufacturing firms in Jordan. Data were collected from employees and managers from different divisions using a reliable and valid measurement instrument. The findings confirm that both OC and SCM practices significantly predict OP. The current study is significant in reliably testing the relationship between SCM practices and OP; however, it is necessary to consider cultural assumptions, values and beliefs as the impact of OC on OP is greater than the impact of SCM practices. Based on the results, future studies should consider the moderating and mediating role of OC on the relationship between SCM practices and OP.

Practitioner Review: Continuity and Change: The Fair Work Act in Aviation

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Bussell ◽  
John Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
National Debate ◽  
New Development ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This article begins by discussing the specific industrial relations challenges of the highly competitive aviation industry. It then reflects on the outcome of the recent intense national debate over industrial relations, exploring the consequences of that debate for practice and policy, and discusses some key issues that remain in play. Although the Fair Work Act 2009 may have come about as a reaction to what many perceive as the ‘excesses’ of Work Choices, the new Act does not so much ‘wind back the clock’ as represent a significant new development in Australia’s long and unique industrial relations history. This article will discuss the impact of the changes, to date, made by the Fair Work Act on one organization, including the expansion of the ‘safety net’, and how the new compromise between the role of the ‘collective’ and the role of the ‘individual’ struck by the Act has the potential to fundamentally change the nature and structure of bargaining. We offer these comments as practitioners who have worked under successive industrial relations regimes since the early 1980s.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

The effect of consumers' religiosity on consumer ethics: the mediating role of ethical ideology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denni Arli ◽  
Fandy Tjiptono
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Ethics ◽  
Ethical Ideology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Consumer Ethics Scale ◽  
The Impact

PurposeReligious doctrines generally encourage people to behave ethically. However, in daily life, individuals notice inconsistencies between religious beliefs and behavior, leading them to ask, in the context of commerce, why religious consumers would behave unethically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of consumers' intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on their ethical behavior. Specifically, the moderating effect of ethical ideology on the relationship between Indonesian consumers' religiosity and their ethics was examined by means of a survey.Design/methodology/approachThe data derived from the questionnaire were complemented by convenience samples of Indonesians living in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) in central Java. The researchers distributed 600 questionnaires in two major shopping malls and several housing areas in the region, of which 467 were completed and returned, for an overall response rate of 77.8%.FindingsThe results indicated that the participants' intrinsic religiosity negatively impacted their ethical beliefs and was mediated by their idealistic ethical ideology. The present study also found that idealism had negative effects on three of the four dimensions of the consumer ethics scale (CES) (actively benefiting, passively benefiting and questionable behavior), while relativism had positive effects on two of the dimensions (passively benefiting and questionable behavior.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of the present study was that the analysis did not distinguish among the religions practiced by the respondents to the questionnaire.Originality/valueThis is one of the first few studies investigating the mediating role of ethical ideology in a religious society. This study contributes to the literature on these issues in theoretical and managerial terms by extending the Hunt-Vitell theory (1986) to the context of consumer ethics.

The Evolution of the Role of U.S. School Nurses in Adolescent Mental Health at the Individual, Community, and Systems Level: An Integrative Review

2022 ◽  
pp. 105984052110681
Author(s):  
Ashwini R. Hoskote ◽  
Emily Croce ◽  
Karen E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

School nurses are crucial to addressing adolescent mental health, yet evidence concerning their evolving role has not been synthesized to understand interventions across levels of practice (i.e., individual, community, systems). We conducted an integrative review of school nurse roles in mental health in the U.S. related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. Only 18 articles were identified, published from 1970 to 2019, and primarily described school nurses practicing interventions at the individual level, yet it was unclear whether they were always evidence-based. Although mental health concerns have increased over the years, the dearth of rigorous studies made it difficult to determine the impact of school nurse interventions on student mental health outcomes and school nurses continue to feel unprepared and under supported in this area. More research is needed to establish best practices and systems to support school nursing practice in addressing mental health at all levels of practice.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY ON TOURISTS’ INTENTION TO VISIT GREEN HOTEL: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ATTITUDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Ataul Karim PATWARY ◽  
◽  
Hamimi OMAR ◽  
Shaharuddin TAHIR ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Green Hotel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Green Hotels

Although the hospitality and tourism industries contribute considerably to every country's economy, at the same time, it has negative effects on the climate. Hotel industry operations consume enormous amounts of energy which eventually contribute to environmental degradation. Hotel operations do not only cause environmental issues, but customers also play a significant role in creating these issues. Scholars, mainly in this field, have investigated the causes of environmental degradation from the perspective of hotel operations rather than customers. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of perceived environmental responsibility on tourists' attitude and intention to visit green hotels in Malaysia. It further examined the mediating role of attitude in between perceived environmental responsibility and intention. The study used a quantitative research design and interviewed 393 international tourists in Malaysia using systematic random sampling. For analysis techniques, the study used Structural Equation Modelling by PLS-SEM. The study found that consumers' perceived environmental responsibility influences significantly on tourists' attitude and intention. It also revealed that consumers' attitude mediates the in-between perceived environmental responsibility and intention to visit green hotels in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The role of tourism awareness in developing accessible tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 437-463
Author(s):  
طه مهدي محمود ◽  
حسين محمد علي أسد
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Effective Contribution

Tourism awareness is one of the most important pillars that contribute to the development of the tourism industry in general, and the development of various tourism patterns in particular, and among those patterns are accessible tourism, because of its great importance in reducing the negative effects that may accompany the tourism industry by building educated tourism employees And be aware, knowledgeable and aware of the importance of the accomplishments and successes achieved by the tourism sector and the opportunities that this sector offers and economic opportunities that ultimately reflect on the members of society and the country. Perhaps the sensitivity of dealing with the categories of accessible tourism (those with special needs, the elderly, pregnant women, mothers for young children) need special type employees who possess a set of special skills and experiences in dealing with those groups to make the details of the tourist trip for the concerned individuals, the most important of which is accommodation (the hotel). And to achieve the best possibility to enjoy the tourist activity in general. This research aims to highlight on the role of tourism awareness for a sample of employees of the holy Karbala hotels and their effective contribution to achieve the development of soft tourism by providing high-quality services that reassure the targeted tourists and thus contribute to attract the largest number of them, which is greatly reflected in the development of tourism and making years Coming golden years for this tourist pattern, which is considered an ethical and human duty to care about and develop.

scholarly journals Chemo-mechanical Diffusion Waves Orchestrate Collective Dynamics of Immune Cell Podosomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Gong ◽  
Koen van den Dries ◽  
Alessandra Cambi ◽  
Vivek Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Diffusion Waves ◽  
Mechanical Diffusion ◽  
Mechanical Waves ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Mechanosensing

Immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, can utilize podosomes, actin-rich protrusions, to generate forces, migrate, and patrol for foreign antigens. In these cells, individual podosomes exhibit periodic protrusion and retraction cycles (vertical oscillations) to probe their microenvironment, while multiple podosomes arranged in clusters demonstrate coordinated wave-like spatiotemporal dynamics. However, the mechanisms governing both the individual vertical oscillations and the coordinated oscillation waves in clusters remain unclear. By integrating actin polymerization, myosin contractility, actin diffusion, and mechanosensitive signaling, we develop a chemo-mechanical model for both the oscillatory growth of individual podosomes and wave-like dynamics in clusters. Our model reveals that podosomes show oscillatory growth when the actin polymerization-associated protrusion and the signaling-associated myosin contraction occur at similar rates, while the diffusion of actin monomers within the cluster drives mesoscale coordination of individual podosome oscillations in an apparent wave-like fashion. Our model predicts the influence of different pharmacological treatments targeting myosin activity, actin polymerization, and mechanosensitive pathways, as well as the impact of the microenvironment stiffness on the wavelengths, frequencies, and speeds of the chemo-mechanical waves. Overall, our integrated theoretical and experimental approach reveals how collective wave dynamics arise due to the coupling between chemo-mechanical signaling and actin diffusion, shedding light on the role of podosomes in immune cell mechanosensing within the context of wound healing and cancer immunotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document