Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adolescent Patients with IBD

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The prevalence of both in pediatric populations has been constantly increasing. This study aimed to analyze the diet of adolescent patients with IBD in comparison to healthy controls and the current dietary standards for the Polish population to further their optimal supplementation regimen. The study group consisted of 53 patients (21 girls and 32 boys) with IBD (CD: n = 27; UC: n = 26) at a mean age of 15.4 ± 2.4 and 14.7 ± 2.2, years for girls and boys, respectively. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 patients, and 72 h of recall diaries on nutrition were collected. The nutritional data were analyzed in the Dieta 6D dietary program. When compared to Polish dietary standards, the largest differences girls with IBD and boys with IBD were found for the intake of energy (61.9 and 71.9%), iodine (61.9 and 62.6%), folates (76.2 and 87.5%), vitamin D (100 and 96.9%), potassium (61.9 and 59.4%), and calcium (85.7 and 93.8%). The overconsumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (61.9 and 56.3%) and sodium (76.2 and 90.6%) in girls and boys, respectively, was noted. In relation to girls with CG, girls with IBD showed a significantly higher intake of energy (1751. 3 vs. 1558.6 p = 0.0224), total protein (71.3 vs. 56.2 p = 0.0217), animal protein (47.8 vs. 34.5 p = 0.0183), total carbohydrates (237.3 vs. 196.1 p = 0.0442), and assimilable carbohydrates (219.8 vs. 180.5 p = 0.7921). Boys in the CG consumed significantly more calcium (851.8 vs. 432 p = 0.0006), phosphorus (1024.3 vs. 1357.5 p = 0.0431), lactose (11.6 vs. 6.1 p = 0.0016), and riboflavin (1.7 vs. 1.3 p = 0.0123) compared to boys with IBD. Dietician care should therefore be mandatorily provided alongside outpatient care. Based on our results, we suggest that supplementation with the selected components be considered.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the eating habits of breast cancer patients

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.7.2368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Tuba Kayan Tapan ◽

Zeynep Erdogan Iyigun ◽

Serkan Ilgun ◽

Vahit Ozmen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Vitamin B2 ◽

Breast Cancer Patients

Objective: To determine the relationship between the dietary characteristics of breast cancer patients. Methods: Patients with breast cancer whose treatments have finished and are in remission formed the study group and healthy people formed the control group. Demographic, anthropometric characteristics, food consumption frequency form and exercise status were recorded with all groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS 22. Results: In the study group, mean carbohydrate percentage was lower, while fat, fat percentage, monosaccharide, glucose, fructose, omega3(n3), saturated fatty acids(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), vitamin A, C, E, B6, biotin and copper values were significantly higher (p<0.05). Recurrence was observed in seven patients (7.1%) during the follow-up period, hormone receptor levels (ER) and vitamin B2 intake (accuracy 93.9%) were inversely related to the recurrence of the disease (p=0.02). Conclusions: While the percentage of carbohydrate taken was lower in study group; total fat, n3, SFA, MUFA, monosaccharide, glucose, fructose, water-soluble fiber, B6, biotin and copper values were higher. Further studies are needed for vitamin B2 deficiency in patients with recurrence. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2368 How to cite this:Tapan TK, Iyigun ZE, Ilgun S, Ozmen V. Evaluation of the eating habits of breast cancer patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2368 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download Full-text

Who sleeps better? Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances in adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain or inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls

Theory and Clinical Practice in Pediatrics ◽

10.25082/tcpp.2021.01.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 83-93

Author(s):

Ann-Kristin Manhart ◽

◽

Angelika A. Schlarb ◽

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Sleep Difficulties

Background: Sleep difficulties play an important role in the maintenance and course of chronic abdominal pain disorders (RAP and IBD). Particularly among adolescents with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) or recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), adequate sleep seems to be important, as the diseases self and the associated symptoms can cause distress and impair daytime functioning. Hence it seems adequate to take a closer look concerning the sleep difficulties within the different conditions of abdominal pain especially in comparison to a healthy control. To our knowledge no former study compared sleep problems in youths with RAP and IBD as well as healthy controls. Thus the aim of the present study was to 1) evaluate sleep problems in the RAP and IBD and 2) compare the sleep problems of these abdominal pain diseases with a healthy control group. Methods: 129 adolescents (14-25 years) took part in the online survey, with 58 suffering from IBD, 23 had RAP and 48 healthy controls. Adolescents completed sleep questionnaires as PSQI, SDSC or NEQ. Data was analysed by conducting MANOVAs to test differences between the three groups followed by a post-hoc analyses. Results: Significant differences between both patient groups and healthy controls regarding sleep quality as well as sleep disturbances were found. Results indicate that especially young IBD patients suffered more often from poor sleep quality, sleep disturbances as well as daily effects of nightmares than the control group. The comparison of adolescents with RAP and healthy controls showed elevated scores concerning sleep disturbances for RAP patients. However, IBD and RAP adolescents did not differ significantly concerning most sleep measurements. Discussion: The study at hand was the first to compare adolescents with IBD and RAP regarding sleep difficulties. Adolescents with IBD and RAP have an impaired sleep quality as well as a higher rate of sleep disturbances and suffer from daily effects of nightmares than the control group. Therefore sleep disturbances should be also addressed when treating IBD and RAP patients to prevent further impairments.

Download Full-text

ALTERED RETINAL PERFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH INACTIVE GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.4158/ep-2019-0328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 312-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nataša Mihailovic ◽

Larissa Lahme ◽

Friederike Rosenberger ◽

Michaela Hirscheider ◽

Julia Termühlen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

Study Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Clinical Activity Score ◽

Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽

Radial Peripapillary Capillary

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal and optic nerve head (ONH) perfusion in patients with inactive Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) and compare it to healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with inactive GO (study group) and 29 eyes of 29 healthy subjects (control group) were included in this study. The vessel density (VD) data in the superficial and deep retinal OCT angiogram of the macula and the radial peripapillary capillary network (RPC) were extracted and analyzed. OCTA was performed using RTVue XR Avanti with AngioVue (Optovue Inc, Fremont, CA). Clinical activity was evaluated using the clinical activity score, the severity assessment using the NOSPECS classification. Results: The VD in the superficial OCT angiogram and in the OCT angiogram of the ONH was significantly lower in the GO group when compared to the control group (whole en face, P = .016; parafovea, P = .026; RPC peripapillary, P = .027). There was no significant correlation between VD and functional parameters or the NOSPECS classification. Conclusion: Macular VD and ONH capillary density measured using OCTA were significantly lower in the study group compared to healthy controls. Noninvasive quantitative analysis of retinal perfusion using OCTA could be useful in monitoring patients with GO. Abbreviations: CAS = clinical activity score; GO = Graves ophthalmopathy; OCTA = optical coherence tomography angiography; ONH = optic nerve head; RPC = radial peripapillary capillary; rSp = Spearman's correlation coefficient; VD = vessel density

Download Full-text

Increased Frequency of Left-Handedness in Patients with Unilateral Coronal Synostosis

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/07-232.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 237-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Albert K. Oh ◽

John B. Mulliken ◽

Richard A. LaBrie ◽

Gary F. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Control Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Left Handedness ◽

Coronal Synostosis ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

And Control

Objective: Left-handedness reportedly has been more common in persons with neurological afflictions (e.g., stroke) and malformations (e.g., cleft lip with or without cleft palate) that demonstrate marked unilateral involvement. Coronal synostosis is also more frequently unilateral, affecting the right side more commonly than the left. We sought to compare left-handedness in patients with unilateral coronal synostosis versus healthy controls. Subjects: All patients aged 3 years or older with nonsyndromic unilateral coronal synostosis and healthy controls recruited by pediatricians blinded to the study. Main Outcome Measures: Prospective data obtained for all participants included age, gender, and handedness. In patients with unilateral coronal synostosis, the side of synostosis and age at surgery were documented. Left-handedness in the study and control groups was compared using chi-square analysis. Left-handedness also was analyzed in the study group according to side of fusion. Results: Eighty-six patients with nonsyndromic unilateral coronal synostosis comprised the study group; there were 96 controls. The mean ages of the study (8.8 years) and control groups (9.8 years) were not statistically different (p > .05). There were more girls in the study group (67%) than in the control group (56%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p > .05). Left-handedness was documented in 30.2% of the study group and 11.4% of the control group (p < .005). Left-handedness was twice as common in patients with left versus right unilateral coronal synostosis (44.4% versus 20.4%; p < .05). Conclusions: Left-handedness is nearly three times more common in patients with unilateral coronal synostosis than in controls and four times more likely in patients with left-sided fusion.

Download Full-text

Improvement of Retinal Microcirculation after Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation—An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics12010038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Philipp S. Lange ◽

Natasa Mihailovic ◽

Eliane Esser ◽

Gerrit Frommeyer ◽

Alicia J. Fischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽

Control Group ◽

Flow Density ◽

Study Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

Ocular Perfusion ◽

Before And After

Purpose: To evaluate retinal and optic nerve head (ONH) perfusion in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) before and after catheter ablation of AF with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods: 34 eyes of 34 patients with AF and 35 eyes of 35 healthy subjects were included in this study. Flow density data were obtained using spectral-domain OCT-A (RTVue XR Avanti with AngioVue, Optovue, Inc, Fremont, California, USA). The data of the superficial and deep vascular layers of the macula and the ONH (radial peripapillary capillary network, RPC) before and after PVI were extracted and analysed. Results: The flow density in the superficial OCT-angiogram (whole en face) and the ONH (RPC) in patients with AF was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (OCT-A superficial: study group: 48.77 (45.19; 52.12)%; control group: 53.01 (50.00; 54.25)%; p < 0.001; ONH: study group: 51.82 (48.41; 54.03)%; control group: 56.00 (54.35; 57.70)%; p < 0.001;). The flow density in the ONH (RPC) improved significantly in the study group following PVI (before: 51.82 (48.41; 54.03)%; after: 52.49 (50.34; 55.62)%; p = 0.007). Conclusions: Patients with AF showed altered ocular perfusion as measured using OCTA when compared with healthy controls. Rhythm control using PVI significantly improved ocular perfusion as measured using OCT-A. Non-contact imaging using OCTA provides novel information about the central global microperfusion of patients with AF.

Download Full-text

Oral cavity fungal flora among HIV-positive people

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny ◽

10.32394/pe.74.04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-42

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Fungal Flora ◽

Immunological Status ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients ◽

Species Isolation

BACKGROUND. Immunosuppressed patients, also those who are HIV-positive patients, are susceptible to oral cavity fungal infections. AIM OF STUDY. In this study, we aimed to show differences in qualitative composition of oral cavity flora between HIV-positive people and healthy controls and identify factors which affect fungal oral cavity flora. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study group contained HIV-positive people and a control group of healthy people. All cultured species were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS. RESULTS. More HIV-positive people had two or more fungus species present than controls (p=0.008). Seven species were cultured in the study group compared to three in the control group. Smoking was associated with higher prevalence of C. albicans (p=0.03), C. glabrata (p=0.026), C. tropicalis (p=0.01). Dental prosthesis or braces was also associated with presence of more species (p=0.04).The lower level of lymphocytes CD4+ was not associated with fungus presence in oral cavity. CONCLUSIONS. HIV infection is associated with changes to oral cavity fungal flora. Given the higher number of non-albicans species among HIV-positive patients it is important to individually choose a treatment for such patients’ fungal infections. Proper oral hygene and not smoking can reduce prevalence of fungi in oral cavity. Patients’ immunological status did not have an impact on the frequency of Candida species isolation from the oral cavity.

Download Full-text

Fecal microbiota profile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-51769/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tien-En Chang ◽

Jiing-Chyuan Luo ◽

Ueng-Cheng Yang ◽

Yi-Hsiang Huang ◽

Ming-Chih Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Structural Difference ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

Sequence Variant ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that associated with complicated interaction between immune, gut microbiota and environmental factors in a genetically vulnerable host. Dysbiosis is often seen in patients with IBD. Our aim is to investigate the fecal microbiota in patients with IBD and compared to healthy controls in Taiwan. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we investigated fecal microbiota in 20 patients with IBD and 48 healthy controls. Fecal samples from both IBD patients and controls were analyzed by next-generation sequencing method and relevant software. Results The IBD group showed lower bacterial richness and diversity compared to the control group. The principal coordinate analysis also revealed significant structural difference between the IBD group and the control group. These findings were consistent whether the analysis was based on operational taxonomic unit or amplicon sequence variant. However, no significant difference was found when comparing the composition of fecal microbiota between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Further analysis showed that Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Veillonella were dominant in the IBD group, while Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum were dominant in the control group at genus level. When comparing UC, CD and control group, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus were identified as dominant genera in the UC group. Fusobacterium and Escherichia_Shigella were dominant in the CD group. Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum were dominant in the control group. Conclusions Compared to the healthy control, the IBD group showed dysbiosis with a significant decreased in both richness and diversity of gut microbiota.

Download Full-text

Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Infliximab Combination Therapy: A Multicenter Prospective Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10225362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 5362

Author(s):

Mohammad Shehab ◽

Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽

Fatema Alrashed ◽

Ahmad Alfadhli ◽

Khazna Alotaibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Multicenter Prospective Study ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Healthy Participants

Background: Vaccination is a promising strategy to protect vulnerable groups like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients against COVID-19 and associated severe outcomes. COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials excluded IBD patients taking infliximab with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine (infliximab combination). Therefore, we sought to evaluate serologic responses to COVID-19 vaccination with the mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, in patients with IBD receiving infliximab combination therapy compared with healthy participants. Method: This was a multicenter prospective study. Patients with IBD were recruited at the time of attendance at infusion center between 1 August 2021, and 15 September 2021. Our primary outcome were the concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 4–10 weeks after vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with IBD taking infliximab combination therapy (study group) compared with a healthy participants group (control group). Both study and control groups were matched for age, sex, and time-since-last-vaccine-dose using optimal pair-matching method. Results: In total, 116 participants were recruited in the study, 58 patients in the study group and 58 in the control group. Median (IQR) IgG concentrations were lower in the study group (99 BAU/mL (40, 177)) than the control group (139 BAU/mL (120, 188)) following vaccination (p = 0.0032). Neutralizing antibodies were also lower in the study group compared with the control group (64% (23, 94) vs. 91% (85, 94), p < 0.001). The median IgA levels in the study group were also significantly lower when compared with the control group (6 U/mL (3, 34) vs. 13 U/mL (7, 30), p = 0.0097). In the study group, the percentages of patients who achieved positive IgG, neutralizing antibody and IgA levels were 81%, 75%, and 40%, respectively. In the control group, all participants (100%) had positive IgG and neutralizing antibody levels while 62% had positive IgA levels. Conclusion: In patients with IBD receiving infliximab combination therapy, SARS-CoV2 IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody levels after BNT162b2 vaccination were lower compared with healthy participants. However, most patients treated with infliximab combination therapy seroconverted after two doses of the vaccine.

Download Full-text

ORAL MUCOSA LESIONS AND ORAL SYMPTOMS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032015000200006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Nuno LARANJEIRA ◽

Jorge FONSECA ◽

Tânia MEIRA ◽

João FREITAS ◽

Sara VALIDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Immunosuppressant Therapy ◽

Oral Symptoms ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease is known for its extra intestinal manifestations, the oral cavity is no exception. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and oral mucosa lesions and symptoms, and complementary to evaluate their possible relation with oral hygiene, smoking habits, drug therapy, duration and activity of the disease. Methods Patients were selected from the Gastroenterology Clinic of a Portuguese tertiary referral hospital. This sample consisted of 113 patients previously diagnosed with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease along with a control group of 58 healthy individuals that were accompanying the study group patients to their appointments. Clinical interviews and clinical examinations were performed for data collection. Results The patients in the study group were more affected by oral symptoms (P=0.011), and showed a trend towards a higher incidence of oral mucosal lesions, even though statistical significance was not reached (8.8% versus 3.4% in the control group; P=0.159). Patients in active phase were the most affected. No differences were detected between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, or concerning smoking habits. The corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy seemed to increase the incidence of oral symptoms (P=0.052). The oral mucosa lesions increased and the oral symptoms decreased over the course of the disease, however without statistical significance. Conclusion Oral mucosa’s lesions and oral symptoms were positively associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, mainly during disease activity periods and conceivably, associated with corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy.

Download Full-text

Usefulness of Faecal Calprotectin Measurement in Children with Various Types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2012/608249 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marzena Komraus ◽

Halina Wos ◽

Sabina Wiecek ◽

Maciej Kajor ◽

Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Faecal Calprotectin ◽

Noninvasive Test ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Mean

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of the FC measurement in children with various types of IBD and relation to the disease activity.Patients and Methods. 91 patients (49 boys: 53.85% and 42 girls: 46.15%, mean age: 13.38 years, range 6–18 years) were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into the groups: B1—24 children with CD, B2—16 patients with UC, and a group comprising 31 children with other types of colitis; the control group (K) comprised 20 healthy children. FC was assayed by ELISA method, using Phical test (Calpro).Results. The mean faecal calprotectin concentrations were higher in children with CD and UC as compared to healthy controls, patients with eosinophilic, lymphocytic, and nonspecific colitis. A positive correlation was observed between FC concentrations and the disease activity (the PCDAI scale, the Truelove-Witts Scale, and the endoscopic Rachmilewitz Index).Conclusion. It seems that the FC concentrations can be a useful, safe, and noninvasive test in children suspected for IBD, since FC concentration is higher in children with CD and UC than in patients with other inflammatory diseases.

Download Full-text