APOE ɛ4 Is Associated with Postprandial Inflammation in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Traits

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism impacts blood lipids and biomarkers of oxidation and inflammation, contributing to an isoform-dependent disease risk. We investigated the effect of the APOE genotype on postprandial metabolism after consumption of three different isoenergetic (4200 kJ) meals in older adults with a CVD risk phenotype. In a randomized crossover study, participants with metabolic syndrome traits (APOE E3, n = 39; E4, n = 10; mean age, 70 ± 5 years; BMI 31.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) consumed a Western-like diet high-fat (WDHF), Western-like diet high-carbohydrate (WDHC), or Mediterranean-like diet (MED) meal. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammatory, and oxidative parameters were analyzed in blood samples collected at fasting and 1–5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. The magnitude of the IL-6 increase after the WDHF meal was significantly higher in E4 than in E3 carriers (iAUC: E4 = 7.76 vs. E3 = 2.81 pg/mL × h). The time to detect the IL-6 increase was shorter in the E4 group. All meals produced postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia, without differences between the E3 and the E4 groups. IL-1β and oxidized LDL levels did not change postprandially. In conclusion, APOE E4 carriers display increased postprandial inflammation, indicated by higher postprandial IL-6 increase, when compared to non-carriers.

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Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10070952 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 952 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Christine Tørris ◽

Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽

Marianne Molin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Protective Role ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.

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Reversal Rate of Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in the General Population: The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2010/623593 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shinsuke Okada ◽

Akiko Suzuki ◽

Hiroshi Watanabe ◽

Toru Watanabe ◽

Yoshifusa Aizawa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Reversal Rate ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

The reversal rate from clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors—components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not known.Methods and Results. Among 35,534 subjects who received the annual health examinations at the NiigataHealth Foundation (Niigata, Japan), 4,911 subjects had clustering of 3 or more of the following CVD risk factors: (1) body mass index (BMI) ≥25 Kg/m2, (2) blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg in systolic and/or ≥85 mm Hg in diastolic, (3) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, (4) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL in men, ≤50 mg/dL in women, and (5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. After 5 years 1,929 subjects had a reversal of clustering (39.4%). A reversal occurred more often in males. The subjects with a reversal of clustering had milder level of each risk factor and a smaller number of risk factors, while BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.Conclusion. We concluded that a reversal of clustering CVD risk factors is possible in 4/10 subjects over a 5-year period by habitual or medical interventions. Gender and each CVD risk factor affected the reversal rate adversely, and BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.

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Examining Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiles Among Older Adults With and Without Fibromyalgia

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 430-430

Author(s):

Dylan Serpas ◽

Barbara Cherry ◽

Laura Zettel-Watson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Normal Aging ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Health Profiles

Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Preexisting chronic health conditions may be confer increased CVD risk, specifically fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, stiffness, and concentration problems. CVD risk increases with normal aging; however, characteristics of FM are suggested to exacerbate health profiles in normal aging processes that may contribute to increased CVD risk. Method: The sample included 221 older adults (M=63.40, SD=8.86; 82% female; 88% White/European American) and 55% reported an FM diagnosis. CVD risk factors were entered separately in a five-block hierarchical binary logistic regression model as predictors and included: cardiorespiratory fitness using the six-minute walk, BMI, standing and lying mean arterial pressure (MAP), and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that poorer cardiorespiratory fitness (OR=.99, 95% CI=.99-1.00, p=.001), greater depressive symptoms (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.19-1.53, p< .001) and lower standing MAP (OR=.98, 95% CI=.96-1.00, p=.036) were associated with higher odds of an FM diagnosis. However, no differences in lying MAP (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.00-1.04, p=.137) or BMI (OR=1.02, 95% CI=.95-1.10, p=.644) for an FM diagnosis emerged. Discussion: These data support the importance of examining the health profiles of persons with FM in the context of CVD risk. Experiences of FM may produce distinct health profiles with characteristics that serve as both protective and risk factors in the context of CVD.

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Postprandial glycemic dips are associated with metabolic disorders and CVD risk in euglycemic individuals

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab831 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Sun ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Di Teng ◽

Xiaoguang Shi ◽

Yongze Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Mainland China ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Context Metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease threaten human health. Many studies have assessed the phenomenon of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. However, in euglycemic individuals, the relationships between glucose regulation, metabolism and cardiovascular disease remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between postprandial glucose dips, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed data from the Thyroid disorders, Iodine status and Diabetes Epidemiological survey (TIDE study), which included 38878 euglycemic individuals from all 31 provinces of mainland China. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The prevalence of metabolic disorders and their related components and cardiovascular disease risk were calculated according to postprandial glucose dips. Logistic regression models of quartiles of postprandial glucose dips were used to further explore whether the prevalence of these disorders was associated with postprandial glucose dips. RESULTS Odds ratios for the fourth versus the first quartile of glucose dips were 0.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55, 0.63) (P<0.001) for metabolic disorders, 0.48 (95% CI 0.44, 0.53) (P<0.001) for metabolic syndrome and 0.54 (95% CI 0.50, 0.59) (P<0.001) for hyperuricemia. The odds ratio of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk >20% for the fourth versus the first glucose dip quartile was 0.67 (95% CI 0.52, 0.85) (P<0.001). Models adjusted for BMI yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial glucose dips are associated with metabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome and its related component diseases, and the cardiovascular disease risk. Glucose dips may be a marker of underlying metabolic abnormalities.

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Abstract P284: Higher Bitter Taste Perception is Associated With Lower Diabetes Risk Among Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome - The PREDIMED-PLUS Trial

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Julie E Gervis ◽

Oscar Coltell ◽

José V Sorlí ◽

Dolores Corella ◽

Alice H Lichtenstein

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Bitter Taste ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Taste Receptors ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Diabetes Status ◽

Unit Scale

Background: Beyond taste perception, taste receptors in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract have been linked to the regulation of energy balance, endocrine function and glucose homeostasis. Despite this, little is known about the relationship between perception for the 5 tastes (sweet, salt, sour, bitter and umami) and diet-related chronic disease risk. Objective: To investigate the association between perception for the 5 tastes and diabetes status. Methods: A cross-sectional baseline analysis was performed on older (55-75 years), overweight (BMI, ≥27-<40) adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome who were participating in the PREDIMED-PLUS Valencia trial (N=367). Taste perception was measured by challenging participants with standard solutions representing sweet, salt, sour, bitter and umami (400 mM sucrose, 200 mM NaCl, 34 mM citric acid, 5.6 mM phenylthiocarbamide [PTC], 200 mM monopotassium glutamate, respectively) and was evaluated on a 0-5 unit scale. Diabetes status was determined by self-reported clinical diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models that included all 5 tastes were used to test the association between taste perception and diabetes status. Results: The prevalence of diabetes in this cohort was 38%. Compared to individuals without diabetes, individuals with diabetes had significantly lower bitter taste perception (unadjusted means: 1.6 versus 1.1 units, respectively) (t-test p<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, BMI and medication use, a 1 unit increase in bitter taste perception was associated with a 42% lower odds of being diagnosed with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.58; 95% CI = [0.38, 0.84], p<0.001). Although mean perceptions for sweet, salt, sour and umami were also lower in individuals with diabetes, the associations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Among older adults with metabolic syndrome, higher bitter taste perception was associated with lower odds of being diagnosed with diabetes. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these observations and to determine whether bitter taste receptors may provide a possible therapeutic target for diabetes prevention and treatment.

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Metabolite Profile of Treatment-Naive Metabolic Syndrome Subjects in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Moritz V. Warmbrunn ◽

Annefleur M. Koopen ◽

Nicolien C. de Clercq ◽

Pieter F. de Groot ◽

Ruud S. Kootte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Metabolite Profiles ◽

Treatment Naïve

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to find distinct plasma metabolite profiles between insulin-resistant and non-insulin resistant subjects with MetSyn and evaluate if MetSyn metabolite profiles are related to CVD risk and lipid fluxes. In a cross-sectional study, untargeted metabolomics of treatment-naive males with MetSyn (n = 132) were analyzed together with clinical parameters. In a subset of MetSyn participants, CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham score (n = 111), and lipolysis (n = 39) was measured by a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp using [1,1,2,3,3-2H5] glycerol to calculate lipolysis suppression rates. Peripheral insulin resistance was related to fatty acid metabolism and glycerolphosphorylcholine. Interestingly, although insulin resistance is considered to be a risk factor for CVD, we observed that there was little correspondence between metabolites associated with insulin resistance and metabolites associated with CVD risk. The latter mainly belonged to the androgenic steroid, fatty acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phophatidylcholine pathways. These data provide new insights into metabolic changes in mild MetSyn pathophysiology and MetSyn CVD risk related to lipid metabolism. Prospective studies may focus on the pathophysiological role of the here-identified biomarkers.

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Circulating oxidized LDL, measured with FOH1a/DLH3 antibody, is associated with metabolic syndrome and the coronary heart disease risk score in healthy Japanese

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.048 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 203 (1) ◽

pp. 243-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tetsuya Ueba ◽

Shosaku Nomura ◽

Tomofumi Nishikawa ◽

Motohiro Kajiwara ◽

Kohsuke Yamashita

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Risk Score ◽

Coronary Heart Disease Risk ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Disease Risk Score ◽

Heart Disease Risk

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Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome Defined by Three Different Definitions

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (184) ◽

Author(s):

R Shrestha ◽

SC Jha ◽

M Khanal ◽

P Gyawali ◽

BK Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cardiac Risk ◽

Cardiac Risk Factors

Introduction: Different authorities have put forward their criteria to defi ne metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to fi nd the prevalence of MetS in hypertensive individuals by the available three different defi nitions from National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), International diabetes Federation (IDF) and WHO and their association with other cardiac risk factors. Methods: After anthropometric measurements fasting blood was analyzed for glucose, lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and anti-oxidized LDL antibody in 150 hypertensive individuals. A ten-year coronary heart disease risk was predicted using the Framingham risk score (FRS). Results: The prevalence of MetS was 54.7 % by NCEP, 42.0 % by IDF) and 18.7 % by WHO. As many as 63.4 % had MetS by any defi nition, while only 9.4 % fulfi lled all the criteria of the three definitions. The association of cardiac risk factors also varied according to the defi nition used. hsCRP was signifi cantly elevated in MetS compared to non-MetS. Body mass index, waist circumference and HDL-C were associated in MetS defi ned by NCEP and IDF. FRS was higher in MetS defi ned by Adult Treatment Panel and WHO defi nitions. An increase in urine albumin and a decrease in eGFR were associated with MetS individuals defi ned by WHO only. Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the prevalence of MetS and associated cardiac risk factors according to three different defi nitions used. The different cardiac risk factors among MetS also vary with the defi nitions used. However, hsCRP and emerging risk factor are signifi cantly elevated in hypertensive individuals with MetS as defi ned by all defi nitions. Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension,metabolic syndrome.

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Cardiovascular disease risk assessment in diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

International Journal of Clinical Trials ◽

10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20151238 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammed Alim ◽

Rakesh K. Sahay ◽

Nuwairah Hafiz ◽

B. Prabhakar ◽

Mohammed Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Risk Score ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Recently non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested as independent cardiovascular (CVD) risk factor and many studies have shown strong links between NAFLD and CVD but NAFLD has not been related to cardiovascular mortality independently on a long term follow up. Inflammation and oxidative stress is well recognized factors for NALFD which lead to many interrelated factors contributing to cardiovascular risk. Aim: To study the cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients with and without NAFLD using different risk assessment calculators.Methods: This was a single center, prospective cross sectional study. 62 patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome attending the endocrinology & gastroenterology clinics of Osmania General Hospital were enrolled in to the study with 31 patients in group A (NAFLD) and 31 patients in group B (Non-NAFLD). Patients were diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasound examination. Results: The groups were individually evaluated for cardiovascular risk assessment by PROCAM risk score, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score and atherosclerosis Index. The means ± standard(%) deviation of Procam risk score for NAFLD group was 6.00 ± 1.00 and for Non NAFLD group it was 10.00 ± 2.00 (p=0.039). ASCVD risk score shows 5.11 ± 1.12 for NAFLD and Non NAFLD group showed 8.25 ± 2.18 (p=0.235). The Atherosclerosis index for NAFLD group was 0.24 ± 0.03 and Non NAFLD 0.18 ± 0.04 (p=0.785). The QRsik2 score for NAFLD and Non-NAFLD patients was 13.16 ± 7.56 and 17.45 ± 10.36.Conclusions: There was no difference in CVD risk assessment when assessed with different calculators in this population.

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There is No Distinctive Gut Microbiota Signature in the Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Associated Medication

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8030416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 416 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adrián Cortés-Martín ◽

Carlos E. Iglesias-Aguirre ◽

Amparo Meoro ◽

María Victoria Selma ◽

Juan Carlos Espín

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Drug Treatments

The gut microbiota (GM) has attracted attention as a new target to combat several diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a pathological condition with many factors (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc.) that increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the existence of a characteristic taxonomic signature associated with obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions is under debate. To investigate the contribution of the CVD risk factors and(or) their associated drug treatments in the composition and functionality of GM in MetS patients, we compared the GM of obese individuals (n = 69) vs. MetS patients (n = 50), as well as within patients, depending on their treatments. We also explored associations between medication, GM, clinical variables, endotoxemia, and short-chain fatty acids. Poly-drug treatments, conventional in MetS patients, prevented the accurate association between medication and GM profiles. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of taxonomic signatures in MetS patients, which mainly depend on the CVD risk factors. Hypertension and(or) its associated medication was the primary trait involved in the shaping of GM, with an overabundance of lipopolysaccharide-producing microbial groups from the Proteobacteria phylum. In the context of precision medicine, our results highlight that targeting GM to prevent and(or) treat MetS should consider MetS patients more individually, according to their CVD risk factors and associated medication.

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