scholarly journals Protein Appetite at the Interface between Nutrient Sensing and Physiological Homeostasis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4103
Author(s):  
Md Shahjalal Khan ◽  
Redin A. Spann ◽  
Heike Münzberg ◽  
Sangho Yu ◽  
Vance L. Albaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Increase Protein Intake ◽  
Strong Body ◽  
Protein Rich

Feeding behavior is guided by multiple competing physiological needs, as animals must sense their internal nutritional state and then identify and consume foods that meet nutritional needs. Dietary protein intake is necessary to provide essential amino acids and represents a specific, distinct nutritional need. Consistent with this importance, there is a relatively strong body of literature indicating that protein intake is defended, such that animals sense the restriction of protein and adaptively alter feeding behavior to increase protein intake. Here, we argue that this matching of food consumption with physiological need requires at least two concurrent mechanisms: the first being the detection of internal nutritional need (a protein need state) and the second being the discrimination between foods with differing nutritional compositions. In this review, we outline various mechanisms that could mediate the sensing of need state and the discrimination between protein-rich and protein-poor foods. Finally, we briefly describe how the interaction of these mechanisms might allow an animal to self-select between a complex array of foods to meet nutritional needs and adaptively respond to changes in either the external environment or internal physiological state.

Effectiveness the use of additive MEGA-VIT in the ration of mares of Shetland pony breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
G. Uskov ◽  
A. Tsopanova ◽  
T. Perezhogina
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Experimental Group

Complete feeding of ponies is provided on the basis of data on their nutritional needs depending on age, sex, physiological state and level of productivity (the amount of milk produced and the intensity of growth of young animals). Ponies are sensitive to a lack of vitamins and mineral elements in the feed. When there is a sufficient amount of organic and mineral substances, but a lack or absence of vitamins, horses and ponies have impaired metabolism. The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of the use of vitamin and mineral additive MEGA-VIT in the rations of pregnant and lactating mares of Shetland pony breed. It has been found during of the researches that the vitamin and mineral additive MEGA-VIT had a positive influence on the productive and physiological indicators of animals. The cost of spent feed for the entire period of experiment in the control group was 50,6 thousand rubles, and in the experimental group it was 11,8 thousand rubles more or 23,5 %. Revenue from the sale of young horses of the control group amounted to 400 thousand rubles, and experimental group – 440 thousand rubles, this is by 40 thousand rubles more than in control group. This led to the increase in profit in the experimental group of mares by 28,1 thousand rubles and accordingly the level of profitability by 3,2 %. It has been recommended on the results have been obtained on the base of researches to include 30 g/head/day in the rations of mares of Shetland pony breed during pregnancy, and 50 g/head/day during lactation.

scholarly journals Different Blood Metabolomics Profiles in Infants Consuming a Meat- or Dairy-Based Complementary Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Minghua Tang ◽  
Nicholas E. Weaver ◽  
Lillian M. Berman ◽  
Laura D. Brown ◽  
Audrey E. Hendricks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Complementary Diet

Background: Research is limited in evaluating the mechanisms responsible for infant growth in response to different protein-rich foods; Methods: Targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis were conducted on serum samples collected from an infant controlled-feeding trial that participants consumed a meat- vs. dairy-based complementary diet from 5 to 12 months of age, and followed up at 24 months. Results: Isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine increased and threonine decreased over time among all participants; Although none of the individual essential amino acids had a significant impact on changes in growth Z scores from 5 to 12 months, principal component heavily weighted by BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and phenylalanine had a positive association with changes in length-for-age Z score from 5 to 12 months. Concentrations of acylcarnitine-C4, acylcarnitine-C5 and acylcarnitine-C5:1 significantly increased over time with the dietary intervention, but none of the acylcarnitines were associated with infant growth Z scores. Quantitative trimethylamine N-oxide increased in the meat group from 5 to 12 months; Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increasing total protein intake by providing protein-rich complementary foods was associated with increased concentrations of certain essential amino acids and short-chain acyl-carnitines. The sources of protein-rich foods (e.g., meat vs. dairy) did not appear to differentially impact serum metabolites, and comprehensive mechanistic investigations are needed to identify other contributors or mediators of the diet-induced infant growth trajectories.

scholarly journals Assessment of Protein Intake in the First Three Months after Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Severe Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Bertoni ◽  
Romina Valentini ◽  
Alessandra Zattarin ◽  
Anna Belligoli ◽  
Silvia Bettini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Protein Rich

An adequate protein intake prevents the loss of fat-free mass during weight loss. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) jeopardizes protein intake due to post-operative dietary restriction and intolerance to protein-rich foods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate protein intake in the first three months after SG. We evaluated, 1 month and 3 months after surgery, 47 consecutive patients treated with SG. Protein intake, both from foods and from protein supplementation, was assessed through a weekly dietary record. Patients consumed 30.0 ± 10.2 g of protein/day on average from foods in the first month, with a significant increase to 34.9 ± 4.8 g of protein/day in the third month (p = 0.003). The use of protein supplementation significantly increased total protein intake to 42.3 ± 15.9 g protein/day (p < 0.001) in the first month and to 39.6 ± 14.2 g of protein/day (p = 0.002) in the third one. Compliance with supplement consumption was 63.8% in the first month and only 21.3% in the third month. In conclusion, both one and three months after SG, protein intake from foods was not sufficient. The use of modular supplements seems to have a significant impact on protein intake, but nevertheless it remains lower than recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Andrea Stensitzky ◽  
Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Beck ◽  
Klaus Michael Braumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Protein Rich

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss.

scholarly journals 97 The effect of metabolizable protein intake in finishing diets on feeding behavior of steers.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 409-409
Author(s):  
L G Sitorski ◽  
A Fontoura ◽  
F Keomanivong ◽  
M Bauer ◽  
T Gilbery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Metabolizable Protein

Induction of transport of organic anions in Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Maddrell ◽  
B. O. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Protein Rich

1.The ability of Rhodnius Malpighian tubules to transport organic anions such as p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and amaranth depends on the physiological state of the insect. Unfed insects progressively lose this ability, but the transport mechanisms rapidly become activated after a blood meal. 2. This induction occurs in adults as well as larval instars and is not prevented by decapitation. 3. No increase in rates of excretion of organic anions follows a meal of Ringer's solution or a single injection of 0–1 mumoles of PAH into the haemolymph. 4. Accelerated PAH excretion is induced in insects fed (a) blood plasma alone or a suspension of red blood cells in saline, (b) solutions of serum albumin or casein, and (c) whole or diluted milk. 5. These results show that the ingestion of a protein-rich meal is sufficient to induce an accelerated transport of organic anions such as PAH and they suggest that this induction is not controlled by a hormone released in response to abdominal distension but depends instead on the continued presence in the haemolymph of some product of digestion of the meal.

INFLUENCE OF FODDER ADDITIVE ABIOTONIC ON VETERINARY AND SANITARY INDICATORS OF RABBIT MEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
F.I. Vasilevich ◽  
◽  
V.N. Shevkoplyas ◽  
V.M. Bachinskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
White Fat

The materials on the study of the feed additive Abiotonic in rabbit breeding, as well as the results of organoleptic, microbiological, histological studies and the amino acid composition of rabbit meat of the New Zealand white breed are presented. According to the results of the studies, there was no negative effect of the feed additive on the veterinary and sanitary indicators of rabbit meat, the carcasses were well bled, drying crusts were formed in a timely manner, the muscles were elastic, light pink, white fat, the broth was clear and aromatic. No pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora were found. At the same time, it was noted that the feed additive contributed to the increase in meat of non-essential amino acids by 6,01%, essential amino acids by 9,74%, which increases the biological value of the product. According to histomorphological studies, the Abiotonic feed supplement did not adversely affect the physiological state of animals, muscle tissue and internal organs developed within the physiological norm of rabbits.

The association of animal and plant protein with successful ageing: a combined analysis of MEDIS and ATTICA epidemiological studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexandra Foscolou ◽  
Elena Critselis ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Christina Chrysohoou ◽  
Nenad Naumovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Animal ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Protein Rich

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences between the consumption of plant-based v. animal-based protein-rich diets on successful ageing, as well as to identify the optimal combination of dietary protein intake for facilitating successful ageing in people aged >50 years. Design: A combined analysis was conducted in older adults of the ATTICA and MEDIS population-based cross-sectional studies. Anthropometrical, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle parameters, dietary habits and level of protein intake were derived through standard procedures. Successful ageing was evaluated using the validated Successful Aging Index (SAI) composed of ten health-related social, lifestyle and clinical characteristics. Setting: Athens area and twenty Greek islands. Participants: A total of 3349 Greek women and men over 50 years old. Results: Participants with high consumption of plant proteins were more likely to be male, physically active, with higher daily energy intake, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and higher level of SAI (P < 0·001). Participants with ‘Low animal & High plant’ and ‘High animal & High plant’ protein consumption had a 6 and 7 % higher SAI score, respectively, compared with the other participants (P < 0·001). In contrast, ‘Low animal & Low plant’ and ‘High animal & Low plant’ protein intake was negatively associated with SAI as compared to the combination of all other consumption categories (P < 0·02). Conclusions: The consumption of a plant-based protein-rich diet seems to be a beneficial nutritional choice that should be promoted and encouraged to older people since it may benefit both individual’s health and prolong successful ageing.

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