Different Blood Metabolomics Profiles in Infants Consuming a Meat- or Dairy-Based Complementary Diet

Background: Research is limited in evaluating the mechanisms responsible for infant growth in response to different protein-rich foods; Methods: Targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis were conducted on serum samples collected from an infant controlled-feeding trial that participants consumed a meat- vs. dairy-based complementary diet from 5 to 12 months of age, and followed up at 24 months. Results: Isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine increased and threonine decreased over time among all participants; Although none of the individual essential amino acids had a significant impact on changes in growth Z scores from 5 to 12 months, principal component heavily weighted by BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and phenylalanine had a positive association with changes in length-for-age Z score from 5 to 12 months. Concentrations of acylcarnitine-C4, acylcarnitine-C5 and acylcarnitine-C5:1 significantly increased over time with the dietary intervention, but none of the acylcarnitines were associated with infant growth Z scores. Quantitative trimethylamine N-oxide increased in the meat group from 5 to 12 months; Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increasing total protein intake by providing protein-rich complementary foods was associated with increased concentrations of certain essential amino acids and short-chain acyl-carnitines. The sources of protein-rich foods (e.g., meat vs. dairy) did not appear to differentially impact serum metabolites, and comprehensive mechanistic investigations are needed to identify other contributors or mediators of the diet-induced infant growth trajectories.

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Effect of Time and Legume Type on Germination-Induced Proteolysis of Lentils and Faba Beans

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Sara Bautista-Expósito ◽

Elena Peñas ◽

Albert Vanderberg ◽

Juana Frias ◽

Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Faba Beans

Legumes are alternative protein sources that have been successfully used to develop diverse meatless foods. Although these plant-based products have a lower impact on the environment than equivalent animal-based products, they have lower protein digestibility. Germination could be a useful bioprocess to enhance protein digestibility in legumes, although its effect at different times of seedling development has been little studied in lentils and faba beans. This work investigated the effect of germination time (4 and 6 days after full seed imbibition) on the proteins of three types of Canadian lentils (“gray zero tannin”, G; “caviar black”, B; and “red dehulled”, D) and faba beans (“zero vicin/convicin”, F). Germination increased total nitrogen (4–14% increase) and total levels of some amino acids: Asp in all the sprouts studied; Ser, Pro, Ala, Cys, His and Lys in G; and Met and Tyr in B. A concurrent degradation of the 7S and 11S globulin subunits, the accumulation of peptides below 20 kDa and free essential and non-essential amino acids (4- to 6-fold increase) were observed after germination in all the legumes studied. These effects were attributable to the increased protease activity observed after sprouting. Trypsin inhibitory activity was lower in legume sprouts, except for D, where a small increase was detected. Time, legume type and their interaction showed significant effects on the parameters studied. Germination effects were generally more remarkable at longer stages of seedling development. Among the legumes studied, D showed a differential behavior characterized by a faster protein degradation and release of small peptides, probably due to its higher protease activity as indicated by principal component analysis. These results evidence the positive effects of germination on the protein digestibility of different lentil types and faba beans. The protein quality of plant-based foods could be improved through the selection of legume species with higher germination-induced proteolytic rates and optimized germination times.

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Factors Influencing 14C Ages of the Pacific Rat Rattus Exulans

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200018531 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 601-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Nancy Ragano Beavan ◽

Rodger J. Sparks

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

New Zealand ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Protein Food ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Food Items ◽

The Pacific ◽

Age Variation ◽

Carbon Intake ◽

Protein Rich

An isotopic database for the Pacific/Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) and foods that it scavenges is used to examine diet-induced 14C age variation in omnivores. We discuss a suite of 26 δ14C determinations and 13C and 15N analysis for modern Pacific/Polynesian rat bone gelatin and available food items from Kapiti Island, New Zealand (40°51'S, 174°75'E). These analyses provide the first isotopic data for modern specimens of the species, collected as part of a larger project to determine potential sources of bias in unexpectedly old 14C age measurements on subfossil specimens of R. exulans from New Zealand. Stable C, N and 14C isotopic and trapping data are used to trace carbon intake via the diet of the rats in each habitat. Data from specimens linked to five specific habitats on the island indicate that modern populations of R. exulans are not in equilibrium with atmospheric values of δ14C, being either enriched or depleted relative to the atmospheric curve in 1996/97, the period of collection. The δ14C values recorded for R. exulans are associated with diet, and result from variation in δ14C values found in animal-protein food items available to a scavenging omnivore. The titer of carbon deviating from atmospheric values is believed to be derived from the essential amino acids in the protein-rich foods of the rat diet.Present evidence suggests that the depletion required to affect 14C ages limits the possibility that diet introduces dramatic offsets from true ages. Marine diets, for example, would have a variable effect on ages for terrestrial omnivores, contraindicating the application of a standard marine correction for such specimens. We suggest that to identify the extent to which diet may influence the 14C age in a given specimen of terrestrial omnivore, the separation and dating of essential amino acids vs. a nonessential amino, such as glycine, be applied.

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Postoperative serum metabolites of patients on a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet after pancreatectomy for pancreatobiliary cancer: a nontargeted metabolomics pilot study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53287-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chang Moo Kang ◽

BoKyeong Yun ◽

Minju Kim ◽

Mina Song ◽

Yeon-hee Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Principal Component ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Postoperative Serum

AbstractA ketogenic diet is a potential adjuvant cancer therapy that limits glucose availability to tumours while fuelling normal tissues with ketone bodies. We examined the effect of a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) (80% kcal from fat, ketogenic ratio 1.75:1, w/w) compared to a general hospital diet (GD) on serum metabolic profiles in patients (n = 18, ≥ 19 years old) who underwent pancreatectomy for pancreatobiliary cancer. Serum samples collected preoperatively (week 0) and after the dietary intervention (week 2) were analysed with a nontargeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate and total ketone levels significantly increased after 2 weeks of LCKD compared to GD (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis score plots and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis also showed significant differences between groups at week 2, with strong validation. In all, 240 metabolites differed between LCKD and GD. Pathways including glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolisms were significantly enriched in the LCKD samples. LCKD decreased C22:1-ceramide levels, which are reported to be high in pancreatic cancer, while increasing lysophosphatidylcholine (18:2), uric acid, citrulline, and inosine levels, which are generally low in pancreatic cancer. Postoperative LCKD might beneficially modulate pancreatic cancer-related metabolites in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer.

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Insights Into Amino Acid Metabolism and Incorporation by Compound- Specific Carbon Isotope Analysis of three-Spined Sticklebacks

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1156412/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maik Jochmann ◽

Tobias Hesse ◽

Milen Nachev ◽

Shaista Khaliq ◽

Frederik Franke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Fish Tissues ◽

Migration Patterns ◽

Protein Rich ◽

Compound Specific Carbon Isotope ◽

Over Time

Abstract Interpretation of isotope data is of upmost importance in ecology to build sound models for the study of animal diets, migration patterns and physiology. However, our understanding of isotope fractionation and incorporation into different consumer tissues is still limited. We therefore measured the δ13C values of individual amino acids from muscle and liver tissue of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) over time in a controlled feeding experiment. The isotope signatures of amino acids in the liver quickly responded to even small shifts in dietary isotope compositions, whereas muscle tissue remained isotopically constant over time. No significant fractionation between diet and fish tissues was observed for half of the amino acids in both liver and muscle tissue, supporting the idea of direct nutrient routing on a protein rich diet. Small isotopic differences were observed for alanine, glycine and serine between diet and liver, indicating that metabolic processes such as glycolysis or gluconeogenesis can be tracked by the isotope signatures of their main substitutes. We demonstrate that compound-specific isotope analysis has great potential to investigate the main metabolic pathways of organisms and suggest further investigations using isotopically enriched materials to facilitate the correct interpretation of ecological field data.

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Nutritional evaluation of whole soybean curd made from different soybean materials based on amino acid profiles

Food Quality and Safety ◽

10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Meili Li ◽

Hongming Dong ◽

Dingtao Wu ◽

Hong Chen ◽

Wen Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Principal Component ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Amino Acid Pattern ◽

Amino Acid Profiles ◽

Relay Cropping

Abstract Objectives Amino acid profiles of whole soybean curds (WSCs) and conventional soybean curds (CSCs) were comparatively studied to 1., evaluate their nutritional value and 2., study the suitable soybean material to fabricate WSCs. Materials and Methods Nine types of soybean materials were selected to make WSCs and CSCs. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and principal component analysis were selected to perform the comparative analysis of amino acid profiles of the products. Results Total contents of amino acids in WSCs and CSCs were 41.24–54.87 mg/g and 27.77–36.82 mg/g. Content ranges of essential amino acids were 13.59–19.38 mg/g and 8.46–11.76 mg/g for WSCs and CSCs. The essential amino acid pattern of WSCs was basically close to amino acid pattern spectrum requirements except valine and sulfur amino acids. As a limiting amino acid, methionine represented less than 0.4 for PDCAAS in all soybean curds except WSCs made from relay-cropping Nandou12 and Nandou25. Conclusions The overall quality of amino acids in WSCs was higher than that in CSCs, indicating that WSCs indeed exhibited higher nutritional value than CSCs from the viewpoint of amino acid profile. WSCs with the high nutritional value could be made using Nandou25 and relay-cropping Nandou12 as materials.

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Clustering of ingredients with amino acid composition similar to the nutritional requirement of Nile tilapia

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162010000500004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Álvaro José de Almeida Bicudo ◽

Luis Fernando Batista Pinto ◽

José Eurico Possebon Cyrino

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Principal Components ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Principal Component ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Nutritional Requirement ◽

Dietary Amino Acids ◽

The Relationship

The search for balanced diets, which may elicit improved growth of fish, requires appropriate selection of available protein sources. This study aims at clustering feedstuffs according to amino acid profile, determining which ones show essential amino acids (EAA) profiles closer to the ideal dietary amino acids requirements of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and studying the relationship among amino acids feedstuffs groups. Tabled data on EAA more cystine and tyrosine, in relation to lysine contents, of 40 feedstuffs ordinarily used to formulate fish diets were studied. Feedstuffs were grouped according to amino acids profile by cluster analysis of Euclidean distances. The principal components analysis was used to determine the relationship among amino acids in each feedstuff group. Three groups of ingredients were parted and two ingredients, low tannin sorghum and corn gluten meal 60%, did not go with any group. Dietary amino acids requirements of Nile tilapia were similar to the amino acid profile of 22 feedstuffs. The principal component analysis explained with three principal components more than 75% of total variance of amino acids in three feedstuff groups. Therefore, until additional, detailed information on amino acids availability of different ingredients is consolidated, total amino acids profiles will continue to be important information to select and use conventional or surrogate ingredients for formulating and processing feeds for tilapia.

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The amino acid supplementation of diets rich in maize meal for weanling pigs

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600010169 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 209-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. E. Evans

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Supplementation ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Maize Meal ◽

Soya Bean Meal ◽

Protein Rich

A comparison is made between a maize-rich diet containing 7% white-fish meal and a similar diet in which the protein supplement consisted of 6% ex. soya bean meal together with 0.3% L-lysine hydrochloride and 0.2% DL-methionine. The vegetable protein diet plus the amino acids proved in every way equal to the fish meal diet.When the essential amino acids in the diet of weanling pigs are properly balanced as little as 10% digestible crude protein will support maximum growth.The results obtained when 6% ex. dec. groundnut meal was used as a protein-rich supplement were not so favourable.

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Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by using New Technology in Agriculture (Near Infra-red spectroscopy-2500)

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research ◽

10.18805/ajdfr.dr-1582 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mamta Rathore ◽

H.G. Prakash ◽

Shashi Bala

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Near Infrared ◽

New Technology ◽

Principal Component ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Antinutritional Factors ◽

Spectroscopic Technique ◽

Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽

Chick Pea ◽

Pulse Crop

Background: Among the pulse crop world chick pea known as important pulse crop which is grown and utilized in the world. This crop nutritionally rich in the carbohydrates, protein which has superior quality protein than the other pulse crop. This pea consists of lots of essential amino acids except the sulphur containing amino acids. So that it is a good combination of diet with the cereals. In the plants mostly carbohydrates stored in the starch form but also followed by oligosaccharides and reducing and non-reducing sugars. In this crop lots of nutritionally rich substances but it has low amount of fats and large amount of unsaturated fatty acid which is very beneficial to the heart patient. The minerals which are present in chick pea are Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and especially potassium. The vitamins which are present in this pulse such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, folate and the vitamin A precursor, â-carotene. The pulses also have anti-nutritional factors which can be minimized by the using of lots of cooking methods.Methods: Through NIRS-2500 evaluated twenty samples of chick pea. It is an instrument through which Near Infrared (NIR) analysis a spectroscopic technique that makes use of the naturally occurring electromagnetic spectrum. This works in the region of the spectrum defined by wavelengths between 700nm and 2500nm. All the cultivars were found to cluster in major four groups on the basis of principal component analysis. The result showed the diversity between nutritional and antinutritional factors in the cultivars that could be further used by plant breeders to develop superior genotypes. The chick pea has lots of advantages which cure the several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, digestive diseases and some cancers. Result: Here we study twenty samples of chick pea in which the biochemical composition of this crop consists of protein was varied from 22.12% to 24.42%, sulphur containg amino acids ranged from 0.15 to 1.25% and Tryptophan was ranged from 0.63 to 1.38% which was analyzed by NIRS-2500.

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Effect of a Test Meal, without and with Protein, on Muscle and Plasma Free Amino Acids

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0790331 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 331-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

J. Bergström ◽

P. Fürst ◽

E. Vinnars

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Bovine Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Bovine Serum ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Muscle Concentration ◽

Protein Rich

1. The effect of a protein-free meal and a protein-rich meal on the concentration of free amino acids in plasma and muscle tissue was studied in eight healthy subjects. The energy content of the protein-free meal was 3800 kJ. The protein-rich meal was identical in composition except that 50 g of bovine serum albumin was added. Plasma and samples from the quadriceps femoris muscle (percutaneous muscle biopsy) for amino acid determination were collection before and at 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after the meal. 2. After the protein-free meal the concentrations of most essential amino acids and of some non-essential amino acids in plasma decreased continuously below basal levels at 5–7 h. The muscle concentration of essential amino acids fell too, reaching its nadir 3–5 h after the meal. The decrease in plasma amino acid concentration was smaller than the decrease in muscle concentration for all essential amino acids except phenylalanine. 3. The concentrations of most amino acids in plasma increased transiently 1 and 3 h after the protein-rich meal; histidine and several non-essential amino acids fell below the basal levels at 5–7 h after the meal. In muscle, threonine, valine, leucine, lysine and alanine were increased at 1 and 3 h after the protein-rich meal; isoleucine, serine and glycine fell below the basal level after 5 and 7 h. For the essential amino acids except threonine and lysine, the increase in plasma concentration was greater than the increase in muscle concentration. 4. Correlations were observed between the relative content of the essential amino acids in the bovine serum albumin and the increase in concentration of these amino acids in plasma and muscle. Methionine and isoleucine, which had the lowest content in bovine serum albumin, fell below basal levels in plasma and (for isoleucine) in muscle 5–7 h after the meal, suggesting that these two amino acids might have been limiting for protein synthesis. 5. Amino acid analysis in plasma and muscle samples taken postprandially should be evaluated with caution considering the strong influence of meal composition on plasma and muscle free amino acid profiles.

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Metabolomic signatures associated with disease severity in multiple sclerosis

Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1212/nxi.0000000000000321 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. e321 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Pablo Villoslada ◽

Cristina Alonso ◽

Ion Agirrezabal ◽

Ekaterina Kotelnikova ◽

Irati Zubizarreta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Disease Severity ◽

High Performance ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Principal Component ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Prospective Assessment

Objective:To identify differences in the metabolomic profile in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to controls and to identify biomarkers of disease severity.Methods:We studied 2 cohorts of patients with MS: a retrospective longitudinal cohort of 238 patients and 74 controls and a prospective cohort of 61 patients and 41 controls with serial serum samples. Patients were stratified into active or stable disease based on 2 years of prospective assessment accounting for presence of clinical relapses or changes in disability measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Metabolomic profiling (lipids and amino acids) was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in serum samples. Data analysis was performed using parametric methods, principal component analysis, and partial least square discriminant analysis for assessing the differences between cases and controls and for subgroups based on disease severity.Results:We identified metabolomics signatures with high accuracy for classifying patients vs controls as well as for classifying patients with medium to high disability (EDSS >3.0). Among them, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylethanolamine were the metabolites that showed a more robust pattern in the time series analysis for discriminating between patients and controls. Moreover, levels of hydrocortisone, glutamic acid, tryptophan, eicosapentaenoic acid, 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, lysophosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines were associated with more severe disease (non-relapse-free or increase in EDSS).Conclusions:We identified metabolomic signatures composed of hormones, lipids, and amino acids associated with MS and with a more severe course.

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