scholarly journals First Case of Clinical Cat Aelurostrongylosis in the Brazilian Amazon: Clinical and Molecular Insights

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Wilison da Silva Lima ◽  
Enny Caroline Ferreira Farago ◽  
Millena Mesquita do Nascimenta ◽  
Acácio Duarte Pacheco ◽  
Patrícia Fernandes Nunes da Silva Malavazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radiographic Changes ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most important respiratory parasite infecting domestic cats worldwide. Nevertheless, most records and epizootiological data come from Europe, whilst poor and fragmentary information are available for other regions, including the Americas. The present article describes the first description of cat aelurostrongylosis from Amazonia, Brazil. Eighty-one cats, 13 from a shelter and 68 admitted at the Teaching and Research Unit in Veterinary Medicine (UV) at the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Brazil, were included in the study. For all cats, three faecal samples from consecutive defecations were examined using the Baermann’s technique. Nematode first stage larvae (L1), retrieved in 2/81 (2.5%) samples, were microscopically identified as A. abstrusus and then subjected to a molecular assay able to identify the three most important species of metastrongyloids infecting felids. This test confirmed the A. abstrusus identity in one sample, while the second scored negative. The cat with confirmed aelurostrongylosis showed radiographic changes, i.e., an interstitial pattern, compatible with the infection. The other cat, which scored positive at the Baermann’s examination, was apparently healthy at the physical examination and showed no thoracic alterations. The occurrence of A. abstrusus in domestic cats from Brazilian Amazon is herein demonstrated for the first time. Clinical, epizootiological and molecular implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Survey of lungworm infection of domestic cats in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sára Kiszely ◽  
Mónika Gyurkovszky ◽  
Norbert Solymosi ◽  
Róbert Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

From 61 settlements of 12 Hungarian counties, 303 domestic cats were included in this survey. Between autumn 2016 and spring 2018, fresh faecal samples were randomly collected and examined by flotation and by the Baermann–Wetzel method for the presence of lungworm infection. No eggs of Eucoleus aerophilus were detected. Morphological identification of first instar larvae (L1) was also carried out. In the faeces of 60 cats (19.8%) from 17 settlements and Budapest, L1 of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus were found. More than half of the cats were from the western part of the country. The average number of larvae per gram of faeces was 190.2 ± 304.88. These results are in line with the former findings on the prevalence of aelurostrongylosis of domestic cats in Hungary. In addition, Oslerus rostratus was also found for the first time in the faecal samples of three cats from the eastern part of the country, infected also with Ae. abstrusus. The average age (2.51 ± 1.26 years) of infected cats indicates that lungworm infection is more common among younger cats. No relationship was found between the lung-worm infection and the sex of cats. Non-neutered cats had a significantly higher proportion of lungworm infections. Two-thirds of the infected cats were apparently healthy, and only 19 individuals showed clinical signs of respiratory disorders.

scholarly journals Aelurostrongilosis en un gato (Felis silvestris catus) de la Ciudad de México

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
María De Jesús Tovar Dorantes ◽  
Tania Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Mirna Karely Larios-Barajas ◽  
Araceli Lima-Melo ◽  
Luis Núñez-Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Felis Silvestris Catus ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Baermann Technique ◽  
Pyrantel Pamoate ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lavage Sample ◽  
Abstract Case

Clínica Veterinaria: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico ISSN: 2395-8766Una forma de citar este artículo:Tovar-Dorantes M de J, Díaz-Hernández T, Larios-Barajas MK, Lima-Melo A, Núñez-Ochoa L. Aelurostrongilosis en un gato (Felis silvestris catus) de la Ciudad de México. Clínica veterinaria: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico. 2020;6.e57202064. doi: 10.22201/fmvz.23958766e.2020.6.57Descripción del caso. Gato doméstico macho de cinco meses de edad con taquipnea, dificultad respiratoria y patrón restrictivo con un patrón intersticial no estructurado generalizado observado en el estudio radiográfico de campos pulmonares.Hallazgos clínicos. El diagnóstico se obtuvo mediante la observación de larvas de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus en el lavado traqueobronquial y se corroboró en heces por la técnica de Baermann seriada.Tratamiento y evolución. Se eligió un esquema de tratamiento con doxiciclina a 5 mg/kg vía oral cada 12 h por quince días; fenbendazol 50 mg/kg con pamoato de pirantel 20 mg/kg y prazicuantel 5 mg/kg vía oral cada 24 h por tres días consecutivos; prednisolona a 1 mg/kg vía oral cada 12 h dosis reducción por quince días; omeprazol a 1.25 mg/kg vía oral cada 12 h por diez días y pipeta tópica de imidacloprid 10 % y moxidectina 1 % al cuarto día de iniciado el tratamiento. El paciente mostró mejoría clínica.Pruebas de laboratorio. Los estudios radiográficos de los días 37 y 143 de evolución y el resultado negativo del estudio coproparasitoscópico por la técnica de Baermann seriada los días 53 y 143 de evolución corroboraron la mejora clínica; así el tratamiento fue efectivo.Relevancia clínica. Este es el segundo caso informado en México de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus en gatos domésticos y en una ciudad diferente a la del primer caso.  Abstract Case description. A 5-month-old, male, indoor-outdoor domestic shorthair cat from Mexico City with cough, tachypnea and respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs revealed a generalized unstructured interstitial pattern. Diagnostic and interpretation. Diagnosis of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was obtained by observing larvae in a tracheobronchial lavage sample and corroborated through Baermann funnel technique.Treatment and clinical response. The chosen treatment scheme was doxycycline at 5 mg/kg orally every 12 h for 15 days; fenbendazole 50 mg/kg with pyrantel pamoate 20 mg/kg and praziquantel 5 mg/kg orally every 24 h for 3 consecutive days; prednisolone at 1 mg/kg oral every 12 h reduction dose over 15 days; omeprazole at 1.25 mg/kg orally every 12 h for 10 days and topical imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 1% pippete at fourth day of treatment. The patient had clinical improvement.Laboratory tests. The patient improvement was corroborated by the radiographic studies on days 37 and 143 of evolution and in the coproparasitoscopic study, by serial Baermann technique, negative on day 53 and 143 of evolution.Clinical relevance. This is the second case report of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in domestic cats in Mexico, happening in a different city from the first case.

scholarly journals Molecular Survey of Metastrongyloid Lungworms in Domestic Cats (Felis silvestris catus) from Romania: A Retrospective Study (2008–2011)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Gyӧrke ◽  
Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽  
Zsuzsa Kalmár ◽  
Anamaria Ioana Paştiu ◽  
Viorica Mircean
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Felis Silvestris Catus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Background: Lungworms are recognized as important agents in the pathology of the respiratory system in domestic cats. While Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is worldwide known and studied, Troglostrongylus brevior has gained the attention of the scientific community only in the last decade. The pathogenicity of this species seems to be higher than A. abstrusus, causing more severe clinical presentations and being potentially fatal, especially in young animals. Methods: In this study, 371 DNA isolates of faecal samples were tested by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the presence of A. abstrusus, T. brevior, and Angiostrongylus chabaudi. Results: The results showed that 30.2% and 6.7% of the investigated domestic cats were positive for A. abstrusus and T. brevior respectively, stressing out the importance of these parasites as agents of respiratory conditions in domestic cats from Romania. None of the samples were positive for A. chabaudi. The age, the outdoor access, and the lack of deworming were identified as significant risk factors for infection with A. abstrusus. Conclusions: This paper represents the first report of T. brevior in domestic cats from Romania. Moreover, it presents the most northern localization in Europe of T. brevior.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Phylogeny of Anaplasmaphagocytophilum and Related Variants in Small Ruminants from Turkey

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Münir Aktaş ◽  
Sezayi Özübek ◽  
Mehmet Can Uluçeşme
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Japan And China ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes tick-borne fever in small ruminants. Recently, novel Anaplasma variants related to A. phagocytophilum have been reported in ruminants from Tunisia, Italy, South Korea, Japan, and China. Based on 16S rRNA and groEL genes and sequencing, we screened the frequency of A. phagocytophilum and related variants in 433 apparently healthy small ruminants in Turkey. Anaplasma spp. overall infection rates were 27.9% (121/433 analyzed samples). The frequency of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like 1 infections was 1.4% and 26.5%, respectively. No A. phagocytophilum-like 2 was detected in the tested animals. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was comparable in species, and no significant difference was detected between sheep and goats, whereas the prevalence significantly increased with tick infestation. Sequencing confirmed PCR-RFLP data and showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like-1 variant in the sampled animals. Phylogeny-based on 16S rRNA gene revealed the A. phagocytophilum-like 1 in a separate clade together with the previous isolates detected in small ruminants and ticks. In this work, A. phagocytophilum-like 1 has been detected for the first time in sheep and goats from Turkey. This finding revealed that the variant should be considered in the diagnosis of caprine and ovine anaplasmosis.

scholarly journals First case report of acute cholangitis secondary to Cronobacter sakazakii

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Sahra ◽  
Abdullah Jahangir ◽  
Neville Mobarakai ◽  
Allison Glaser ◽  
Ahmad Jahangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
First Case ◽  
Shunt Procedure ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cholecystostomy Tube ◽  
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube ◽  
First Time

Abstract Introduction Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which may be a causative agent of meningitis in premature infants and enterocolitis and bacteremia in neonates and adults. While there have been multiple cases of C. sakazakii infections, there have been no acute cholangitis cases reported in humans. Case presentation An 81-year-old male with a past medical history of basal cell carcinoma, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure, complicated by staphylococcus bacteremia, pituitary tumor, glaucoma, and hypothyroidism presented to the emergency room with the complaint of diffuse and generalized 10/10 abdominal pain of 1 day’s duration. There was a concern for pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, and possible cholecystitis, and the patient underwent a percutaneous cholecystostomy tube placement. Blood cultures from admission and biliary fluid cultures both grew C. sakazakii. The patient was treated with a carbapenem and clinically improved. Conclusions The case study described a patient with multiple medical comorbidities that presented with C. sakazakii bacteremia and cholangitis. While this bacterium has been implicated in other infections, we believe this is the first time the bacteria is being documented to have caused acute cholangitis.

Optimization of thermal conductivity in composites loaded with the solid-solid phase-change materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165
Author(s):  
Taoufik Mnasri ◽  
Adel Abbessi ◽  
Rached Ben Younes ◽  
Atef Mazioud
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Spherical Inclusions ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Composite Conductivity ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis work focuses on identifying the thermal conductivity of composites loaded with phase-change materials (PCMs). Three configurations are studied: (1) the PCMs are divided into identical spherical inclusions arranged in one plane, (2) the PCMs are inserted into the matrix as a plate on the level of the same plane of arrangement, and (3) the PCMs are divided into identical spherical inclusions arranged periodically in the whole matrix. The percentage PCM/matrix is fixed for all cases. A comparison among the various situations is made for the first time, thus providing a new idea on how to insert PCMs into composite matrices. The results show that the composite conductivity is the most important consideration in the first case, precisely when the arrangement plane is parallel with the flux and diagonal to the entry face. In the present work, we are interested in exploring the solid-solid PCMs. The PCM polyurethane and a wood matrix are particularly studied.

scholarly journals Salmonellosis impacts the proportions of faecal microbial populations in domestic cats fed 1–3-d-old chicks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Kerr ◽  
S. E. Dowd ◽  
K. S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Negative Data ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Pyrosequencing Method

AbstractThere has been a recent increase in the feeding of unconventional diets, including whole-prey diets, to domestic pet cats. Our objective was to characterise faecal microbial populations of domestic cats fed whole and ground (6·35 mm grind) raw 1–3-d-old chicks (Rodent Pro). Faecal samples were collected from neutered male domestic cats (mean age = 5·7 years) fed these diet items in a crossover design. Bacterial DNA was isolated from faecal samples and amplicons of the 16S rRNA V4–V6 region were generated and analysed by 454 pyrosequencing. Faecal microbial populations of cats fed whole v. ground chicks did not differ. During the study, three cats presented with symptoms of infection (anorexia or diarrhoea) and tested clinically positive for Salmonella using a standard PCR method. The remaining cats tested negative. Data were analysed post hoc to test for differences in microbial populations due to clinical status. The predominant genera were Clostridium (9–30 %), unidentified Lachnospiraceae (10–28 %), Blautia (4–19 %), Peptococcus (2–19 %) and Fusobacterium (2–14 %). Faeces of cats testing clinically positive for Salmonella had higher (P ≤ 0·05) proportions of the genera Coprococcus (5·6 v. 0·4 %) and Escherichia (subgenera Shigella; 1·1 v. 0·3 %). Salmonella was not detected in faecal samples utilising the pyrosequencing method; however, there was a shift in microbial populations due to clinical status. The clinical symptoms reported herein may be not only due to the Salmonella itself, but also shifts in other gut microbial populations.

Identification and complete genome analysis of kobuvirus in faecal samples of European roller (Coracias garrulus): for the first time in a bird

2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Ákos Boros ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Gábor Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Coracias Garrulus ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
European Roller ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complete Genome Analysis

Testicular effects of a postnatal GnRH antagonist in domestic cats

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
Germinal Cells

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the histological effects of two high postnatal doses of the potent third-generation GnRH antagonist, acyline in the domestic cat testicle. Secondly, the physical, endocrine, and steroidogenic findings of this pharmaceutical protocol are also reported. Twelve postnatal littermate male kittens were administered acyline in a dose of 2.2 mg/100 g SC weekly for 2 weeks (ACY; n = 6), or placebo (PL; n = 6). All the animals were followed up until puberty when they were castrated. Serial faecal samples were collected until the age of 10 weeks for testosterone (T) measurement. The kittens achieved puberty without either age (236.5 ± 19.7 vs. 221.7 ± 23.7 days) or body weight (3.05 ± 0.15 vs. 2.78 ± 0.28 kg, P > 0.05) differences between ACY and PL, respectively. Acyline suppressed faecal T concentrations for 3 weeks (P < 0.01). From the fourth week on, both groups had low concentrations up to the end of the follow-up period (P > 0.05). Histological assessment of the testes showed that ACY cats presented a reduced height of the epithelium (P < 0.01) due to the diminished number of germinal cells accompanied by an enlarged luminal area (P < 0.01) with cellular debris (P < 0.01). The immunostaining of P450c17 also appeared partially diminished in ACY testes.

scholarly journals Using reliable predator identification to investigate feeding habits of Neotropical carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) in a deforestation frontier of the Brazilian Amazon

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia P. Tirelli ◽  
Thales R.O. de Freitas ◽  
Fernanda Michalski ◽  
Alexandre R. Percequillo ◽  
Eduardo Eizirik
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Accurate identification of predator species is a critical requirement to investigate their diet using faecal samples. We used non-invasive sampling and two methods of predator identification to investigate the diets of sympatric carnivores in a highly deforested region of the Brazilian Amazon. Of 108 scats, 81 could be identified at the species level using DNA sequencing and/or trichology. The former performed better than the latter (81.5% vs. 54.3% of the identified samples), and results were quite congruent (89.7% concordance in the 29 samples that could be assessed with both approaches). Nine species were identified, out of which four (crab-eating fox, ocelot, puma and jaguar) presented a sufficient number of samples to allow dietary analyses. The crab-eating fox was the most generalist (BA=0.92); ocelots focused on small- to medium-sized prey; pumas fed mostly on medium-sized items; and jaguars mostly targeted large-sized prey. A considerable overlap was observed between ocelots and pumas in all estimations (O=0.47–0.83). The presence of jaguars in the same region could be driving pumas to select medium- and small-sized prey. The results of this study highlight the importance of reliable predator identification and the need for in-depth ecological studies in areas where carnivore species are sympatric.

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