Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19): A Short Review on Hematological Manifestations

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV–2) is a rapidly spreading and devastating global pandemic. Many researchers are attempting to clarify the mechanisms of infection and to develop a drug or vaccine against the virus, but there are still no proven effective treatments. The present article reviews the common presenting hematological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19). Elucidating the changes in hematological parameters in SARS–CoV–2 infected patients could help to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and may provide early clues to diagnosis. Several studies have shown that hematological parameters are markers of disease severity and suggest that they mediate disease progression.

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Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9072038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 2038 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Francesco Cappello ◽

Antonella Marino Gammazza ◽

Francesco Dieli ◽

Everly Conway de Macario ◽

Alberto JL Macario

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Molecular Mimicry ◽

Short Review ◽

Working Hypothesis ◽

In Vivo Tests ◽

Autoimmune Phenomena ◽

Effective Treatments

Viruses can generate molecular mimicry phenomena within their hosts. Why should severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not be considered one of these? Information in this short review suggests that it might be so and, thus, encourages research aiming at testing this possibility. We propose, as a working hypothesis, that the virus induces antibodies and that some of them crossreact with host’s antigens, thus eliciting autoimmune phenomena with devasting consequences in various tissues and organs. If confirmed, by in vitro and in vivo tests, this could drive researchers to find effective treatments against the virus.

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A Distinct Phylogenetic Cluster of Indian Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Isolates

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sofia Banu ◽

Bani Jolly ◽

Payel Mukherjee ◽

Priya Singh ◽

Shagufta Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Common Ancestor ◽

Public Domain ◽

Nucleotide Substitution Rate ◽

The Public ◽

Phylogenetic Cluster ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Core Set ◽

The Common ◽

Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background From an isolated epidemic, coronavirus disease 2019 has now emerged as a global pandemic. The availability of genomes in the public domain after the epidemic provides a unique opportunity to understand the evolution and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus across the globe. Methods We performed whole-genome sequencing of 303 Indian isolates, and we analyzed them in the context of publicly available data from India. Results We describe a distinct phylogenetic cluster (Clade I/A3i) of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from India, which encompasses 22% of all genomes deposited in the public domain from India. Globally, approximately 2% of genomes, which to date could not be mapped to any distinct known cluster, fall within this clade. Conclusions The cluster is characterized by a core set of 4 genetic variants and has a nucleotide substitution rate of 1.1 × 10–3 variants per site per year, which is lower than the prevalent A2a cluster. Epidemiological assessments suggest that the common ancestor emerged at the end of January 2020 and possibly resulted in an outbreak followed by countrywide spread. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study characterizing this cluster of SARS-CoV-2 in India.

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The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 748-752

Author(s):

Swapnali Khabade ◽

Bharat Rathi ◽

Renu Rathi

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Healthy Person ◽

World Health ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Leading Role ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The People ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

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The Unparalleled Growth of COVID-19 Publications (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.21903 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Fontelo ◽

Mrigendra Bastola ◽

Craig Locatis ◽

Fang Liu

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Research Papers ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The Us ◽

International Collaborative ◽

Number Of Publications ◽

Collaborative Publishing

UNSTRUCTURED The global pandemic of COVID-19 has generated an unprecedented number of research papers from clinicians and scientists worldwide. We searched PubMed for articles on coronaviruses from 1970 to June 2020. Surges of publications occurred in 2003 from SARS and, again in 2012 from MERS. Although the name COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was only announced by WHO in February 2020, the number of publications has already exceeded 16000 by June this year. China and the US lead in publications, but a significant number also come from countries hardest hit by the illness. International collaborative publishing is significant. Since these publications are generally free to access worldwide, it provides a rich evidence base for clinicians and scientists combatting the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Theory and Method and the Stakes of a Fragmented Discipline: Or, What Economics Taught Me About the Study of Religion

Journal of the American Academy of Religion ◽

10.1093/jaarel/lfaa060 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas A Lewis

Keyword(s):

Religious Studies ◽

The Public ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Recent Developments ◽

The Common ◽

The Impact ◽

Academic Study

Abstract As a discipline, the academic study of religion is strikingly fragmented, with little engagement or shared criteria of excellence across subfields. Although important recent developments have expanded the traditions and peoples studied as well as the methods used, the current extent of fragmentation limits the impact of this diversification and pluralization. At a moment when the global pandemic is catalyzing profound pressures on our universities and disciplines, this fragmentation makes it difficult to articulate to the public, to non-religious studies colleagues, and to students why the study of religion matters. We therefore too often fall back on platitudes. I argue for a revitalized methods and theories conversation that connects us even as it bears our arguments and disagreements about what we do and how. Courses in methods and theories in the study of religion represent the most viable basis we have for bringing the academic study of religion into the common conversation or argument that constitutes a discipline without sacrificing our pluralism.

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KI and WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1259

Author(s):

Carla Prezioso ◽

Ugo Moens ◽

Giuseppe Oliveto ◽

Gabriele Brazzini ◽

Francesca Piacentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Cycle Threshold ◽

Viral Interference ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Wu Polyomavirus ◽

Washington University

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic. Our goal was to determine whether co-infections with respiratory polyomaviruses, such as Karolinska Institutet polyomavirus (KIPyV) and Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV) occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Oropharyngeal swabs from 150 individuals, 112 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 38 healthcare workers not infected by SARS-CoV-2, were collected from March 2020 through May 2020 and tested for KIPyV and WUPyV DNA presence. Of the 112 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 27 (24.1%) were co-infected with KIPyV, 5 (4.5%) were positive for WUPyV, and 3 (2.7%) were infected simultaneously by KIPyV and WUPyV. Neither KIPyV nor WUPyV DNA was detected in samples of healthcare workers. Significant correlations were found in patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and KIPyV (p < 0.05) and between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values and KIPyV, WUPyV and KIPyV and WUPyV concurrently detected (p < 0.05). These results suggest that KIPyV and WUPyV may behave as opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Additional investigations are needed to understand the epidemiology and the prevalence of respiratory polyomavirus in COVID-19 patients and whether KIPyV and WUPyV could potentially drive viral interference or influence disease outcomes by upregulating SARS-CoV-2 replicative potential.

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A case of SLE with COVID-19 and multiple infections

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2020-0238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1054-1060

Author(s):

Ruoqi Ning ◽

Silu Meng ◽

Fangxu Tang ◽

Chong Yu ◽

Dong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Chronic Use

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, which is induced by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are susceptible to infections due to the chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs and the autoimmune disorders. Now we report a case of SLE infected with SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae concurrently. The patient used hydroxychloroquine and prednisone chronically to control the SLE. After infection of SARS-CoV-2, she was given higher dose of prednisone than before and the same dosage of hydroxychloroquine. Besides, some empirical treatments such as antiviral, antibiotic and immunity regulating therapies were also given. The patient finally recovered from COVID-19. This case indicated that hydroxychloroquine may not be able to fully protect SLE patient form SARS-CoV-2. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapies and increased dose of corticosteroids might be adoptable for patient with both COVID-19 and SLE. Physicians should consider SARS-CoV-2 virus test when SLE patient presented with suspected infection or SLE flare under the epidemic of COVID-19.

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CD169/SIGLEC1 is expressed on circulating monocytes in COVID-19 and expression levels are associated with disease severity

Infection ◽

10.1007/s15010-021-01606-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jan-Moritz Doehn ◽

Christoph Tabeling ◽

Robert Biesen ◽

Jacopo Saccomanno ◽

Elena Madlung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Type I Interferons ◽

Type I ◽

Interferon Signaling ◽

Expression Levels

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Type I interferons are important in the defense of viral infections. Recently, neutralizing IgG auto-antibodies against type I interferons were found in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Here, we analyzed expression of CD169/SIGLEC1, a well described downstream molecule in interferon signaling, and found increased monocytic CD169/SIGLEC1 expression levels in patients with mild, acute COVID-19, compared to patients with severe disease. We recommend further clinical studies to evaluate the value of CD169/SIGLEC1 expression in patients with COVID-19 with or without auto-antibodies against type I interferons.

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Anti-SARS-CoV IgG response in relation to disease severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2005.07.005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Nelson Lee ◽

P.K.S. Chan ◽

Margaret Ip ◽

Eric Wong ◽

Jenny Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Disease Severity

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Targeting the Complement Cascade in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2188

Author(s):

Nicole Ng ◽

Charles A. Powell

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Organ Dysfunction ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Complement Cascade ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Immune Pathways ◽

Complement Pathways

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 causes multi-organ dysfunction with significant morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence implicates maladaptive over-activation of innate immune pathways such as the complement cascade as well as endothelial dysfunction as significant contributors to disease progression. We review the complement pathways, the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on these pathways, and promising therapeutic targets in clinical trials.

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