scholarly journals Increasing Resistance and Changes in Distribution of Serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Dorota Kaminska ◽  
Magdalena Ratajczak ◽  
Anna Szumała-Kąkol ◽  
Jolanta Dlugaszewska ◽  
Dorota M. Nowak-Malczewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Genes Encoding

Streptococcus agalactiae is responsible for serious infections in newborn babies, pregnant women, and other patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype distribution, and virulence determinants of the S. agalactiae isolates derived from clinical specimens considering the global increase of both antibiotic resistance and virulence. A total of 165 isolates were identified and serotyped by PCR techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion method, gradient diffusion method and VITEK® System. Virulence associated genes were investigated by PCR; ability to form biofilm was assessed using a microtiter plate assay. The highest observed MIC value for penicillin G was 0.12 µg/mL, seen in 8.5% of isolates. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin were found in 30.38% and 24.8% of the strains, respectively. The serotype III (32.73%), V (25.45%), and Ia (18.18%) were found as the most frequently represented. Previously unidentified strains in Poland, belonging to serotypes VI (three strains) and VII (one strain) were recognized. The presence of genes encoding various virulence factors as well as diverse ability to form biofilm were found. In conclusion, macrolide-resistance and decreased susceptibility to penicillin G were revealed signifying the increasing resistance among group B streptococci. Moreover, the presence of genes encoding various virulence factors and the ability to form biofilm were confirmed indicating their role in the pathomechanisms of the evaluated GBS infections.

scholarly journals Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from food-stuffs

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trivedi ◽  
S. Cupakova ◽  
R. Karpiskova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Enterococcal Species ◽  
Species Specific

A collection of 250 enterococci isolated from various food-stuffs were used to investigate seven virulence determinants and the microbial susceptibility of eight antibiotics. Species-specific PCR revealed the presence of E. faecalis (127 isolates), E. faecium (77 isolates), E. casseliflavus (21 isolates), E. mundtii (19 isolates) and E. durans (six isolates). Multiplex PCR for virulence factors showed that from a total 250 isolates, 221 (88.4%) carried one or more virulence-encoding genes. β-Haemolytic activity was also evident in enterococcal species other than E. faecalis and E. faecium. Species other than E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from food are also seen to harbour the potential for virulence. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method showed that of the total 250 isolates, 114 (46%) were resistant to cephalothin and 94 (38%) to ofloxacin. Lower antibiotic resistance was seen with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and teicoplanin. None of the isolates was found to be resistant to vancomycin. The results of this study show that food can play an important role in the spread of enterococci with virulence potential through the food chain to the human population.

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women: serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns over five years in Eastern Sicily (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2387-2396
Author(s):  
Carlo Genovese ◽  
Floriana D’Angeli ◽  
Valentina Di Salvatore ◽  
Gianna Tempera ◽  
Daria Nicolosi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae (also known Group B Streptococcus or GBS) represents the main pathogen responsible for early- and late-onset infections in newborns. The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the capsular serotypes of GBS isolated in Eastern Sicily over 5 years, from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 3494 GBS were isolated from vaginal swabs of pregnant women (37–39 weeks), as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Capsular polysaccharide’s typing of GBS was determined by a commercial latex agglutination test containing reagents to serotypes I–IX. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of GBS was determined through the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and the double-disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Serotypes III (1218, 34.9%) and V (1069, 30.6%) were the prevalent colonizers, followed by not typable (570, 16.3%) and serotypes Ia (548, 15.7%), Ib (47, 1.3%), II (40, 1.1%), and IV (2, 0.1%). All 3494 clinical isolates were susceptible to cefditoren and vancomycin. Resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin was observed in 6 (0.2%), 5 (0.1%), 161 (4.6%), 1090 (31.2%), and 1402 (40.1%) of the strains, respectively. Most of erythromycin-resistant GBS (1090/1402) showed the cMLSB phenotype, 276 the M phenotype, and 36 the iMLSB phenotype. Our findings revealed a higher prevalence of serotype III and a relevant resistance rate, among GBS strains, to the most frequently used antibiotics in antenatal screening.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Bacteria from Vulva Swab of African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) and Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Anindya Dwi Ash-Santri ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Yosua Kristian Adi ◽  
Teguh Budipitojo ◽  
Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Selective Media

Atelerix albiventris and Hystrix javanica are currently traded as pets or consumed in Indonesia, but there has been no research about bacteria from the vulva swab before. This research aims to isolate and identify bacteria from the vulva swabs of Atelerix albiventris and Hystrix javanica, and identify their antibiotic susceptibility. Samples were isolated by blood agar plates and selective media and identified by biochemical tests. Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test. The result showed that from Atelerix albiventris was isolated and identified Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, while from Hystrix javanica was isolated and identified Escherichia coli. The identified Escherichia coli was sensitive to Amikacin, Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Fosfomycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Trimethoprim, and Kanamycin; intermediate to Streptomycin; and resistant to Erythromycin and Penicillin G. The identified Proteus mirabilis was sensitive to Amikacin, Amoxycillin, Kanamycin, Enrofloxacin, and Fosfomycin; and resistant to Erythromycin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim. This research concludes that Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from vulva swab of Atelerix albiventris and Hystrix javanica, Escherichia coli was sensitive to eight antibiotics, while Proteus mirabilis was sensitive to five antibiotics.

scholarly journals Clinical and bacteriological examinations of dogs with tonsillitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
D. Sylejmani ◽  
I. Miftari ◽  
A. Hamidi ◽  
A. Robaj
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of tonsillitis in dogs and isolation of bacteria involved as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility. For this purpose from June 2015 to August 2017, 12 clinical cases of dogs with tonsillitis have been examined, and a total of 24 samples were collected. Diagnosis was based on anamnesis, clinical signs, haematology and biochemical tests and bacteriological analyses. The isolation and identification of bacteria was carried out according to conventional microbiological methods and biochemical tests, while the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was tested using the disk diffusion method. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria with isolation rate 35.0%, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (27.50%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Staphylococcus intermedius (10%) and Pasteurella spp. (7.5%). A high resistance to ampicillin, streptomicin and penicillin G was shown by E. coli, S. intermedius, S. pyogenes isolates. None of S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. intermedius and Pasteurella spp., isolates was resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli at a Tertiary Care Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-686
Author(s):  
Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Rehana Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Solayman ◽  
Babul Aktar ◽  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tract Infections

Infections due to multidrug resistant E.coli range from uncomplicated urinary tract infections to life-threatening sepsis. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in 173 (12.84%) Escherichia coli strains isolated from 1347 clinical specimens of different types. Isolation and identification of E.coli were done as per routine laboratory protocol directed by Cheesbrough1. The isolation rate of E.coli was 48.57% in stool followed by 17.68% in urine, 25% in wound swabs, and 15.38% in tracheal aspirate etc. Among the 173 isolates 102 (59%) were from males and 71 (41%) were from females. Patients were classified into five age groups: 0-15, 16-30, 31-45, 46-60 and >60 years. E.coli was found highest number in females (13.9%) of age range 31-45 years and in males (22%) belonged to age group of over 60 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method was conducted for 22 different antibiotics. The majority of isolated E.coli were highly sensitive to Imipenem (98.18%), Meropenem (97.37%), Amikacin (91.67%), Amoxiclav (80%), Ceftazidime (73.33%), and Gentamycin (71.76%). The antibiotics Tobramycin and Azithromycin were found as moderately sensitive against E.coli with the susceptibility rate of 52.5% and 50% respectively. The isolates show low degree of susceptibility to Penicillin G (9.52%), Carbenicillin (10%), Erythromycin (19.48%), Amoxycillin (19.59%), and Ampicillin (25%). These findings have clinical and epidemiological significance and provide a benchmark for future studies on the pattern of susceptibility of clinical isolates of E.coli in this region as well as may help the clinician to prescribe the right empirical treatment.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 681-686

scholarly journals Detection and Antibiogram Profile of Enterococcus Species from Local Cheese Sample within Ikare and Akungba Akoko, Ondo State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Charles Osunla
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Enterococcus Species ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cheese Sample

Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora of humans and animals and are increasingly recognized as significant human pathogens and capable of causing major therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus species in two local cheese sample collected from Akungba and Ikare. The isolation of Enterococcus was carried out using standard culture-based techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the Enterococcus species was determined using disk diffusion method. A total number of 93 presumptive Enterococcus species were recovered from forty two different samples over a period of three months. The bacterial count observed on the Bile Aesculin agar ranged from 1.5x104 cfu/ml to 4.6x104 cfu/ml with Akungba sample having the highest bacterial load of 4.6x104 cfu/ml. The Morphology and biochemical characteristics of suspected Enterococcus spp. isolated from the cheese sample revealed Enterococci feacalis as the isolated bacteria. The isolated Enterococcus species were tested against a panel of six antibiotics which include Penicillin G, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem. It was observed that the isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, imipinem and ciprofloxacin while they are resistant to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. The prevalence of Enterococci was confirmed with Enterococcus feacium and Enterococcus faecalis as the predominant species isolated in both cheese sample. The ability of Enterococcus species to survive a range of adverse environments allows multiple routes of cross-contamination of Enterococci in causing human disease, including those from food. Overall, greater understanding of the ability of Enterococcus species to survive stresses, of virulence traits and especially of increasing antibiotic resistance, is needed in order to fully appreciate the complexity of Enterococcus species in causing disease.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI AMONG DIARRHEAL CHILDRENIN WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lafontaine Mesquita TABORDA ◽  
Luiz Antônio da SILVA ◽  
Patricia Puccinelli ORLANDI ◽  
Flávia Serrano BATISTA ◽  
Renata Santos RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Porto Velho

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is one of the main acute and chronic diarrhea causes both in children and adults, mainly in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to characterize EAEC strains isolated from faecal samples and to identify genes potentially contributing to virulence, biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance in children admitted to a pediatric hospital in Porto Velho, Rondônia State. METHODS: The total of 1,625 E. coli specimens were isolated from 591 children in the age group 6 years or younger who were hospitalized in Cosme and Damião Children Hospital in Porto Velho, between February 2010 and February 2012, with acute gastroenteritis. Colonies suggestive of E. coli were subjected to polymerase chain reaction testing in order to identify the virulence factors. The in vitro adhesion assays using HEp-2 adherence were tests. Biofilm detection through spectrophotometry and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted in the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: The mentioned study examined 591 stool samples from children with diarrhea. Diarrheogenic E. coli was found in 27.4% (162/591) of the children. EAEC was the diarreagenic E. coli most frequently associated with diarrhea 52.4% (85/162), which was followed by enteropathogenic E. coli 43.8% (71/162), enterotoxigenic E. coli 2.4% (4/162), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli 1.2% (2/162). The aggR gene was detected in 63.5% (54/85) of EAEC isolates; moreover, statistically significant correlation was observed among typical EAEC (aggR) and aatA (P<0.0001), irp2 (P=0.0357) and shf (P=0.0328). It was recorded that 69% (59/85) of the 85 analyzed EAEC strains were biofilm producers; 73% (43/59) of the biofilm producers carried the aggR gene versus 42.3% (11/26) of non-producers (P=0.0135). In addition, there was association between the aatA gene and biofilm production; 61% (36/59) of the samples presented producer strains, versus 19.2% (5/26) of non-producers (P<0.0004). Antibiotic sensitivity test evidenced that most EAEC were ampicillin 70.6% (60/85), sulfamethoxazole 60% (51/85), tetracycline 44.7% (38/85) and cefotaxime 22.4% (19/85) resistant. CONCLUSION: As far as it is known, the present study is pioneer in Northern Brazil to investigate EAEC virulence factors and to show the antimicrobial susceptibility of EAEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea.

scholarly journals Streptococcal Throat Carriage among Primary School Children Living in Uyo, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e28-e34
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Edem ◽  
Enobong E. Ikpeme ◽  
Mkpouto U. Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractSurveillance of the carrier state for β-hemolytic streptococcal (BHS) throat infections remains essential for disease control. Recent published works from Sub-Saharan Africa have suggested a changing epidemiology in the burden of BHS throat infections. The objective of the present study was therefore to determine the prevalence and pattern of BHS throat carriage in school-aged children in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 276 primary school children in Uyo. Subjects were recruited by multistage random sampling. Obtained throat swabs were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar. Lancefield grouping on positive cultures was done by using the Oxoid Streptococcal Grouping Latex Agglutination Kit, United Kingdom. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done with the disk diffusion method. Associations were tested with Fischer's exact test. The prevalence of BHS carriage was 3.3%. Group C Streptococcus was identified in 89% of isolates and Group G Streptococcus in 11%. Younger age and larger household size were associated with asymptomatic streptococcal throat infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility was highest with cefuroxime and clindamycin (89% of isolates each), while 78% of isolates were susceptible to penicillin. None of the tested isolates was susceptible to co-trimoxazole. The prevalence of streptococcal throat carriage in the study area was low. There were no Group A Streptococcus isolates suggesting an evolving epidemiology of BHS disease in the study area.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Raw Meats, Ready-to-Eat Meats, and Their Related Samples in One Health Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Frederick Adzitey ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Amir Husni Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Raw Meats

Meat is an important food source that can provide a significant amount of protein for human development. The occurrence of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials in meat poses a public health risk. This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (Escherichia coli) isolated from raw meats, ready-to-eat (RTE) meats and their related samples in Ghana. E. coli was isolated using the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Of the 200 examined meats and their related samples, 38% were positive for E. coli. Notably, E. coli was highest in raw beef (80%) and lowest in RTE pork (0%). The 45 E. coli isolates were resistant ≥ 50% to amoxicillin, trimethoprim and tetracycline. They were susceptible to azithromycin (87.1%), chloramphenicol (81.3%), imipenem (74.8%), gentamicin (72.0%) and ciprofloxacin (69.5%). A relatively high intermediate resistance of 33.0% was observed for ceftriaxone. E. coli from raw meats, RTE meats, hands of meat sellers and working tools showed some differences and similarities in their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. Half (51.1%) of the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The E. coli isolates showed twenty-two different resistant patterns, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.0 to 0.7. The resistant pattern amoxicillin (A, n = 6 isolates) and amoxicillin-trimethoprim (A-TM, n = 6 isolates) were the most common. This study documents that raw meats, RTE meats and their related samples in Ghana are potential sources of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and pose a risk for the transfer of resistant bacteria to the food chain, environment and humans.

Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHD IKHSAN KHALID ◽  
JOHN YEW HUAT TANG ◽  
NABILA HUDA BAHARUDDIN ◽  
NASIHA SHAKINA RAHMAN ◽  
NURUL FAIZZAH RAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Pcr Method

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document