scholarly journals Sweet Selenium: Synthesis and Properties of Selenium-Containing Sugars and Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Francesca Mangiavacchi ◽  
Italo Franco Coelho Dias ◽  
Irene Di Lorenzo ◽  
Pawel Grzes ◽  
Martina Palomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Organoselenium Compounds ◽  
Biological Features

In the last decades, organoselenium compounds gained interest due to their important biological features. However, the lack of solubility, which characterizes most of them, makes their actual clinical exploitability a hard to reach goal. Selenosugars, with their intrinsic polarity, do not suffer from this issue and as a result, they can be conceived as a useful alternative. The aim of this review is to provide basic knowledge of the synthetic aspects of selenosugars, selenonium salts, selenoglycosides, and selenonucleotides. Their biological properties will be briefly detailed. Of course, it will not be a comprehensive dissertation but an analysis of what the authors think is the cream of the crop of this interesting research topic.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Evolution of the Biological Features of the Pandemic SARS-CoV-2

Acta Naturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Nikonova ◽  
Eugene B. Faizuloev ◽  
Anastasia V. Gracheva ◽  
Igor Yu. Isakov ◽  
Vitaly V. Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Relationship

The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) represents a challenge for global health. Since the outbreak began, the number of confirmed cases has exceeded 117 million, with more than 2.6 million deaths worldwide. With public health measures aimed at containing the spread of the disease, several countries have faced a crisis in the availability of intensive care units. Currently, a large-scale effort is underway to identify the nucleotide sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that is an etiological agent of COVID-19. Global sequencing of thousands of viral genomes has revealed many common genetic variants, which enables the monitoring of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the tracking of its spread over time. Understanding the current evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is necessary not only for a retrospective analysis of the new coronavirus infection spread, but also for the development of approaches to the therapy and prophylaxis of COVID-19. In this review, we have focused on the general characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Also, we have analyzed available publications on the genetic diversity of the virus and the relationship between the diversity and the biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, such as virulence and contagiousness.

Digital Fingerprinting Based Multimedia Content Distribution

2009 ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Shiguo Lian
Keyword(s):  
Content Distribution ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Digital Fingerprinting ◽  
Distribution Scheme ◽  
The Future ◽  
Multimedia Content Distribution ◽  
Open Issues

In this chapter, the digital fingerprinting technology that is used to trace illegal distributors in multimedia content distribution is investigated. Firstly, the background and basic knowledge of digital fingerprinting- based multimedia distribution are reviewed. Then, some existing fingerprinting algorithms are introduced and compared. Additionally, the methods to embed the fingerprint securely are overviewed and analyzed. As an example, the secure audio distribution scheme is presented, and its performances are evaluated. Finally, some open issues and the future trends in digital fingerprinting are proposed. It is expected to provide valuable information to the students, engineers or researchers interested in this research topic.

scholarly journals Brown Spider (Loxosceles) Venom Toxins as Potential Biotools for the Development of Novel Therapeutics

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Chaves-Moreira ◽  
Fernando Hitomi Matsubara ◽  
Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff ◽  
Elidiana De Bona ◽  
Vanessa Ribeiro Heidemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Venom Toxins ◽  
The Status ◽  
Brown Spider ◽  
Systemic Manifestations

Brown spider envenomation results in dermonecrosis with gravitational spreading characterized by a marked inflammatory reaction and with lower prevalence of systemic manifestations such as renal failure and hematological disturbances. Several toxins make up the venom of these species, and they are mainly peptides and proteins ranging from 5–40 kDa. The venoms have three major families of toxins: phospholipases-D, astacin-like metalloproteases, and the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptides. Serine proteases, serpins, hyaluronidases, venom allergens, and a translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) are also present. Toxins hold essential biological properties that enable interactions with a range of distinct molecular targets. Therefore, the application of toxins as research tools and clinical products motivates repurposing their uses of interest. This review aims to discuss possibilities for brown spider venom toxins as putative models for designing molecules likely for therapeutics based on the status quo of brown spider venoms. Herein, we explore new possibilities for the venom components in the context of their biochemical and biological features, likewise their cellular targets, three-dimensional structures, and mechanisms of action.

A Career's Work, the l -Arabinose Operon: How It Functions and How We Learned It

EcoSal Plus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schleif
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Johns Hopkins University

Very few labs have had the good fortune to have been able to focus for more than 50 years on a relatively narrow research topic and to be in a field in which both basic knowledge and the research technology and methods have progressed as rapidly as they have in molecular biology. My research group, first at Brandeis University and then at Johns Hopkins University, has had this opportunity.

A GPI anchor explains the unique biological features of the common NKG2D-ligand allele MICA*008

2013 ◽  
Vol 454 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omodele Ashiru ◽  
Sheila López-Cobo ◽  
Lola Fernández-Messina ◽  
Samuel Pontes-Quero ◽  
Rachele Pandolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Nucleotide Insertion

The human MICA (MHC I-related chain A) gene, encoding a ligand for the NKG2D (NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein) receptor, is highly polymorphic. A group of MICA alleles, named MICA 5.1 (prototype, MICA*008), produce a truncated protein due to a nucleotide insertion in the transmembrane domain. These alleles are very frequent in all of the human populations studied and they have different biological properties, compared with full-length alleles, e.g. recruitment into exosomes, which makes them very potent for down-modulating the NKG2D receptor in effector immune cells. Moreover, MICA*008 is not affected by viral immune evasion mechanisms that target other MICA alleles. In the present study, we demonstrate that MICA*008 acquires a GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchor and that this modification is responsible for many of the distinct biological features of the truncated MICA alleles, including recruitment of the protein to exosomes. MICA*008 processing is also unusual as it is observed in the endoplasmic reticulum as a Triton™ X-114 soluble protein, partially undergoing GPI modification while the rest is exocytosed, suggesting a new model for MICA*008 release. This is the first report of a GPI-anchored MICA allele. The finding that this modification occurs in both families of human NKG2D ligands, as well as in the murine system, suggests positive pressure to maintain this biochemical feature.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Gene Popularity: Less Than Half of Gene Citations Stem from Gene Regulatory Networks

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Ionut Sebastian Mihai ◽  
Debojyoti Das ◽  
Gabija Maršalkaite ◽  
Johan Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Disease Relevance ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family Membership

The reasons for selecting a gene for further study might vary from historical momentum to funding availability, thus leading to unequal attention distribution among all genes. However, certain biological features tend to be overlooked in evaluating a gene’s popularity. Here we present a meta-analysis of the reasons why different genes have been studied and to what extent, with a focus on the gene-specific biological features. From unbiased datasets we can define biological properties of genes that reasonably may affect their perceived importance. We make use of both linear and nonlinear computational approaches for estimating gene popularity to then compare their relative importance. We find that roughly 25% of the studies are the result of a historical positive feedback, which we may think of as social reinforcement. Of the remaining features, gene family membership is the most indicative followed by disease relevance and finally regulatory pathway association. Disease relevance has been an important driver until the 1990s, after which the focus shifted to exploring every single gene. We also present a resource that allows one to study the impact of reinforcement, which may guide our research toward genes that have not yet received proportional attention.

Organocatalysed Synthesis of Selenium Containing Scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amol D. Sonawane ◽  
Mamoru Koketsu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organoselenium Compounds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Chemist ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Active Research Area ◽  
Diaryl Selenide

: The synthesis of organoselenium compounds continues to be a very active research area, due to their distinct chemical, physical and biological properties. Selenium-based methods have developed rapidly over the past few years and organoselenium chemistry has become a very powerful tool in the hands of organic chemist. This review describes the synthesis of organocatalysed bioactive selenium scaffolds especially including transition metal-catalysed diaryl selenide synthesis, Cu-catalysed selenium scaffolds, Pd-catalysed selenium scaffolds, asymmetric catalysis, Nickel catalysed selenium scaffolds and Rh-catalysed selenium scaffolds.

scholarly journals Recent Studies on Cyclic 1,7-Diarylheptanoids: Their Isolation, Structures, Biological Activities, and Chemical Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurngdong Jahng ◽  
Jae Gyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Linear Types ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
Plant Families

Diarylheptanoids are a family of plant secondary metabolites with a 7 carbon skeleton possessing two phenyl rings at the 1- and 7-positions. They can be subdivided into acyclic and cyclic diarylheptanoids where the latter are further divided into meta,meta-bridged biphenyls ([7.0]metacyclophanes) and meta,para-bridged diphenyl ether heptanoids (oxa[7.1]metapara-cyclophanes). Since the isolation of curcumin from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in 1815 which was named curcumin, a variety of diarylheptanoids have been isolated from a number of plant families such as Aceraceae, Actinidiaceae, Betulaceae, Burseraceae, Casuarinaceae, Juglandaceae, Leguminosae, Myricaceae, and Zingiberaceae. Earlier studies on these diarylheptanoids have been summarized on several occasions, of which the main themes only focus on isolation, structure elucidation, and the biological properties of linear types. Only a few have covered cyclic diarylheptanoids and their chemical synthesis has been covered lastly by Zhu et al. in 2000. The present paper has, therefore, covered recent progress in cyclic diarylheptanoids focusing on the isolation, structural and biological features, and chemical synthesis.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide: Opportunities and Challenges in Biomedicine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Pariya Zare ◽  
Mina Aleemardani ◽  
Amelia Seifalian ◽  
Zohreh Bagher ◽  
Alexander M. Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Future Potential

Desirable carbon allotropes such as graphene oxide (GO) have entered the field with several biomedical applications, owing to their exceptional physicochemical and biological features, including extreme strength, found to be 200 times stronger than steel; remarkable light weight; large surface-to-volume ratio; chemical stability; unparalleled thermal and electrical conductivity; and enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation properties. The presence of functional groups on graphene oxide (GO) enhances further interactions with other molecules. Therefore, recent studies have focused on GO-based materials (GOBMs) rather than graphene. The aim of this research was to highlight the physicochemical and biological properties of GOBMs, especially their significance to biomedical applications. The latest studies of GOBMs in biomedical applications are critically reviewed, and in vitro and preclinical studies are assessed. Furthermore, the challenges likely to be faced and prospective future potential are addressed. GOBMs, a high potential emerging material, will dominate the materials of choice in the repair and development of human organs and medical devices. There is already great interest among academics as well as in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND RESPONSE OF SALMONELLA BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POULTRY PRODUCTS TO ANTIBIOTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
M. A. Timofeeva ◽  
O. N. Larina ◽  
N. A. Shkil
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Antigenic Profile ◽  
Selection Of

Salmonelloses, which are associated with products from clinically healthy animals that undergone veterinary and sanitary observations and examinations and are secondary-contaminated in the process, transportation, processing and marketing, are at the forefront of the list of emerging food zoonoses. The haphazard use of antibiotics in agriculture contributes to the selection of resistant clones of microorganisms. The high resistance of strains of salmonella isolated from poultry production poses a real risk of transmission through the food chain to humans, as well as being perpetuated and passed on to subsequent generations of bacteria, expanding geographical areas as a result of globalization. Separation of Salmonella microorganisms from poultry production was carried out in accordance with GOST 31468-2012, antigenic profile of isolated isolates was determined according to the classification of Kaufmann-White, sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial preparations - according to MUK 4.2.1890-04. In the study of 503 samples of poultry production 42 isolates of microorganisms of the genus Salmonella were isolated, which amounted to 8.35% of the number of samples studied. Sensitivity to antimicrobial agents showed that 42% of the isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and only 5-16% were resistant to antibiotics of the II generation of fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) and III generation of cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone). The authors found out the change in resistance towards cephepium, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin resistance in the secondary isolates of S. virhow. The study of biological properties, frequency of isolation and resistance to various AMF of Salmonella microorganisms is an integral part of the development of mechanisms for controlling the formation of resistance to antimicrobial agents.

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