scholarly journals Effect of Roasting, Boiling, and Frying Processing on 29 Polyphenolics and Antioxidant Activity in Seeds and Shells of Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2192
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Mustafa ◽  
Doaa Abouelenein ◽  
Laura Acquaticci ◽  
Laura Alessandroni ◽  
Rehab H. Abd-Allah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content ◽  
First Time

Sweet chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) are highly prized nuts, and the consumption of fresh chestnuts is usually preceded by roasting, boiling, and frying. The aim of this work was to simultaneously analyze 29 polyphenolic compounds for the first time in raw, boiled, roasted, and fried chestnut seeds and shells using HPLC-MS/MS. Principal component analysis depending on the HPLC-MS/MS results showed that roasting, boiling, and frying affected the contents of 25 detected phenolic compounds in a unique way, of which the most notable phenolics were gallic acid, ellagic acid, and (+)-catechin. Additionally, total polyphenolic content (TPC) was measured via the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and TPC in seeds and inner and outer shells was increased in all treatments except for microwave-roasted seeds. Furthermore, the higher TPC in the inner and outer shells when compared to seeds supported their higher antioxidant activity (AOA) determined via the DPPH experiment. AOA of seeds was increased in all treatments, while the AOA of shells was higher in roasting and lower in boiling and frying treatments. The assessment of these changes is necessary so that chestnut seed consumption and the recycling of their shells as a natural source of antioxidants can be maximized.

scholarly journals Peel of Traditional Apple Varieties as a Great Source of Bioactive Compounds: Extraction by Micro-Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Lončarić ◽  
Katarina Matanović ◽  
Perla Ferrer ◽  
Tihomir Kovač ◽  
Bojan Šarkanj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion ◽  
Phase Dispersion ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Micro matrix solid phase dispersion (micro-MSPD) was optimized by response surface methodology for the extraction of polyphenols from the peel of twelve traditional and eight commercial apple varieties grown in Croatia. The optimized micro-MSPD procedure includes the use of 0.2 g of sample, 0.8 g of dispersant, a 57% solution of methanol in water as the solvent and 5 mL of extract volume. The total polyphenolic index (TPI) and antioxidant activity (AA) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. Eighteen polyphenolic compounds were identified in all investigated apples by HPLC-DAD and LC-(ESI)-MS. The peel of traditional apple varieties had higher contents of all investigated polyphenols. Calculated relative contribution of polyphenol groups indicated non-flavonoids (28.6%) and flavanols (46.2%) as the major contributors to the total polyphenolic content in traditional and commercial apple varieties, respectively. The most abundant polyphenol in traditional apple peel was chlorogenic acid, procyanidin B2 and epicatechin (1143 ± 755 µg/g dw, 954 ± 343 µg/g dw and 560 ± 362 µg/g dw, respectively). The peel of varieties ‘Apistar’, ‘Bobovac’ and ‘Božićnica’ could be highlighted as an important source of polyphenols.

scholarly journals Distribution of sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Mill. in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Haltofová ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
First Time

Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Mill. is an introduced species in the Czech Republic. It is recorded roughly from 300 localities. To the end of 2002, the occurrence of chestnut was verified at about 140 macrolocalities. The most northern locality recorded so far was Choustníkovo Hradiště in the region of Hradec Králové. Chestnuts occur generally to an altitude of 500 m (80% of all examined localities), at higher altitudes they suffer from climatic extremes particularly late frosts. The occurrence of chestnut was recorded at 27 localities (ca. 20% localities under investigation) where altitudes exceed 500 m. The highest location of chestnut is locality Nejdek, Karlovy Vary District where chestnut trees thrive at an altitude of 678 m. At altitudes over 600 m, two other localities were recorded. The health condition of chestnut is relatively good. At some localities, however, crown drying occurs as a result of not quite ideal climatic conditions. Within our research, quarantine Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. was determined for the first time in the Czech Republic at the only examined locality.

scholarly journals Relationships Between the Content of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Polish Honey Varieties as a Tool for Botanical Discrimination

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
Małgorzata Stryjecka ◽  
Anna Teter ◽  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid

The study compared the content of eight phenolic acids and four flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of six Polish varietal honeys. An attempt was also made to determine the correlations between the antioxidant parameters of the honeys and their polyphenol profile using principal component analysis. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (ABTS) and reduction capacity (FRAP) were determined spectrophotometrically, and the phenolic compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The buckwheat honeys showed the strongest antioxidant activity, most likely because they had the highest concentrations of total phenols, total flavonoids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid and chrysin. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the data showed significant relationships between the botanic origin of the honey, the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of the six Polish varietal honeys. The strongest, significant correlations were shown for parameters of antioxidant activity and TPC, TFC, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. Analysis of four principal components (explaining 86.9% of the total variance), as a classification tool, confirmed the distinctiveness of the Polish honeys in terms of their antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Ripening Changes of the Chemical Composition, Proteolysis, and Lipolysis of a Hair Sheep Milk Mexican Manchego-Style Cheese: Effect of Nano-Emulsified Curcumin

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Mariam Sardiñas-Valdés ◽  
Hugo Sergio García-Galindo ◽  
Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul ◽  
José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez ◽  
Josafat Alberto Hernández-Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Sheep Milk

The influence of nano-emulsified curcumin (NEC) added to the hair sheep milk, prior to cheese-making, on the chemical composition, lipolysis, and proteolysis of manchego-style cheeses were evaluated throughout 80 days of ripening. The addition of NEC to the milk resulted in cheeses with the same moisture content (42.23%), total protein (23.16%), and water activity (0.969) (p > 0.05). However, it increased the fat and ash levels from 26.82% and 3.64% in B 10 ppm to 30.08% and 3.85% in C 10 ppm, respectively, at the end of the ripening (p < 0.05). The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of experimental cheeses increased during ripening, and the fatty acid groups showed significant changes occurred to a greater extent in the first days of ripening (p < 0.05). The lipolysis increased consistently in all cheeses until day 40 of ripening, to decrease at the end, while proteolysis increased during all ripening time in all samples (p < 0.05); the addition of NEC did not alter the primary proteolysis of manchego-style cheeses, but it modified secondary proteolysis and lipolysis (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis was useful for discriminating cheeses according to their chemical composition and classified into four groups according to their ripening time. This research highlights the potential of CNE to fortify dairy foods to enhance their functionality.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Flower Development in Castanea Sativa Mill.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Alhinho ◽  
Miguel Jesus Nunes Ramos ◽  
Sofia Alves ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Leonor Morais-Cecílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Female Flowers

The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Methods and (Bio) Sensors for Rosmarinic Acid Investigation

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Iulia Gabriela David ◽  
Dana Elena Popa ◽  
Mihaela Buleandră ◽  
Mihaela Carmen Cheregi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Electroactive Species ◽  
Electrochemical Methods Of Analysis

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an important bioactive phenolic acid with significant biochemical activities, including the antioxidant one. It is widely found in plants of the families Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae and has many uses in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. RA is an electroactive species owing to the presence of the two catechol groups in its structure. Due to their inherent characteristics, such as sensitivity, selectivity, ease of operation and not too high costs, electrochemical methods of analysis are interesting tools for the assessment of redox-active compounds. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the redox potential of the analyte and its capability to donate electrons and, consequently, its antioxidant activity. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed overview of the electrochemical (bio)sensors and methods, in both stationary and dynamic systems, applied for RA investigation under different aspects. These comprise its antioxidant activity, its interaction with biological important molecules and the quantification of RA or total polyphenolic content in different samples.

scholarly journals TOTAL POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SILYBUM MARIANUM CULTURES GROWN ON DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hattem Mekky ◽  
Samah El Sohafy ◽  
Rasha Abu El-khair ◽  
Amr El Hawiet
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Objective: The present study was designed to study the effect of supplementing Silybum marianum cultures with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators on the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the produced cultures.Methods: The total polyphenolic content of 23 extracts of calli was calculated as µg of gallic acid/mg of dry weight extract (DWE) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was calculated as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay for extracts containing more than 10 µg gallic acid/mg DWE.Results: Most of the combinations showed an increase in the total polyphenolic concentration compared to the wild plant. However, cultures grown on media supplemented with combinations of benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and gebberellic acid (Gb), adenine (Ad) and kinetin (Kin), BAP and indole acetic acid (IAA) possessed the highest total polyphenolic contents 20.5, 13.09 and 12.15 µg gallic acid/mg DWE, respectively. However, only (BAP+Gb), (BAP+1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), IAA, kin and (BAP+Ad) showed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity calculated as trolox equivalent with 2.65, 1.56, 1.56, 1.35 and 1.22 folds increase over the wild plant, respectively.Conclusion: The results obtained clearly indicated that changing the growth regulator system of Silybum marianum cultures serves as an easy and reliable method for increasing the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of cultures.

scholarly journals Use of Highly Discriminating Morphological Characters and Isozymes in the Study of Spanish Chestnut Cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo ◽  
María Belén Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Ana María Ramos-Cabrer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Morphological characters (six traits) and isozymes (four systems, five loci) were used to discriminate between Spanish chestnut cultivars (Castanea sativa Mill.) from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 701 accessions (representing 168 local cultivars) were analyzed from collections made between 1989 and 2003 in the main chestnut growing areas: 31 were from Andalucía (12 cultivars), 293 from Asturias (65 cultivars), 25 from Castilla-León (nine cultivars), four from Extremadura (two cultivars) and 348 from Galicia (80 cultivars). Data were synthesized using multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 152 Spanish cultivars were verified: 58 cultivars of major importance and 94 of minor importance, of which 18 had high intracultivar variation. Thirty-seven cultivars were clustered into 14 synonymous groups. Six of these were from Galicia, one from Castilla-León (El Bierzo), four from Asturias, one from Asturias and Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and two from Asturias, Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and Galicia. The chestnut cultivars from Galicia and Asturias were undifferentiated in genetic terms, indicating that they are not genetically isolated. Overall, chestnut cultivars from southern Spain showed the least variation. Many (58%) of Spanish cultivars produced more than 100 nuts/kg; removing this low market-value character will be a high priority. The data obtained will be of use in chestnut breeding programs in Spain and elsewhere.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITION IN ACCESSIONS OF THE MANGABA ACTIVE GERMPLASM BANK

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
PRISCILLA SANTANA SANTOS ◽  
LISIANE DOS SANTOS FREITAS ◽  
EVANDRO NEVES MUNIZ ◽  
JOSEFA GRASIELA SILVA SANTANA ◽  
ANA VERUSKA CRUZ DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

ABSTRACT Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit species native to Brazil, belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Its cultivation is predominantly extractivist and its antioxidant properties have been recently reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in fruits of accession from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands (BI, CA, LG, PR, PT and TC). The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which identified chlorogenic acid (93.71 - 131.66 mg.100g-1), ferulic acid (0.85 - 2.27 mg.100g-1) and rutin (238.59 -442.94 mg.100g-1). The accessions CA and PR showed the highest values of total phenols (1179.39 and 1167.05 mg GAE.100g-1, respectively). The accessions CA and TC had the highest concentration of the major compound rutin (436.78 and 442.94 mg.100g-1, respectively). Antioxidant activity values ranged from 125.95 to 158.67 g.g-1 DPPH. Principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four groups, due to the genetic variability verified in previous studies. The results will be useful to guide actions of selection and future breeding program of the species.

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