Avenanthramides: Unique Bioactive Substances of Oat Grain in the Context of Cultivar, Cropping System, Weather Conditions and Other Grain Parameters

Our study was focused on the evaluation of the content of a wider spectrum of eight avenanthramides (AVNs) as unique components of oat grain under the effects of four selected factors (cultivar, locality, cropping system, and year). The weather effects on changes in the AVN content and their relationship to other important parameters of oat grain were further evaluated in more detail. A sensitive UHPLC system coupled with a QExactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer was used for AVN quantification. AVNs confirmed a high variability (RDS = 72.7–113.5%), which was dominantly influenced by the locality and year factors. While most AVN types confirmed mutually high correlations (r = 0.7–0.9), their correlations with the other 10 grain parameters were lower (r ≤ 0.48). Their significant correlations (0.27–0.46) with β-D-glucan could be used in perspective in breeding programs for the synergetic increase of both parameters. PCA analysis and Spearman correlations based on individual cultivars confirmed a significant effect of June and July precipitation on the increase of Σ AVNs. However, the results also indicated that higher precipitation can generate favorable conditions for related factors, such as preharvest sprouting evoking a direct increase of AVNs synthesis in oat grain.

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Occurrence of rice preharvest sprouting varies greatly depending on past weather conditions during grain filling

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 108087

Author(s):

HyeonSeok Lee ◽

MyoungGoo Choi ◽

WoonHa Hwang ◽

JaeHyeok Jeong ◽

SeoYeong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Preharvest Sprouting

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Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone

Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник Меліорація і водне господарство ◽

10.31073/mivg202002-256 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-69

Author(s):

Yu. O. Tararico ◽

Yu. V. Soroka ◽

R. V. Saidak

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Supply ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Cropping System ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Winter Rape ◽

Average Value ◽

Dry Steppe

Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016 the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

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Promising varieties of spring glumaceous oat of the mowing and grain-mowing directions, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213601003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 01003

Author(s):

Elena Vologzhanina ◽

Galina Batalova

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Positive Dependence ◽

Green Mass ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Green Mass Yield ◽

Favorable Conditions

The results of the study of 12 varieties and promising lines of glumaceous oat in the competitive variety testing of the FASC of the North-East (Kirov region) in the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity, ecological plasticity and stability of the genotypes of glumaceous oat for feed and universal use in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The dependences of grain yield and dry matter harvesting on the state of agro-climatic resources (HTC), temperature and precipitation are established. The contrasting weather conditions during the years of research allowed to conduct the most complete assessment of the studied genotypes. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield of green mass of oat were formed in 2020 (Ij=3.76), grain - in 2019 (Ij=1.35). The average degree of positive dependence of green mass yield on the height of oat plants was revealed (r=0.51). The variety of the high-intensity type of the universal direction Medved, promising lines of the mowing direction (178h13 and 245h14) are distinguished.

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Morphologic Characteristics Variability in Prunus spinosa L. Shrubs Identified in Southern Area of Oltenia, Romania

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb10310364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 447-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sina N. COSMULESCU ◽

Florentina GAVRILA CALUSARU

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Tree Species ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

High Variability ◽

Stem Height ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Prunus Spinosa ◽

Morphologic Characteristics

This paper aims to analyse the variability of morphological characteristics of Prunus spinosa L. shrubs, identified and studied in the spontaneous flora in southern Oltenia, Romania (localities Calopar and Gura Văii). The observations made on trunk diameter, stem height, spinosity degree, ability to form basal shoots, have outlined the high variability, which is useful in breeding programs. Variability coefficient ranged between 26.02% and 30.87% for the stem diameter, between 23.48% and 32.32% for the plant height, between 30.93% and 37.81% for canopy diameter. Based on the obtained results, the C31, GV26, GV28, GV29, GV30, GV31, GV33, GV34, GV37 and GV8, GV9, GV27, GV35, C5, C24, C25, C26 and C29 genotypes are recommended for fixing the eroded lands, owing to their very strong, strong and medium ability to form basal shoots; while C10, C12, C23, C27, C28, C30, GV6, GV10, GV24, GV25, GV32 and GV36 genotypes are recommended to be studied as rootstocks in fruit tree species, having in view the low or missing vigor and ability to form basal shoots.

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Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2015000800008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 698-706

Author(s):

Rafael Nörnberg ◽

José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽

Henrique de Souza Luche ◽

Elisane Weber Tessmann ◽

Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Preharvest Sprouting ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Falling Number ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

Abstract:The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.

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Physical purity and germination of sugarcane seeds (caryopses) (Saccharum spp.)

Revista Brasileira de Sementes ◽

10.1590/s0101-31222010000200017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 140-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juliana Terezinha Caieiro ◽

Maristela Panobianco ◽

João Carlos Bespalhok Filho ◽

Osvaldo de Castro Ohlson

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Germination Test ◽

Paper Substrate ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Saccharum Spp ◽

Test Study ◽

Alternating Temperature ◽

Incubation Temperatures ◽

Favorable Conditions

Plant breeding is generally done through sexual reproduction even when the species is propagated asexually for commercial exploitation, as for example, in sugarcane. Therefore, the development of procedures to evaluate sugarcane seed viability is important for plant breeding programs. The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for analyzing the viability of sugarcane seeds (Saccharum spp.). Three crosses were used, two biparental crosses and one polycross. For the germination test study, two substrates (paper and sand) and three constant incubation temperatures (25 ºC, 30 ºC and 35 ºC), in the presence of constant light and also an alternating temperatures (20-30 ºC), with 8 hours light (30 ºC) and 16 hours darkness (20 ºC), were studied. Seedlings were evaluated every five days. The results demonstrated that temperature affected sugarcane seed germination with the most favorable conditions being the alternating temperature (20-30 ºC) and the constant temperature of 30 ºC on a paper substrate.

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Temporal variation in soil acidity

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/s97022 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M. K. Conyers ◽

N. C. Uren ◽

K. R. Helyar ◽

G. J. Poile ◽

B. R. Cullis

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variation ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Variable Response ◽

Related Factors ◽

Exchangeable Al ◽

Eastern Australia

Seasonal variation in the response of crops and pastures to limestone application has been observed on acidic soils in south-eastern Australia. Our hypothesis was that temporal variation in soil acidity related factors may contribute to this variable response. Soils from 4 annual pasture sites were sampled at least monthly for 3 years during 1988–1990 to monitor changes in pH(CaCl2) and in concentrations of exchangeable aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn). The sites received no fertiliser or cultivation and therefore allowed for the estimation of natural temporal variation. Temporal variation in soil pH during a year ranged from 0 to 0·45 pH units depending on the site, soil depth, and the weather conditions. The larger changes in soil pH were associated with more extreme climatic conditions than normal, e.g. following the break of season after a hot, dry summer (autumn 1988) or during periods of above-average rainfall in autumn and early spring (1990). Temporal variation in pH was less than the spatial variability at the sites but greater than the long-term net acidification rate reported for the region. Temporal variation in the concentration of exchangeable Al ranged from 0 to 0·4 cmol(+)/kg during a year and varied primarily with the inverse of pH. Variations in the concentration of exchangeable Mn ranged from 0·05 to 0·35 cmol(+)/kg during a year. The concentration of exchangeable Mn increased over summer to an extent dependent on the drying of the soil. At the 2 sites with duplex profiles, maxima in the concentration of exchangeable Mn also occurred in spring, particularly in the warm wet spring of 1990. Soil tests for soil acidity therefore represent guides to probable risks of toxicity, as pH and the concentrations of exchangeable Al and Mn may change between soil sampling, sowing, and the period of crop or annual pasture growth. Such variations will alter the responsiveness of crops and pastures to lime.

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PYRUS ZANGEZURA (ROSACEAE) AT SAINT PETERSBURG

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2019-3-12-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 180 (3) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

K. G. Tkachenko ◽

G. A. Firsov ◽

L. F. Yandovka ◽

A. V. Volchanskaya ◽

N. E. Staroverov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative State ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Peter The Great ◽

Adverse Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Pollinating Insects ◽

The Common

Pyrus zangezura Maleev (Rosaceae) is a rare species representing the native vegetation of Armenia (Southern Transcaucasus). It was first described in 1936. P. zangezura has been cultivated at the Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia) since 1949, where it has reached the height of 8,0 m. For many years, it was in its vegetative state. The first flowering was observed in 2016 (the plant entered the reproductive state). The first progeny from seed was obtained in April 2019. Fruit size was assessed for P. zangezura plants in the dynamics of their development. The studied plants of P. zangezura in the environments of St. Petersburg have demonstrated a high fruiting potential – on average, 109 flowers per 1 m of a shoot. Observations have shown that not all ovules in the opened flowers of P. zangezura are fertilized and produce fruits and seeds. A significant part of the opened flowers, a few days after the onset of flowering, dry up and fall off. On average, 7 fruits are set on 1 m of the shoot in P. zangezura. The reasons for the low flower setting may be variable: impaired pollination processes and insufficient fertility of pollen, underdevelopment of the flower morphological structures, or lack of pollinating insects due to adverse weather conditions. An X-ray analysis of the seeds from the harvests of 2016, 2017 and 2018 showed that the number of plump and fully developed seeds (grades IV and V) in fruits has been growing year by year. As an ornamental plant, P. zangezura may adorn any botanical garden, but it is also promising for urban landscaping, for example, in St. Petersburg. Even in the vegetative state, its elongated lanceolate glossy leaves make it appreciably different from the common P. communis L., and it is especially ornamental during flowering and fruiting. It is as winter-hardy as the common pear-tree, demonstrates resistance to diseases and pests, and may be of importance for breeding programs aimed at the development of resistant cultivars for the Northwest of Russia.

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Botanical Digitization: Application of MorphoLeaf in 2D Shape Visualization, Digital Morphometrics, and Species Delimitation, using Homologous Landmarks of Cucurbitaceae Leaves as a Model

10.1101/2020.11.16.384230 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oluwatobi A. Oso ◽

Adeniyi A. Jayeola

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Data Extraction ◽

High Variability ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Pca Analysis ◽

Digital Identification ◽

Plant Groups ◽

Blade Area ◽

Outline Analysis

ABSTRACTMorphometrics has been applied in several fields of science including botany. Plant leaves are been one of the most important organs in the identification of plants due to its high variability across different plant groups. The differences between and within plant species reflect variations in genotypes, development, evolution, and environment. While traditional morphometrics has contributed tremendously to reducing the problems that come with the identification of plants and delimitation of species based on morphology, technological advancements have led to the creation of deep learning digital solutions that made it easy to study leaves and detect more characters to complement already existing leaf datasets. In this study, we demonstrate the use of MorphoLeaf in generating morphometric dataset from 140 leaf specimens from seven Cucurbitaceae species via scanning of leaves, extracting landmarks, data extraction, landmarks data quantification, and reparametrization and normalization of leaf contours. PCA analysis revealed that blade area, blade perimeter, tooth area, tooth perimeter, height of (each position of the) tooth from tip, and the height of each (position of the) tooth from base are important and informative landmarks that contribute to the variation within the species studied. Our results demonstrate that MorphoLeaf can quantitatively track diversity in leaf specimens, and it can be applied to functionally integrate morphometrics and shape visualization in the digital identification of plants. The success of digital morphometrics in leaf outline analysis presents researchers with opportunities to apply and carry out more accurate image-based researches in diverse areas including, but not limited to, plant development, evolution, and phenotyping.

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Powdery mildew infection dependent on weather factors in vineyards near Keszthely in 2008

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/16/2/885 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

P. Taksony ◽

E. Tarczal ◽

K. Maráczi ◽

I. J. Holb ◽

L. Kocsis

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Vegetative Period ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Powdery Mildew Infection

Weather conditions are extremely influential on grapevine productivity and quality. High temperature and humidity makes favorable conditions for powdery mildew infection respectively. The meteorological data around Keszthely, Hungary show the vegetative period is dryer and warmer than it was closely hundred years ago. We examined the development of powdery mildew infection on two variet ies Vitis vinifera L. cv Italian Riesling and cv Merlot in relation with meteorological data. No primer infections were appeared in the vineyard. The year of 2008 was quite ideal for the accumulation of Erysiphe necator in the experimental vineyard. Although the dry summer can lower the infection, but if the high temperature is coupling with rainfall, the possibilities of powdery mildew infection is going to grow higher during the upcoming years.

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