scholarly journals The Impact of the Seasoning Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Modified and Unmodified Epoxy Adhesive Compounds

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudawska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Adhesive Compound ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Amine Curing ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the adhesive samples seasoning conditions (temperature and time) on selected mechanical properties of four epoxy adhesive compounds (two unmodified and two modified ones). The samples were made of Epidian 53 epoxy resin mixed with the two different amine curing agents in appropriate stoichiometric proportions. A filler in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder was used as a modifier. The adhesive compound samples were cured for seven days. Six seasoning variants were used. Four of them were related with the seasoning time at ambient temperature of 24 ± 2 °C for: one month, two months, five months and eight months, respectively. Two other variants were related with seasoning at negative temperature (−10 ± 2 °C) for one month. The last variant (F) also included seasoning at ambient temperature (24 ± 2 °C) for five months right after seasoning in negative temperature. Cured and cylinder-shaped adhesive compound samples were subjected to compressive strength tests (according to the ISO 604 standard). The strength tests were performed using a Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine. Based on the tests, it was observed that both temperature and time of seasoning influenced the adhesive’s mechanical properties. In the perspective of eight months, these changes were relatively minor for the samples seasoned at ambient temperature. The adhesive samples prepared for the tests were especially sensitive to negative temperature.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Salt Water Aging on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesives Compounds

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudawska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Epoxy Adhesives ◽  
Adhesive Compound ◽  
Strength Tests

The objective of this study is to compare the effect of selected operating factors on the mechanical properties of epoxy adhesive compounds aged in salt water. Five different water environments were tested: tap water, normal seawater (reference salinity value), seawater with double reference salinity value, seawater with half of the reference salinity and seawater with a quarter of the reference salinity value. Samples of two different adhesive compounds were prepared using the epoxy resin and triethylenetetramine curing agent. One of the compounds was filled with calcium carbonate. The samples were aged in five different water environments for three months, one month and one week, respectively. Mechanical properties of the cured adhesive compound samples were determined via strength tests performed on the Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine in compliance with the EN ISO 604 standard. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effect of different seawater environments on selected mechanical properties (including strength) of the fabricated adhesive compounds.

scholarly journals Influence of fineness level and applied agglomeration pressure of peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.) on the mechanical properties of the obtained product

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Urszula Sadowskaʼ ◽  
Andrzej Żabiński ◽  
Krzysztof Mudryk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Brazilian Test ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamber Diameter

The objective of the conducted study was to evaluate the impact of the pressure agglomeration process of peppermint herb on the mechanical properties of the obtained product. The separated fractions of peppermint with 0.5-2.5 and 2.5-5 mm particles were compacted using a hydraulic press Fritz Heckert EU 20, with pressure 50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa. A closed matrix with the compression chamber diameter of 15.6 mm was used. Every time, a 2-g herb sample (corresponding to the weight of tea used for the production of tea bags) was poured into the matrix. Thus, compacted herb in the form of a straight cylinder was obtained. When producing the agglomerate compaction work was determined. Strength tests of the obtained agglomerate were conducted using the MTS Insight 2 testing machine. The density of the produced agglomerate, its compaction level and strength in the Brazilian test was calculated. The obtained results indicate that the values of the tested parameters increase with the increase of pressure in the tested range, yet differences occur between the tested herb fractions. Typically, the agglomerate produced from 0.5-2.5 mm fraction is characterized by a greater density, and the higher level of agglomerate compaction is obtained using 2.5-5 mm herb fraction. The highest strength determined using Brazilian test was determined for agglomerate produced from 0.5-5 mm peppermint herb fraction at 200 MPa pressure and 0.5-2.5 mm fraction using 150 and 200 MPa pressure.

scholarly journals Comparison of the adhesive joints’ strength of the similar and dissimilar systems of metal alloy/polymer composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudawska
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
Adhesive Compound ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Amine Curing

AbstractThe aim of the present article is to compare the strength of the adhesive lap joints of the selected materials used in aviation. The joints were made in the similar and dissimilar systems with the use of three epoxy adhesives. Three different adherends were used: the EN AW-7075 aluminium alloy, the aramid-epoxy composite and the carbon-epoxy composite. Three adhesive compounds based on the Epidian 53 epoxy resin and three types of curing agents: two amine curing agents—Z1 (triethylenetetramine curing agent) and IDA, and one polyamide curing agent—PAC (polyaminoamide C) were used to make the adhesive joints. Three variants of similar joints and two variants of dissimilar joints were prepared for the tests. The shear strength was defined according to the ISO 4587 standard, with the use of Zwick/Roell 150 testing machine. In addition, the joined materials’ surface roughness was measured. Based on the strength test’s results, it was observed that the highest strength was obtained by the adhesive joints made with the Epidian 53/PAC/100:80 adhesive compound and that, in the majority of cases; similar joints show higher strength.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ageing in Water Solution Containing Iron Sulfate on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesives

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudawska ◽  
Valentina Brunella
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Adhesive Compound ◽  
Amine Curing

This study investigates the effect of operating factors such as seasoning in water solution containing iron (II) sulfate—FeSO4 (5 different water solution variants were tested) on the mechanical properties of an adhesive compound made of epoxy resin and amine curing agent, in a ratio of 100 g resin to 12 g curing agent. Strength tests of cured adhesive compound samples were performed on the Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine in compliance with the EN ISO 604 standard. During the tests, compression modulus, compressive strength and compressive strain were measured. Obtained results served as a basis for analyzing the effect of a water environment containing iron sulfate on a given adhesive compound. It has been found that too high iron sulfate content in water has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of adhesive compound samples.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact on the Mechanical Properties of Modification of Oligohydroxyethers in Organic Solvent Solution with Rubbers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Vitalii Bezgin ◽  
Agata Dudek ◽  
Adam Gnatowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes and presents the chemical modification of linear hydroxyethers (LHE) with different molecular weights (380, 640, and 1830 g/mol) with the addition of three types of rubbers (polysulfide rubber (PSR), polychloroprene rubber (PCR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)). The main purpose of choosing this type of modification and the materials used was the possibility to use it in industrial settings. The modification process was conducted for a very wide range of modifier additions (rubber) per 100 g LHE. The materials obtained in the study were subjected to strength tests in order to determine the effect of the modification on functional properties. Mechanical properties of the modified materials were improved after the application of the modifier (rubber) to polyhydroxyether (up to certain modifier content). The most favorable changes in the tested materials were registered in the modification of LHE-1830 with PSR. In the case of LHE-380 and LHE-640 modified in cyclohexanol (CH) and chloroform (CF) solutions, an increase in the values of the tested properties was also obtained, but to a lesser extent than for LHE-1830. The largest changes were registered for LHE-1830 with PSR in CH solution: from 12.1 to 15.3 MPa for compressive strength tests, from 0.8 to 1.5 MPa for tensile testing, from 0.8 to 14.7 MPa for shear strength, and from 1% to 6.5% for the maximum elongation. The analysis of the available literature showed that the modification proposed by the authors has not yet been presented in any previous scientific paper.

scholarly journals The impact of the health condition of oaks from the Krotoszyn Plateau on the mechanical properties of timber structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Jarosław Siwiński ◽  
Katarzyna Kubiak ◽  
Miłosz Tkaczyk ◽  
Anna Mazur ◽  
Ryszard Rekucki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health State ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Prior Selection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The study was conducted to perform a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of wood samples derived from oaks in the Krotoszyn Plateau, which depend on the health state of the trees. Strength parameters of oak wood were calculated for selected diseased and healthy trees (according to the Roloff classification). The study was conducted by a modified method described in the standard Polish Norm PN EN 408+ A1: 2012. For testing, prior selection of wood samples showed that more wood samples of diseased trees compared with those of healthy oaks did not fulfil the Polish standard requirements. According to the method used, the average results of strength tests of timber structures from healthy oaks exhibited higher strength parameters than those of the diseased trees.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical, Microstructures and Wear Behaviours of Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Mussel Shell Powder for Automobile Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Idawu Yakubu Suleiman ◽  
Auwal Kasim ◽  
Abdullahi Tanko Mohammed ◽  
Munir Zubairu Sirajo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shell Powder

This paper aims to investigate the mechanical (tensile, hardness, impact, elongation), microstructure and wear behaviours of aluminium alloy reinforced with mussel shell powder (MSP) at different weight percentages (0 wt. % to 15 wt. %) at 3 wt. % interval. The mussel shell powder was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The matrix and the composites’ morphology were studied using a scanning electron microscope attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy for the distribution of mussel shell powder particles within the matrix. The wear behaviour of the alloy and composites produced at various reinforcements were carried out using a Taber abrasion wear-testing machine. The XRF showed the compositions of MSP to contain calcium oxide (95.70 %), silica (0.83 %) and others. Mechanical properties showed that tensile values increase with increases in MSP, hardness value increases from 6 wt. % to 15 wt. % of MSP. The impact energy decreased from 42.6 J at 3 wt. % to 22.6 J at 15 wt. %; the percentage elongation also decreased from 37.4 % at 3 wt. % to 20.5 % at 15 wt. % MSP, respectively. The bending stress results increase with increases in the percentage of reinforcement. The morphologies revealed that uniform distribution of MSP within the matrix resulted to improvement in mechanical properties. The wear resistance of the composites increases with increase in the applied load and decreases with increases in the weight percentage of MSP and can be used in the production of brake pads and insulators in the automobile industry.

Test of Physical Mechanical Properties of Gingko，Hickory Nut and their Stalks

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 1145-1150
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Xu ◽  
Wen Bin Yao ◽  
Jiu Hua Xu ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Mechanics

In order to get the physical mechanics of gingko，hickory nut and their stalks, microprocessor controlled electronic universal testing machine (WDW-5E) was used to study the basic physical characteristics，pulling resistance and cutting resistance of their stalk in different harvest time and moisture contents. The impact of physical mechanics of cones and stalks on the picking process were analyzed and some concrete suggestions were put forward in the paper. This experimental study provides an important theory basis on designing and manufacturing different cones picking machine.

Mechanical Properties of PVC/ABS Composite Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1170-1173
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Qiao ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yan Hua Zhao ◽  
Yi Xia Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Material Testing Machine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

We investigate the mechanical properties of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)/ acrylnitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) composite material with an impact testing machine，a material testing machine and other accessory devices. The result shows that the mechanical properties of PVC/ABS composite are a function of composition, the addition of ABS improved the mechanical properties of PVC/ ABS composite，the impact strength and elongation at break rise significantly with increasing ABS content in PVC/ABS composite and appears maximum value，While the tensile strength and modulus almost decrease monotonously with increasing ABS content in PVC/ABS composite.

scholarly journals Study of Ratio Variation of Binary Components of Cross Linking Agent on Extent of Polymerization and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2537-2542
Author(s):  
A. Sharma ◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
A. Rani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Ratio Variation ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Butane Diol ◽  
Trimethylol Propane

Polyethylene glycol based polyurethane polymer and its fly ash reinforced polyurethane composite were prepared by optimizing the concentration ratio of binders, cross linking agents and curing agents. The components ratio of cross linking agents with the same hydroxyl functionalities i.e. 1,4-butane diol and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane affects the mechanical properties of polymer. The extent of polymerization of polyurethane matrix and fly ash reinforced polyurethane composite was found to be independent of the component ratio of cross linking agents. PEG based polyurethane polymer and their fly ash-reinforced composite can be synthesized at particular ratio by mass of cross linking agents i.e. 0.5 keeping constant w/w ratio 3:2 of binders and curing agents. Effect of w/w ratio variation of cross linking agents on the extent of polymerization has been studied through SEM technique. Cross linking agents, curing agents and polyurethane composite have been characterized by IR spectra. Effect of w/w ratio variation of binary components 1,4-butane diol and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane of cross linking agents on the mechanical properties of fly ash-reinforced polyurethane composite has been studied by evaluating tensile strength and Young modulus of composite material by universal testing machine. Hardness of fly ash-reinforced polyurethane composite with different ratio of 1,4-butane diol and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane of cross linking agents was evaluated by durometer

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