scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Whey Protein-Based Plastic Production from a Co-Polymerization Process

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Bushra Chalermthai ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Ashraf ◽  
Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel ◽  
Bradley D. Olsen ◽  
Jens Ejbye Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Payback Time

Bio-based plastics, produced from natural and renewable sources, have been found to be good replacers to petroleum-based plastics. However, economic analyses have not been carried out for most of them, specifically those from whey. In this study, a techno-economic assessment of the industrial-scale production of plastics from whey protein is carried out considering two different scenarios: (1) low-cost dairy waste whey (DWP) and (2) purchased whey protein concentrate (WPC), as feedstocks, using SuperPro Designer software. Key economic indicators such as operating cost, capital investment, annual revenue, payback time, and return-on-investment (ROI), were analyzed. Sensitivity analyses of different parameters were performed to account for market fluctuations and other uncertainties, using Scenario 2 as the base case. Results showed that both scenarios have the capacity of producing over 3200 metric tons/year (t/yr) (or 5.5 t/batch) of plastic. With the unit selling price of plastic set at $7,000/t, both the scenarios showed profitable outcomes with the plant’s payback time of 3.7 and 2.4 years, and ROI of 27.1% and 42.2%, for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed that the unit plastic selling price was the most sensitive parameter, followed by the amount of feedstock WPC, and the number of batches.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Polysaccharide Extraction from Baobab: A Scale Up Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9915
Author(s):  
Maria Dimopoulou ◽  
Vivian Offiah ◽  
Kolawole Falade ◽  
Alan M. Smith ◽  
Vassilis Kontogiorgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Technoeconomic Analysis ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Uk

This research studied the commercial exploitation of an indigenous African crop in order to formulate high value products, with a potential significant impact on the local economy. More specifically, the present work investigated the extraction of polysaccharides from baobab in a bench-scale unit, focusing on the overall yield and the techno-economic assessment of the extraction process. Preliminary technoeconomic analysis for two scenarios (with and without ethanol recycling) was performed to determine the economic viability of the process and the development of the baobab market both in Nigeria and the UK. A full economic analysis was undertaken for each of the two scenarios, considering all operating and capital costs, and the production cost of baobab polysaccharides was estimated based on a constant return on investment. Combining the operating cost with the average polysaccharide yield, the minimum profitable selling price in the UK was estimated to be between £23 and £35 per 100 g of polysaccharide, which is comparable to the commercial selling price of high purity polysaccharides. An assessment of a scaled-up plant was also performed under Nigerian conditions and the results showed that such an investment is potentially viable and profitable, with a minimum profitable selling price of £27 per 100 g, a value comparable to the UK-based scenarios.

scholarly journals Techno Economic Analysis of the Modified MixAlco Process

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Chloe Simchick ◽  
Brooke Zidek ◽  
Devin Moder ◽  
Dustin Madson ◽  
Michael Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Mixalco Process ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
Acid Salts

The MixAlco process is a patented biomass conversion technology used to produce valuable chemicals. The basis of this design relies on the use of fermentation, where acidophiles utilize their own enzymatic pathways to convert a variety of biomass, such as organic wastes, into carboxylic acid salts. Unlike previous MixAlco designs in which carboxylate salts are processed further into hydrocarbon fuels, this proposed design simulates the optimization and commercialization of mixed carboxylic acid salts as the final product. Sensitivity analyses identified four critical input factors of the base case process—biomass feed rate, selling price, distribution cost, and biomass composition. Increasing the biomass feed rate or population size has the most pronounced effect on process economics. Overall, the sensitivity analyses of all four critical input factors support that the new design is flexible in its ability to support populations of varying sizes, as well as different biomass feed rates and compositions.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic and Sensitivity Analysis of Biodiesel Production Using Co-Solvent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Galad ◽  
kamel El-Khatib ◽  
Shakinaz El-Sheltawy
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Technical Assessment

Abstract Three different continuous homogeneous alkali-catalyzed, heterogeneous alkali-catalyzed and supercritical methanolysis processes with adding tetrahydrofuran as a co-solvent to produce biodiesel from virgin vegetable oil were designed and simulated. An economic assessment was also performed based on the results of the process simulations. Technical assessment of the proposed processes showed that the homogeneous and heterogeneous alkali-catalyzed processes were the simplest with the least amount of process equipment, while for the supercritical methanolysis process; it was more complex with larger sizes of transesterification and separation units. The homogeneous alkali-catalyzed process using tetrahydrofuran was found to have the lowest total capital cost ($2.32 million), the highest aftertax rate of return (513%) and the payback period (0.19 year). However, total manufacturing cost and aftertax net profit, the heterogeneous alkali-catalyzed process using tetrahydrofuran had the lowest operating cost ($82.20 million) and the highest aftertax net profit ($18.20 million). The homogeneous alkali-catalyzed process I is not only technically feasible but also economically viable. Results from the sensitivity analyses indicated that methanol recovery percent, biodiesel purification tower vacuum pressure, price of feedstock oil, price of methanol, price of biodiesel and price of glycerin by-product were the factors that most significantly affected the economic feasibility of biodiesel production.

scholarly journals From sugars to FDCA: a techno-economic assessment using a design concept based on solvent selection and carbon dioxide emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Al Ghatta ◽  
James D. E. T. Wilton-Ely ◽  
Jason P. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Solvent Selection ◽  
Current Process ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Solvent Systems

Process simulations allow the evaluation of the emissions and selling price for the production of the key monomer FDCA based on different feedstocks and solvent systems, alongside considerations of safety and current process development.

scholarly journals Assessing Whey Protein Sources, Dispersion Preparation Method and Enrichment of Thermomechanically Stabilized Whey Protein Pectin Complexes for Technical Scale Production

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Filla ◽  
Maybritt Stadler ◽  
Anisa Heck ◽  
Jörg Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Yield And Purity ◽  
Surface Heat Exchanger

Whey protein pectin complexes can be applied to replace fat in food products, e.g., pudding and yogurt, contributing to creaminess while adding a source of protein and fiber. Production of these complexes is usually conducted on the laboratory scale in small batches. Recently, a process using a scraped-surface heat exchanger (SSHE) has been employed; however, dispersion preparation time, feasibility of using different whey protein sources and enrichment of the complexes for subsequent drying have not been assessed. Preparing whey protein pectin dispersions by solid mixing of pectin and whey protein powders resulted in larger complexes than powders dispersed separately and subsequently mixed after a hydration time. Dispersions without hydration of the mixed dispersions before thermomechanical treatment had the largest particle sizes. The targeted particle size of d90,3 < 10 µm, an important predictor for creaminess, was obtained for five of the six tested whey protein sources. Dispersions of complexes prepared using whey protein powders had larger particles, with less particle volume in the submicron range, than those prepared using whey protein concentrates. Efficiency of complex enrichment via acid-induced aggregation and subsequent centrifugation was assessed by yield and purity of protein in the pellet and pectin in the supernatant.

scholarly journals 286. Exploratory Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Are Daptomycin and Linezolid Favored over Vancomycin and Other Antibiotics?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S143-S144
Author(s):  
Michelle Vu ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
Sherrie L Aspinall ◽  
Cornelius J Clancy ◽  
Deanna Buehrle
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Drug Event ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (MRSAB) cause significant mortality and often require extended antibiotic therapy. Vancomycin, the most common initial MRSAB treatment, carries significant monitoring burden and nephrotoxicity risks. We compared cost-effectiveness of vancomycin and other antibiotic regimens as MRSAB treatment. Methods We estimated cost-effectiveness of intravenous antibiotics (vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline/daptomycin, dalbavancin) for Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients with MRSAB using an exploratory decision-tree model. Primary effectiveness outcome was composite of microbiological failure and adverse drug event (ADE)-related discontinuation at 7-days. Results In base-case analyses, linezolid and daptomycin were less expensive and had fewer treatment failures than other regimens at 4 and 6-weeks. Compared to linezolid, daptomycin incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were ~$45,000 (4-weeks) and ~$61,000 (6-weeks) per composite failure avoided, respectively. In one-way sensitivity analyses, daptomycin (4-weeks) was favored over linezolid if linezolid microbiological failure or ADE-related discontinuation rates were &gt;14.8% (base case: 14.0%) or &gt;14.3% (base case: 14.0%), respectively, assuming a willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of $40,000/ composite treatment failure avoided. Vancomycin was favored if its microbiological failure risk was &lt; 16.4% (base case: 27.2%). In two-way sensitivity analyses, daptomycin was favored if linezolid microbiological failure and ADE-related discontinuation rates were &gt;19% and &gt; 16%, respectively. Linezolid, daptomycin and vancomycin were favored in 47%, 39%, and 11% of 4-week probabilistic iterations, respectively, at $40,000 WTP. Conclusion Daptomycin or linezolid are likely less expensive and more effective than vancomycin or other initial regimens for MRSAB. More data are needed to support safety of linezolid in MRSAB patients. Disclosures Cornelius J. Clancy, MD, Astellas (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)Cidara (Consultant, Research Grant or Support)Melinta (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)Needham Associates (Consultant)Qpex (Consultant)Scynexis (Consultant)Shionogi (Consultant)

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness analysis of ranibizumab for retinal vein occlusion patients in China from the societal perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyi Ni ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Yawen Jiang ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background Clinical trials in China have demonstrated that ranibizumab can improve the clinical outcomes of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). However, no economic evaluation of ranibizumab has been conducted among Chinese patient population. Methods To provide insights into the economic profile of ranibizumab among Chinese RVO population, a Markov state-transition model was used to predict the outcomes of ranibizumab comparing to laser photocoagulation and observational-only care from the societal perspective. This model simulated changes in patient visuality, quality-adjusted of life years (QALY), medical costs, and direct non-medical costs of individuals with visual impairment due to BRVO or CRVO in lifetime. The base-case analysis used an annual discount rate of 5% for costs and benefits following the China Guidelines for Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model. Results The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) comparing ranibizumab to laser photocoagulation was ¥65,008/QALY among BRVO patients and was ¥65,815/QALY among CRVO patients, respectively. Comparing to the 2019 gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of ¥71,000, both two ICERs were far below the cost-effective threshold at three times of GDP per capita (¥213,000). The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated the base-case results were robust in most of the simulation scenarios. Conclusion The current Markov model demonstrated that ranibizumab may be cost-effective compared with laser photocoagulation to treat BRVO and cost-effective compared to observation-only care to treat CRVO in China from the societal perspective.

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