scholarly journals Influence of Home Composting on Tensile Properties of Commercial Biodegradable Plastic Films

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Maja Rujnić Havstad ◽  
Ljerka Juroš ◽  
Zvonimir Katančić ◽  
Ana Pilipović
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Tensile Impact ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Home Composting ◽  
Compostable Plastic

In recent years biodegradable plastic films have been increasingly used for various purposes, most often as grocery bags and for collecting bio-waste. Typically, the biodegradation of these films should take place in industrial compost facilities where the biodegradation process occurs under controlled conditions. Nevertheless, many of these films are often disposed of in home composting bins, so the aim of this study was to examine the course of biodegradation of compostable plastic films under uncontrolled conditions in garden composting sites during a period of four months. Mechanical properties were tested on seven different commercially available biodegradable films and bags that were placed in a garden composting bin from February to May. Both tensile properties and tensile-impact strength showed some unexpected results in terms of increase of the properties after the first, second, and third month for some films and bags. The same unpredictability was seen in FTIR and TG analyses.

Effects of microcrystalline cellulose on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmad Mubarak ◽  
Raghda Talal Abdulsamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ldpe Composites ◽  
The Impact

This work was intended to provide an understanding of the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The impact resistance and the tensile properties of low-density LDPE/MCC composites were investigated. The weight fraction of MCC was varied at (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%). The obtained blends were then used to prepare the required tensile and impact testing samples by hot compression molding technique. It has been found that MCC has a strong influence on the mechanical properties of LDPE. At a low MCC weight fraction, there was a little improvement in the ultimate strength, fracture stress, and elongation at break, but at a high MCC weight fraction, the tensile properties were deteriorated and reduced significantly. The addition of 1 wt% MCC to LDPE enhanced the mentioned properties by 10, 25, and 6%, respectively. While at 30 wt% MCC, these properties were lowered by 36, 25, and 96%. The elastic modulus of LDPE composites was improved on all MCC weight fractions used in the study, at 20 wt% MCC, an increase in the elastic modulus by 12 folds was achieved. On the other hand and compared with the impact strength of pure LDPE, the addition of MCC particles enhanced the impact strength, the highest value obtained was for LDPE composites filled with 10 wt% MCC where the impact strength enhanced by two folds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sizes of the Cast Polyamide 6 Rods upon Tensile-Impact Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Miklós Odrobina ◽  
Gábor Kalácska ◽  
Róbert Keresztes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Tensile Impact ◽  
Cast Polyamide ◽  
Different Diameters

We have studied the tensile-impact strength of the magnesium catalysed cast polyamide 6 (PA6) rods according to the EN ISO 8256:2004 standard. The purpose of our investigation was to follow: the mechanical properties of rods are mapped beside same casting technological process in case of different diameters. We have compared the received results with each other than have sought disparities. We examined cylindrical product (rod) in seven dimensional steps in diameter ranging from 40 mm to 300 mm. We have determined that the semi-finished products can be divided into two groups typically in case of their tensile-impact strengths in this size range. The tensile-impact strength is higher in case of the rods with a diameter of less than 100 mm and it is smaller in the larger dimension range. Therefore, the smallest tensile-impact strength can be established in case of the natural semifinished PA6 rods that each rod accomplishes independently of size. However, a range can be determined, which the tensile-impact strength values of product are separated according to the manufacturing size

Effects of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Encapsulated Nanosilica on Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Jasmine Pongkasem ◽  
Saowaroj Chuayjuljit ◽  
Phasawat Chaiwutthinan ◽  
Amnouy Larpkasemsuk ◽  
Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
The Impact

In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was melt mixed with three weight percentages (10–30wt%) of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in an internal mixer, followed by a compression molding. According to a better combination of mechanical properties, the 90/10 (w/w) PLA/EVA was selected for preparing hybrid nanocomposites with three loadings (1, 3 and 5 parts per hundred of resin , phr) of poly(methyl methacrylate)-encapsulated nanosilica (PMMA-nSiO2). The nanolatex of PMMA-nSiO2 was synthesized via in situ differential microemulsion polymerization. The obtained PMMA-nSiO2 showed a core-shell morphology with nSiO2 as a core and PMMA as a shell, having an average diameter of 43.4nm. The influences of the EVA and PMMA-nSiO2 on the impact strength and the tensile properties of the PLA/EVA nanocomposites were studied and compared. It is found that the impact strength and the tensile properties of the 90/10 (w/w) PLA/EVA were improved with the appropriate amounts of the EVA and PMMA-nSiO2.

Preparation of Polymer-Nanodiamond Composites with Improved Properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Karbushev ◽  
Ivan I. Konstantinov ◽  
Irina L. Parsamyan ◽  
Valery G. Kulichikhin ◽  
Vladimir A. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Detonation Nanodiamond ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Izod Impact

An efficient method is developed to achieve improved dispersion of detonation nanodiamond particles in amorphous thermoplastic matrices. For an estimation of the nanodiamond distribution in slices, a method of optical and transmission electron microscopy is used. The complex set of mechanical properties of polymer-nanodiamond composites is considered: tensile properties, Izod impact strength and Brinell hardness. It is found that the reinforcing and toughening effects of uniformly-dispersed nanoparticles on polymer matrices is pronounced at lower loading compared with traditional mixing procedure.

Properties of direct-quenched aircraft forged component made of ultrahigh-strength steel 300M

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Skubisz ◽  
Jan Sinczak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength Steel ◽  
Warm Forging

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the possibilities and determination of hot and warm forging of ultrahigh-strength steel 300M and subsequent quenching with accelerated air. Analysis of microstructure and mechanical properties of forged steel 300M focused on investigation of the effect of processing conditions on final properties, such as strength, impact strength and hardness, taking into consideration temperature gradients and within-part strain nonuniformity occurring in forging and direct cooling of aircraft landing gear. Design/methodology/approach The research involved semi-industrial physical modeling of hot deformation and direct cooling, aided with numerical analysis of both deformation and kinetics of phase transformations on cooling, with process conditions determined on the basis of numerical simulation of industrial process. Examination of forged and quench-tempered samples involved testing mechanical properties (tensile properties, hardness and impact strength) and microstructure. Findings Three major findings were arrived at: first, assessment of the effects of energy-saving method of cooling conducted directly after forging. Second, tensile properties, hardness and impact strength, were analyzed on the background of microstructure evolution during hot-forging and direct cooling; hence, applied temperature and cooling rates refer to actual condition of the material including varied deformation history. Third, the accelerated air cooling tests were carried out directly after forging with accurately measured and described cooling efficiency, which enabled the acquisition of data for heat treatment simulation with use of untypical cooling media. Research limitations/implications The conclusions formulated on the strenght of studies carried out in semi-industrial conditions with the use of model samples, despite strain and strain rate similarity, wait for full-scale verification in industrial conditions. The direct cooling tests carried out in semi-industrial conveyor Quenchtube are of cognitive value. Industrial realization of the process for the analyzed part calls for special construction of the cooling line and provision of higher cooling rate for heavy sections. Practical implications The results present microstructure properties’ relations for good-hardenability grade of steel, which is representative of several similar grades used in aircraft industry, which can support design of heat treatment (HT) cycles for similar parts, regardless of whether direct or conventional quenching is used. As they illustrate as-forged and direct-cooled microstructure and resultant mechanical properties, the studies concerning processing the steel of areas of lower temperature are transferable to warm forging processes of medium-carbon alloy steels. The geometry of the part analyzed in the case study is typical of landing gear of many aircrafts; hence, there is the high utility of the results and conclusions. Social implications The direct heat treatment technologies based on utilization of the heat attained in the part after forging allow significant energy savings, which besides cost-effectiveness go along with ecological considerations, especially in the light of CO2 emission reduction, improving economical balance and competitiveness. The presented results may encourage forgers to use direct cooling, making use of the heat attained in metal after hot forging, for applications to promote environmentally friendly heat treatment-related technologies. Originality/value Direct heat treatment typically seems to be reserved for micro alloyed steel grades and sections small enough for sufficient cooling rates. In this light, taking advantage of the heat attained in forged part for energy-saving method of cooling based on direct quenching as an alternative to traditional Q&T treatment used with application to relatively heavy sections is not common. Moreover, in case the warm-work range is reached in any portion of the forged part, effect of direct cooling on warm-forged material is addressed, which is a unique issue to be found in the related studies, whereas in addition to warm forging processes, the results can be transferable to coining, sizing or shot peening operations, where gradient of properties is expected.

Mechanical Properties of Hollow Glass Microspheres Filled Jute Woven Comingled Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Habib Awais ◽  
Yasir Nawab ◽  
Adnan Amjad ◽  
Aslina Anjang ◽  
Mohd Shukur Zainol Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hollow Glass Microsphere ◽  
Hollow Glass Microspheres ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact

Hollow glass microsphere (HGM) filled jute composites were fabricated using woven comingled fabric. Tensile, drop weight impact and Charpy impact tests were conducted to study the effects of HGM to the jute laminates. The tensile properties were enhanced with the addition of 1.5 % HGM (19 % tensile strength and 6 % modulus) while further addition of HGM up to 3 % decreased the tensile properties (16 % tensile strength and 19 % modulus). The impact strength was improved by 10 % with the incorporation of 1.5 % HGM and an increase of 19 % was observed in the 3 % HGM composites compared to the control composites.

scholarly journals Not Only Diamonds Are Forever: Degradation of Plastic Films in a Simulated Marine Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Catarci Carteny ◽  
Ronny Blust
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

In recent years, biodegradable polymers have been hailed as one of the potential solutions to the plastic pollution problem, due to their ability to fully degrade rather than break down in smaller pieces over time. However, complete degradation of biodegradable polymers is often achievable only under strictly controlled conditions (i.e. increased temperature and pressure), which are not found in the natural environment – particularly in aquatic and marine habitats. This study aims to compare the degradation performance of plastic films made of two different biodegradable polymers – polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) – to that of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, in a simulated marine environment. Plastic films of the three chosen polymers, of equal dimensions, were exposed to natural sunlight within a novel setup - which simulated the sea surface - for six months. Films were chosen as they are among the most frequently reported type of plastic litter in coastal environments worldwide, and because of the increasing adoption on the market of biodegradable films for packaging. Results showed that, after six months, no consistent degradation could be observed on any of the films–not even the biodegradable ones. Between PLA and PHA films, the latter weathered slightly more than the former, but not at a significant level. Interestingly, differences were reported among the different polymer films in terms of type and extent of biofouling, brittleness, surface charge and surface microstructural changes. Overall, this work suggests that biodegradable plastic behaves rather similarly to traditional plastic in the marine environment over a half-year span. Albeit further experiments on even longer timescales are needed, this study provides evidence that, unless properly disposed of in an industrial composter facility, biodegradable plastic may only contribute to the very problem it was intended to solve.

The influence of incorporation of silica and carbon nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of hybrid glass fiber reinforced epoxy

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Megahed ◽  
AA Megahed ◽  
MA Agwa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

Recently, the study of hybrid nanocomposites has attracted much attention because they are highly expected for being used in many applications. In this context, there is an insisting need to investigate the effect of incorporation of silica and carbon particulates nanofillers into epoxy reinforced with woven and nonwoven tissue glass fiber. The influence of incorporation of silica (SiO2) and carbon black nanoparticles (C) with different weight fractions on the tensile properties, impact strength and fatigue performance of epoxy matrix reinforced with two types of E-glass fiber was investigated. The results showed an improvement in tensile properties, impact strength and fatigue life with addition of almost all nanoparticles contents considerably with respect to that of the neat glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites (NGFRE). Hybrid composites filled with 0.5 wt.% C exhibited the highest tensile strength and fatigue performance with an enhancement of 19% and 60% compared to NGFRE, respectively. An increase of 57% and 28% in tensile modulus and impact strength over NGFRE was obtained respectively with hybrid composites filled with 1 wt.% C. Adding 0.25 wt.% SiO2 and 0.25 wt.% C simultaneously showed an improvement in mechanical properties. SEM images of tensile and impact fracture surfaces are presented for CS 0.5 specimens which in turn reveal weak fiber/matrix interface.

Mechanical Properties and Crystalline Morphology of Blends of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) with Poly(L-Lactide)

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Ping Lu ◽  
Xing Wen ◽  
Fu Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Spherulitic Morphology

Blends of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P (3HB-co-4HB)] with poly(L-lactide) (PLA) were prepared by melt-mixing and subsequent injection molding, and their mechanical properties and morphology were investigated. The results show that the tensile properties, impact strength and spherulitic morphology depend strongly on the composition of the blend. The point of transition shows that phase inversion takes place at composition with 40 weight fraction of PLA in the blend.

Thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable isotactic polypropylene

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572096352
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmad Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the effects of two different biodegradable plastic additives on the thermal and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene were investigated, analyzed, and presented. Biosphere biodegradable plastic additive and another oxidative biodegradable plastic additive, D2W, were used in 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% to prepare two sets of isotactic polypropylene composites. Differential scanning calorimeter and optical polarized light microscope were used to analyze the obtained composites thermally while the mechanical properties of these composites were studied by conducting tensile and impact testing. The morphological results reveal that only monoclinic α spherulites were obtained when the polypropylene crystallizes isothermally from the melt, it was found that both biodegradable plastic additives used decreases the size of the spherulites and increases their densities per unit volume. The incorporation of the Biosphere within the polypropylene matrix raises the crystallization temperature while the existence of D2W within the matrix delays the crystallization process. The addition of 2 wt% of Biosphere allows polypropylene to crystallize at about 13°C higher than neat polypropylene. It has been found that the addition of the biosphere increases Young’s modulus, while decreases the yield strength, the elongation at break, and the impact strength. On the other hand, D2W as an oxidative biodegradable plastic additive increases the elongation at break and the impact strength while decreases the yield strength and Young’s modulus.

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