scholarly journals Dyeing Property Improvement of Madder with Polycarboxylic Acid for Cotton

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3289
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Cai ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Four Levels

Cotton fabrics were dyed with the madder and compounds of citric acid (CA) and dicarboxylic acids [tartaric acid (TTA), malic acid (MLA), succinic acid (SUA)] as cross-linking agents and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as the catalyst. The molecular structures and crystal structures of the dyed cotton fabrics were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The results showed that the polycarboxylic acids esterified with the hydroxyl groups in the dye and cellulose, respectively, and the reaction mainly occurred in the amorphous region of the cotton fabric. Compared with the direct dyed cotton fabric, the surface color depth (K/S) values of the CA, CA+TTA, CA+MLA, CA+SUA cross-linked dyed cotton fabrics increased by approximately 160%, 190%, 240%, 270%, respectively. The CA+SUA cross-linked dyed cotton fabric achieved the biggest K/S value due to the elimination of the negative effect by α-hydroxyl in TTA and MLA on esterification reaction, and the cross-linked dyed cotton fabrics had great levelness property. The washing and rubbing fastness of the cross-linked cotton fabrics were above four levels. The light resistance stability and the antibacterial property of the cross-linked dyed cotton fabrics was obviously improved. The sum of warp and weft wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of the CA+SUA cross-linked dyed cotton fabric was 55° higher than that of raw cotton fabric, and its average UV transmittance for UVA was less than 5% and its UPF value was 50+, showing a great anti-wrinkle and anti-ultraviolet properties.

scholarly journals Chelation and Metal-Ion Complex Formation of Chitosan Treated Cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudirman Habibie
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acid ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Zinc Salts

Chitin dan chitosan adalah bahan “chelate” yang sangat kuat untuk ion transisi logam terutama tembaga, nikel dan merkuri, dan sifat-sifat ini yang akan intensif di bahas. Pada studi ini kain kapas (cotton) dikerjakan dengan larutan chitosan-asam polikarboksilat untuk memperoleh kain kapas-chitosan yang mengandung gugus group karboksilat (-COOH) dan gugus amina (-NH2) fungsional. Penggunaan asam polykarboksilat (asam sitrat dan maleik) pada pelarutan chitosan menghasilkan group karboksil 0,5 meqs/g pada kain yang dicelup dengan larutan chitosan asam karboksilat. Kemudian kain kapas yang telah mengandung gugus karboksilat dan gugus amina ini dicelupkan pada larutan garam logam (garam tembaga dan seng). Terbukti bahwa larutan garam tembaga (copper) memberikan warna biru pada kain, hal ini mengindikasikan telah terjadi reaksi kompleks atau “Chelate”. Implikasi dari hasil ini maka diperkirakan kandungan group karboksil dan amina ini akan mempengaruhi pada pencelupan kain, namun hal ini tidak diuji.Kata kunci : Chitosan, Kain Kapas, Chelate, Asam asetat, Asam citrate, Asam maleik, Tembaga sulphate, Tembaga acetate.AbstractChitin and chitosan are powerfull chelating agents for transition metal ions, particularly copper, nickel and mercury, and these properties have been extensively reviewed. In this study, cotton fabric has been treated with chitosan- polycarboxylic acid solution to form chitosan treated cotton fabric containing carboxyl (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) functional groups. The use of polycarboxylic acids (citric and maleic acids) to dissolve chitosan has given carboxyl groups 0.5 meqs/g into chitosan treated cotton fabrics. Instead, the complexing of the treated cotton samples with copper and zinc salts was examined. The copper salt solutions gave blue fabrics confirming easily that complexing or chelation had occurred. There are implications for dyeing cotton making use of these groups but this was not investigated.Keyword : Chitosan, Cotton fabric, Chelation, Acetic acid, Citric acid, Maleic acid, Copper (II) sulphate, Copper (II) acetate.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of flame retardant cotton fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5296-5300
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Prepared Glass ◽  
Ray Patterns

An inorganic flame retardant glass was prepared using the melt methods. The prepared glass was characterized using IR, X-ray. The x-ray patterns and IR charts show that the formation of glass without any crystals. Cotton fabric was finished using different percentage of glass 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 % (w/w) in the presence of citric acid as crosslinker and sodium hypophosphite as catalyst. The flame retardancy of finished cotton fabric was performed using Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) technique. The results of measurements show that the value of LOI of untreated cotton fabric equals 19.6, when cotton fabrics treated with different amounts of glass ranging from 0.5 to 2 %, the value of LOI increased to become 23.6 at 0.5% and 24.8 for the higher glass concentration. The effect of curing temperature and time on the properties and the LOI of cotton fabric was studied.

Ester Crosslinking of Cotton Fabric by Polymeric Carboxylic Acids and Citric Acid

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Q. Yang ◽  
Xilie Wang ◽  
In-Sook Kang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Ester Linkage ◽  
Durable Press Finishing

Polycarboxylic acids appear to be the most promising nonformaldehyde durable press finishing agents to replace the traditional N-methylol reagents, 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (btca) is the most effective crosslinking agent among the acids investigated, but its exceedingly high cost has prevented its use in the textile industry on a commercial scale. In this research, we evaluate the effectiveness of two polymers of maleic acid, i.e., the homopolymer (pma) and the terpolymer (tpma), along with citric acid (ca) for crosslinking cotton cellulose., pma, tpma, and ca have molecular structures similar to btca, but are more cost effective. We have found that pma and tpma are less effective crosslinking agents for cotton than btca, probably due to the low mobility of the anhydride intermediate formed by pma or tpma to access the cellulosic hydroxyl during the curing process. We have found that the hydroxyl of ca and other α-hydroxylpolycarboxylic acids hinder the esterification of those acids with cellulose. The infrared spectroscopy data indicate that ca esterifies the anhydride intermediates of pma and tpma on cotton fabric under curing conditions. Consequently, ca is transformed from a trifunctional acid to a tetrafunctional one with the formation of an ester linkage with pma or tpma.

Effect of Laundering by Detergent Containing Bleaches on Cotton Fabric

2011 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Yong Qiang Li ◽  
Jin Qiang Liu ◽  
Chun Jie Qian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Damage ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to understand the effect of laundering by detergent containing bleaches on cotton fabrics, two detergents with and without bleaches were used during laundering, and the changes in structures and properties of cotton fabrics were investigated after laundering. The structure of the cotton before and after laundering was evaluated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM). Meanwhile, the tensile strength, copper number and dyeing properties of cotton fabric have been studied for evaluating the chemical damage. The results showed that the damage of fabric laundering by detergents containing bleaches is more serious than that by detergents without bleaches. FTIR and copper number results revealed that the C-6 hydroxyl groups of the glucose repeating unit of cellulose were oxidized. XRD, FSEM and dyeing results indicated that the cotton fabrics have been damaged during laundering with detergents containing bleaches.

scholarly journals Preparation of Ag NPs and Its Multifunctional Finishing for Cotton Fabric

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Jionglin Zhu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yusu Wang ◽  
Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Washing Durability ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Cross

To explore the combination of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared in a green manner with cotton fabrics and the washing durability of the fabric after the combination. In this paper, the natural material, honeysuckle extract, was used as a reducing agent to prepare the Ag NPs’ solution. The structure and size of Ag NPs were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy characterization. The results showed that Ag+ was successfully reduced to Ag0 by the honeysuckle extract, the particle size was about 10.59 nm, and the potential was −42.9 mV, so it had strong electrostatic repulsion and good stability. Meanwhile, it was found that the synthesized Ag NPs were well coated by the honeysuckle extract, so they would not aggregate. Then, the cotton fabric was finished with Ag NPs’ solution by the dipping method using a complex of polymaleic acid (PMA) and citric acid (CA) as a cross-linking agent to fix Ag NPs on the cotton fabric. The structures of cotton fabrics before and after finishing were characterized using FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and the multifunctional properties of the finished cotton fabrics were explored by measuring the antibacterial rate, the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), and the UV protection factor (UPF) value. The results show that Ag NPs were successfully loaded onto cotton fabric, and the PMA + CA compound was successfully cross-linked to the fabric. The cross-linked Ag NPs’ cotton fiber was rougher than that before cross-linking, and its TG stability improved. The PMA + CA compound fixed Ag NPs on the cotton fabric through chemical bonds, so it still had a 99% antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after 50 washings. Compared with unfinished cotton fabric, the UPF value and WRA of the cross-linked Ag NPs cotton increased by 34.09 and 98°, respectively, and its color did not change much.

scholarly journals Modification of cotton fabrics with 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride for salt-free dyeing with anionic dyes

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixin Tang ◽  
Leilah-Marie E. Lockett ◽  
Mengxiao Zhang ◽  
Gang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Free System ◽  
Untreated Cotton

AbstractA chemical modification of cotton fabrics by 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride (DEAE-Cl) was achieved, and the resulted cotton fabrics demonstrated salt-free dyeing properties with anionic dyes. Nucleophilic property of hydroxyl groups in cotton cellulose was enhanced under alkaline conditions and could react with DEAE-Cl, a chemical possessing both nucleophilic and electrophilic sites. The monolayered DEAE-grafted cotton cellulose could further react with DEAE-Cl to form multiple cationic quaternary ammonium salts (denoted as DEAE@Cotton), which are highly interactive with anionic dye molecules. The strong electrostatic interactions between the DEAE@Cotton and the dyes eliminated the use of inorganic salts in cotton dyeing process. The chemical structure and property of DEAE@Cotton were characterized and compared with untreated cotton. The DEAE@Cotton can be dyed in a salt-free system, and the dye exhaustion was faster than the conventional dyeing method due to the robust electrostatic interactions of the fabrics with anionic dyes. The dyed fabrics demonstrated outstanding color fastness under repeated washing, light exposure, and crocking. The dye adsorption process on DEAE@Cotton follows Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9667). The mechanism of enhanced dyeability was experimentally proved by treating the fabric with other anionic dyes in a salt-free system, proving the process to be environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Established an eco-friendly cotton fabric treating process with enhancing anti-wrinkle performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110034
Author(s):  
Xiongfang Luo ◽  
Pei Cheng ◽  
Wencong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Weidong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Wrinkle Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strength Retention

This study establishes an eco-friendly anti-wrinkle treating process for cotton fabric. Sodium hydroxide-liquid ammonia pretreatment followed by 6% (w/w) PU100 adding citric acid pad-cure-dry finishing. In this process, citric acid (CA) was used as the fundamental crosslinking agent during finishing because it is a non-formaldehyde based, cost-effective and well wrinkle resistance agent. Environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was used as an additive to add to the CA finishing solution. Six commercial WPUs were systematically investigated. Fabric properties like wrinkle resistance, tensile strength retention, whiteness, durable press, softness, and wettability were well investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction spectra were also measured and discussed before and after adding waterborne polyurethane. Tentative mechanism of the interaction among the WPU, CA, and modified cotton fabrics is provided. The effect of cotton fabric pretreatment on fabric performance was also investigated. After the eco-process’s treatment, the fabric wrinkle resistant angle was upgraded to 271 ± 7°, tensile strength retention was maintained at 66.77% ± 3.50% and CIE whiteness was elevated to 52.13 ± 3.21, which are much better than the traditional CA anti-wrinkle finishing based on mercerized cotton fabrics. This study provides useful information for textile researchers and engineers.

Synthesis and crystal structure analyses of tri-substituted guanidine-based copper(II) complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Muhammad Said ◽  
Sadia Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Hizbullah Khan ◽  
Carola Schulzke
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Synthesis And Crystal Structure ◽  
Pyramidal Geometry ◽  
Tautomeric Forms ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Nitrogen Donor ◽  
Square Pyramidal Geometry

Abstract Three guanidine-derived tri-substituted ligands viz. N-pivaloyl-N′,N″-bis-(2-methoxyphenyl)guanidine (L1), N-pivaloyl-N′-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N″-phenylguanidine (L2) and N-pivaloyl-N′-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N″-(2-tolyl)guanidine (L3) were reacted with Cu(II) acetate to produce the corresponding complexes. The significance of the substituent on N″ for the resulting molecular structures and their packing in the solid state has been studied with respect to the structural specifics of the corresponding Cu(II) complexes. The key characteristic of the guanidine-based metal complexation with Cu(II) is the formation of an essentially square planar core with an N2O2 donor set. As an exception, in the complex of L1, the substituent’s methoxy moiety also interacts with the Cu(II) center to generate a square-pyramidal geometry. The hydroxyl groups of the imidic acid tautomeric forms of L1–L3, in addition to N″, are also bonded to Cu(II) in all three complexes rather than the nitrogen donor of the guanidine motif.

scholarly journals Combination of wet fixation and drying treatments to improve dye fixation onto spray-dyed cotton fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Lin ◽  
Wenju Zhu ◽  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Md. Yousuf Hossain ◽  
Zubair Bin Sayed Oli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Color Uniformity ◽  
Four Levels

AbstractThe conventional dyeing process requires a substantial amount of auxiliaries and water, which leaches hazardous colored effluents to the environment. Herein, a newly developed sustainable spray dyeing system has been proposed for cotton fabric in the presence of reactive dyes, which has the potential to minimize the textile dyeing industries environmental impact in terms of water consumption and save significant energy. The results suggest that fresh dye solution can be mixed with an alkali solution before spray dyeing to avoid the reactive dye hydrolysis phenomenon. After that, drying at 60–100 °C, wet fixation treating for 1–6 min, and combined treatments (wet fixation + drying) were sequentially investigated and then dye fixation percentages were around 63–65%, 52–70%, and above 80%, respectively. Following this, fixation conditions were optimized using L16 orthogonal designs, including wet fixation time, temperature, dye concentration, and pH with four levels where the “larger-the-better” function was selected to maximize the dye fixation rate. Additionally, the color uniformity and wash and rubbing fastnesses were at an acceptable level when both treatments were applied. Finally, the dyes were hydrolyzed after wet fixation, and the hydrolysis percentages were enhanced after the drying process.

Durable Antibacterial Finish on Cotton Fabrics with PAMAM/Ag+

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Jie Zhang ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Strength Retention ◽  
Better Than

Cotton fabric with excellent antibacterial properties was obtained by treated with polyamide-amine (PAMAM) dendrimers as a carrier and silver nitrate as an antibacterial agent. The antibacterial cotton fabrics were prepared by the methods of one-bath process and two-bath process. Antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics treated by two different methods was good, but the antibacterial durability of cotton fabric treated with two-bath process was better than that treated with one-bath process. After 50 washing cycles, cotton fabric treated with two-bath process still had good antibacterial property and its inhibitory rate to Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli was over 99 %. It was found that the breaking strength retention of finished cotton fabrics was 85.83 % and the decrease of cotton fabrics’ whiteness index was about 15 %.

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