scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of Limit Operating Specifications for Onshore Spoolable Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3480
Author(s):  
Houbu Li ◽  
Xuemin Zhang ◽  
Haohan Huang ◽  
Teng Zhou ◽  
Guoquan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Alcohol Injection ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Construction Operation

Spoolable reinforced plastic line pipes (RTPs), exhibiting a series of advantages such as good flexibility, few joints, long single length, light weight, easy installation, etc., have been widely used in the onshore oil and gas industry such as oil and gas gathering and transportation, high pressure alcohol injection, water injection, sewage treatment, and other fields. However, due to the lack of clear standard specificationof the limit operating properties for RTPs, three typical failure modes, i.e., tensile, flexure, and torsion, frequently occur in terrain changes,construction operation, and subsequent application, which seriously affects the promotion and use of RTPs. In this paper, the stress distribution of a non-bonded polyester fiber reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe (DN 150, PN 2.5 MPa) was systematically studied by the finite element method (FEM),and then the limit operating values under the axial tensile, coiled bending, and torsion load were determined.The corresponding experiments were conducted to validate the reliability and accuracy of the FEM model. The FEM results showed that the critical strain for axial tensile was 3%, the minimum respooling bend radius was 1016.286 mm, and the limit torsion angle of this RTP was 58.77°, which are very close to the experimental results. These limit values will be useful to establish normative guidelines for field construction and failure prevention of onshore RTP.

scholarly journals Application of the CL-systems technology for water injection wells at an oil and gas field

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 848-853
Author(s):  
Liliya Saychenko ◽  
Radharkrishnan Karantharath
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Water ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Water Breakthrough ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
High Water Cut

To date, the development of the oil and gas industry can be characterized by a decline in the efficiency of the development of hydrocarbon deposits. High water cut-off is often caused by water breaking through a highly permeable reservoir interval, which often leads to the shutdown of wells due to the unprofitability of their further operation. In this paper, the application of straightening the profile log technology for injection wells of the Muravlenkovsky oil and gas field is justified. In the course of this work, the results of field studies are systematized. The reasons for water breakthrough were determined, and the main ways of filtration of the injected water were identified using tracer surveys. The use of CL-systems technology based on polyacrylamide and chromium acetate is recommended. The forecast of the estimated additional oil produced was made.

An Experimental Research on Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Local Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Oyatobo ◽  
Amalachukwu Muoghalu ◽  
Chinaza Ikeokwu ◽  
Wilson Ekpotu
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Profile Control

Abstract Ineffective methods of increasing oil recovery have been one of the challenges, whose solutions are constantly sought after in the oil and gas industry as the number of under-produced reservoirs increases daily. Water injection is the most extended technology to increase oil recovery, although excessive water production can pose huge damage ranging from the loss of the well to an increase in cost and capital investment requirement of surface facilities to handle the produced water. To mitigate these challenges and encourage the utilization of local contents, locally produced polymers were used in polymer flooding as an Enhanced Oil Recovery approach to increase the viscosity of the injected fluids for better profile control and reduce cost when compared with foreign polymers as floppan. Hence this experimental research was geared towards increasing the efficiency of oil displacement in sandstone reservoirs using locally sourced polymers in Nigeria and also compared the various polymers for optimum efficiency. Starch, Ewedu, and Gum Arabic were used in flooding an already obtained core samples and comparative analysis of this shows that starch yielded the highest recovery due to higher viscosity value as compared to Ewedu with the lowest mobility ratio to Gum Arabic. Finally, the concentration of Starch or Gum Arabic should be increased for optimum recovery.

Quantifying Economic Uncertainties and Risks in the Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-184
Author(s):  
Sorin Alexandru Gheorghiu ◽  
Cătălin Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Oil Field Development ◽  
Oil Gas

The present economic model is intended to provide an example of how to take into consideration risks and uncertainties in the case of a field that is developed with water injection. The risks and uncertainties are related, on one hand to field operations (drilling time, delays due to drilling problems, rig failures and materials supply, electric submersible pump [ESP] installations failures with the consequences of losing the well), and on the other hand, the second set of uncertainties are related to costs (operational expenditures-OPEX and capital expenditures-CAPEX, daily drilling rig costs), prices (oil, gas, separation, and water injection preparation), production profiles, and discount factor. All the calculations are probabilistic. The authors are intending to provide a comprehensive solution for assessing the business performance of an oil field development.

Durability and Reliability of Electro-Mechanical Relays for Oil and Gas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 000536-000541
Author(s):  
Saeed Rafie ◽  
Youssef Boulaknadal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Limited Life Expectancy ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Structural Durability ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Testing Instruments

Abstract Electro-mechanical relays (EMRs) are widely used in variety of manufacturing industries including oil and gas. One of their applications in the oil and gas industry is in the design of downhole logging wireline and measurement-while-drilling/logging-while-drilling (MWD/LWD) instruments such as magnetic resonance instruments, formation testing instruments, cement bond tools, etc. EMRs are mainly electrically operated switches that multiplex high-powered circuits using a low-power signal. Typically, EMRs consist of one or two wire coils wrapped around magnetic cores, a movable armature, and a set of contact(s) that reside inside a sealed vacuum compartment. The structural durability and reliability of EMRs has been the subject of research for many years, and these characteristics are considered a prime reliability concerns in the oil and gas industry. Their poor reliability has been documented by their several inherent failure modes, e.g., limited life expectancy due to shock, vibration, temperature and moisture, thermal stresses caused by soldering, contact wear, contact bouncing, and contact arcing/welding. This paper presents results from a reliability study and an engineering assessment to determine the applicability and functionality of EMRs in electromagnetic-acoustic sensors. The discussion includes steps to improve and minimize the risk.

scholarly journals Identification and Prioritization of Risk Factors in an Electrical Generator Based on the Hybrid FMEA Framework

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moath Alrifaey ◽  
Tang Sai Hong ◽  
Eris Supeni ◽  
Azizan As’arry ◽  
Chun Ang
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
Hybrid Distribution

The oil and gas industry is looking for ways to accurately identify and prioritize the failure modes (FMs) of the equipment. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is the most important tool used in the maintenance approach for the prevention of malfunctioning of the equipment. Current developments in the FMEA technique are mainly focused on addressing the drawbacks of the conventional risk priority number calculations, but the group effects and interrelationships of FMs on other measurements are neglected. In the present study, a hybrid distribution risk assessment framework was proposed to fill these gaps based on the combination of modified linguistic FMEA (LFMEA), Analytic Network Process (ANP), and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques. The hybrid framework of FMEA was conducted in a hazardous environment at a power generation unit in an oil and gas plant located in Yemen. The results show that mechanical and gas leakage FM in electrical generators posed a greater risk, which critically affects other FMs within the plant. It was observed that the suggested framework produced a precise ranking of FMs, with a clear relationship among FMs. Also, the comparisons of the proposed framework with previous studies demonstrated the multidisciplinary applications of the present framework.

The Experiences From the First Rounds of Offshore Wind Farm Installation in the German EEZ (Both Baltic and North Sea) and Lessons Learnt to Achieve Serial Production Status: A Consultant’s Perspective

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Stade
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Construction Operation

Offshore wind farms present a lesser safety risk to operators and contractors than traditional oil and gas installations. In the post Macondo world this does not come as a surprise since the risks involved in construction, operation and maintenance of an offshore wind farm are by far lower. Even with higher probability of incidents and near misses (due to serial construction) the severity/ impact of those is considerably lower. On the other hand projects are complex, profit margins are what they are called: marginal. Hence there is no room for errors, perhaps in form of delays. If, for example, the installation completion of the turbines and the inner array cabling/ export cables are not perfectly in tune, the little commercial success that can be achieved is rapidly diminishing by costly compensation activities. The paper will try to present solutions to the most pressing challenges and elaborate on the effect those would have had, had they been implemented at the beginning of the projects. How can a sustainable new industry evolve by learning from established industries? Presently, there is a view that offshore wind is a short-lived business. Particularly representatives of the oil and gas industry raise such concern. Apart from the obvious bias of those voices, this controversy is also caused by the fact that offshore wind seems to have a tendency to try and re-invent the wheel rather than using established procedures. Even with a relatively stable commitment to the offshore wind development regardless of the respective government focus within European coastal states the industry suffers from financing issues, subsidies, over-regulation due to lack of expertise within authorities and other challenges. The avoidance of those is key to a successful development for this industry in other areas of the planet. In conjunction with a stable commitment this is essential in order to attract the long lead-time projects and to establish the complex supply chains to achieve above goals. The paper will look at the short but intensive history of the industry and establish mitigation to some of the involved risks of offshore wind farm EPCI.

Failure Analysis of a Bellow at the Exhaust of a Diesel Engine on Board of an FPSO

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Temani ◽  
Abdennour C. Seibi ◽  
Majdi Chaari ◽  
Abdelkader Bouabdallah ◽  
Rachid Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Short Period

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) units are floating vessels used by the oil and gas industry offshore for the production and processing of hydrocarbons as well as storage of oil. It is equipped with the required facilities to produce, process, and store produced fluids. Among the equipment on board of the FPSO are pumps used to inject water or pump crude oil. This FPSO is fitted with seven positive displacement pumps powered by diesel engines; three for water injection and four for power fluid. At the exhaust of the driving engines, stainless steel bellows experienced frequent failures on a monthly basis; thereby, incurring a huge financial overburden on operating companies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of identifying some remedies to overcome this problem. The paper discusses the root causes of bellow failures attached to the exhaust system of a diesel engine on board of an FPSO. Effect of vibration, temperature, corrosion, and vessel rolling on the bellow structural response were investigated to identify the root causes of failure. A finite element modeling of the problem under study was conducted by taking into account the combined effect of thermo-mechanical loads. It was found that the thermal stress was well below the allowable stress. In addition, vibration analysis of the bellow-engine system revealed that the fundamental frequency of the bellow was way below the engine’s natural frequency. However, it was found that the vessel’s rolling generated an elevated stress that can cause failure of the bellow in a very short period time. The paper also presents some possible solutions to remedy or delay failure from occurring frequently as in this case.

Safety Level on Different Offshore Pipeline Design Criteria: A Comparison Between DNV-OS-F101 and API RP-1111 Codes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis D’Angelo ◽  
Hans M. Thorsen ◽  
Olav Fyrileiv ◽  
Leif Collberg ◽  
Sonia Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Load Parameter ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pipeline Design

Submarine pipelines are more often than before required to operate in harsh environments, especially for systems deployed in ultra-deep water. In order to minimize the installation tension due to the hanged section, they are installed empty and therefore the external pressure is often the prime load parameter for the design. New discoveries and associated technical challenges have generated important research and development endeavors in a wide range of disciplines in order to improve efficiency and reliability, but also keeping the risks associated with the new scenarios within an acceptable range. Some aspects that can be mentioned include, for instance, steel line grade improvements and manufacturing innovations of pipe products; more powerful lay vessels and development of new pipeline installation methods; determination of the mechanical behavior and the expected failure modes of concern for deep and long pipelines under combined loads; and the improved different design criteria like the DNV-OS-F101 (1) and API RP-1111 (2) codes. The intention of this paper is to review and compare three different pipeline design criteria well established in the oil and gas industry. The pipeline wall thickness design for pipe pressure containment (bursting), local buckling (system collapse) and propagating buckling for DNV-OS-F101 (1) and API RP-1111 (2) are discussed as well as the parameters used, definitions, safety philosophy and code limitations. A pipeline example is used to illustrate and compare the results.

scholarly journals A Review on the Progress of Ion-Engineered Water Flooding

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alibi Kilybay ◽  
Bisweswar Ghosh ◽  
Nithin Chacko Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Smart Water

In the oil and gas industry, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) plays a major role to meet the global requirement for energy. Many types of EOR are being applied depending on the formations, fluid types, and the condition of the field. One of the latest and promising EOR techniques is application of ion-engineered water, also known as low salinity or smart water flooding. This EOR technique has been studied by researchers for different types of rocks. The mechanisms behind ion-engineered water flooding have not been confirmed yet, but there are many proposed mechanisms. Most of the authors believe that the main mechanism behind smart water flooding is the wettability alteration. However, other proposed mechanisms are interfacial tension (IFT) reduction between oil and injected brine, rock dissolution, and electrical double layer expansion. Theoretically, all the mechanisms have an effect on the oil recovery. There are some evidences of success of smart water injection on the field scale. Chemical reactions that happen with injection of smart water are different in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. It is important to understand how these mechanisms work. In this review paper, the possible mechanisms behind smart water injection into the carbonate reservoir with brief history are discussed.

scholarly journals Peramalan Kinerja Lapangan SNP Dengan Injeksi Air Menggunakan Metode Material Balance

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Albert Sahetapy Engel ◽  
Rachmat Sudibjo ◽  
Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Evaluation Result ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
The Common

<p>The decline in production from of a field is the common problem in the oil and gas industry. One of the causes of the decrease in production is the decline of reservoir pressure. Based on the analisis result, it was found that SNP field had a weak water drive. The most dominant drive of the field was fluid expansion. In order to reduce the problem, a reservoir pressure maintenance effort was required by injecting water. In this research, the effect of water injection to reservoir pressure and cumulative production was analyzed. From the evaluation result, it was found that the existing inejection performance using one injection well to Zones A and B was not optimum. Because, the recovery factor was predicted to 29.11% only.By activating the four injection wells, the recoverty factor could be increase to 31.43%.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document