scholarly journals Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Treatment of Industrial Wastewater under the Exposure of Non-Thermal Plasma Jet

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Shazia Shukrullah ◽  
Warda Bashir ◽  
Noor Ul Huda Altaf ◽  
Yasin Khan ◽  
Abdulrehman Ali Al-Arainy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Catalytic Treatment

Freshwater is only 2.5% of the total water on the Earth and rest is contaminated or brackish. Various physical and chemical techniques are being used to purify the contaminated water. This study deals with catalytic plasma treatment of contaminated water collected from different sites of Faisalabad-Pakistan. A non-thermal DC plasma jet technique was used to treat the water samples in the presence of TiO2 catalyst. The plasma-assisted catalytic treatment introduced some oxidative species (O3, H2O2, HO2−, OH−) in the water. These species reacted with pollutants and cause the degradation of harmful contaminants, especially dyes. The degradation of dye sample during plasma treatment was more pronounced as compared to other samples. pH, conductivity and TDS of dye containing sample decreased after catalytic plasma treatment. The degradation of organic pollutants increased due to presence of several oxidants, such as TiO2, ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide. FT-IR analysis revealed the degradation of some functional groups during treatment process and confirmed the effectiveness of the process. The residue of the treated samples was consisted of amines, amides and N-H functional groups. XRD analysis showed the presence of Alite, Ferrite, aluminate, Si, S and some heavy metals in the residue. The effect of plasma treatment on activity of gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in water was also checked. The bacterial activity was reduced by almost 50% after 2 min of plasma treatment.

scholarly journals Researching carbon varieties from season-caused shell for use of H2O2 properties to treat lead

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Dao Minh Trung ◽  
Tram Thi Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The study assumes lead wastewater treatment with initial concentration fixed at 30 ppm and research material, denatured coal prepared from macadamia seed shell activated by heating, and finally variable Coal calculation with H2O2 agent. The coal was modified by soaking coal in 25% H2O2 solution for 48 hours. Coal after denatured for adsorption results reached 266.26 mg/g, the research results show similarities with some previous studies. On the other hand, when analyzing the infrared spectrum of coal, the FT-IR spectroscopic results showed that after denatured coal, there were some functional groups such as OH-, C-O, C=O, C-N, functional groups capable of participating in the adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater. When observing the SEM image, the photo results of the material show that the surface of the material is rough, with many pores and different sizes evenly distributed on the surface. From SEM image results and FT-IR spectroscopy results show that the material has the ability to adsorb heavy metals by many physical and chemical mechanisms. Indeed, when researching the application of materials to the treatment of lead heavy metals in presumptive wastewater, the research results show that lead treatment efficiency reaches 94.05% when surveyed at the same optimal conditions at pH = 6 with dose of 0.4 g/L and duration of 60 minutes. The control shows that the study results are similar to some previous research results, from which it can be confirmed that the modified coal material is capable of Pb (II) treatment in wastewater.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF AS (III) ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING IRON PARTICLES PREPARED FROM LEMON JUICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar Yadav ◽  
Kumar Suranjit Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Ion Sorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Study

The present study reports a benign approach to prepare citrate capped iron particles using juice of a lemon fruit. Resultant particles were subjected to detailed adsorption studies for removal of arsenite aqueous solution of defined concentration. The planer reflection of XRD analysis suggested that iron particles were crystalline in nature. FT-IR study suggested that functional groups like -NH2, -NO2 , -CO, and –CS were involved in arsenite ion sorption. The composite removal efficiency for As (III) was found to be 88.58 %, at pH 4.5, with contact time of 30 min and temperature at 30°C. Data of adsorption were analyzed using various parameter like isotherm models, thermodynamic and kinetic models. Chemisorptions resulted in to formation of monolayer arsenite ions over the surface of prepared iron particles with maximum adsorption capacity; 55.53 mg/gm. Adsorbent hold good promises to remove arsenic from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Antimicrobial Polymers Based on the Inclusion of Polyethylene Glycol/TiO2 Nanocomposites in Cyclodextrin as Drug Carriers for Sulfaguanidine

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Hemat M. Dardeer ◽  
Arafat Toghan ◽  
Magdi E. A. Zaki ◽  
Rokaia B. Elamary
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Antimicrobial Polymers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Polymers and their composites have recently attracted attention in both pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer extensively used in medicine. Herein, three novel PEG-based polymers that are pseudopolyrotaxane (PEG/α-CD) (1), titania–nanocomposite (PEG/TiO2NPs) (2), and pseudopolyrotaxane–titania–nanocomposite (PEG/α-CD/TiO2NPs) (3), were synthesized and characterized. The chemical structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the newly materials were examined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, SEM, and UV–Vis., respectively. The prepared polymers were used as drug carriers of sulfaguanidine as PEG/α-CD/Drug (4), PEG/TiO2NPs/Drug (5), and PEG/α-CD/TiO2NPs/Drug (6). The influence of these drug-carrying formulations on the physical and chemical characteristics of sulfaguanidine including pharmacokinetic response, solubility, and tissue penetration was explored. Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of sulfaguanidine was tested before and after loading onto the prepared polymers against some Gram-negative and positive bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), as well. The results of this work turned out to be very promising as they confirmed that loading sulfaguanidine to the newly designed polymers not only showed superior antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy compared to the pure drug, but also modified the properties of the sulfaguanidine drug itself.

Structural, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Doped Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Kelkar ◽  
◽  
Ashish Chourasia ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Structure Modification ◽  
Camphorsulfonic Acid ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Ft Ir

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was chemically synthesized, undoped and then re-doped using FeCl3 as well as camphorsulfonic acid (CSA). FT-IR results confirm the nature of the synthesized and doped samples. XRD analysis indicates crystal structure modification after doping and was also used to calculate crystallinity of samples. Crystallinity increases after FeCl3 doping, whereas it reduces due to CSA doping. TGA-DTA results show reduction in Tg value for FeCl3 doped sample while it increases for CSA doped samples compared to that of undoped PEDOT. Reduction in Tg indicates plasticizing effect of FeCl3 whereas increase in Tg show anti-plasticizing effect of CSA in PEDOT. Conductivity value () increases by two orders of magnitude after doping. Log vs. 1/T graph show metallic nature of undoped PEDOT above 308 K, however both doped samples show semiconducting nature from 301 to 383 K.

DISINFECTION OF E. coli CONTAMINATED WATER USING TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE-BASED PHOTOELECTROCATALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Macphee ◽  
Efetobor Scott-Emuakpor ◽  
Graeme I. Paton ◽  
Malcolm J. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Trioxide ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
E Coli

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Process in Disinfection and Advanced Treatment of Tertiary Treated Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Rafał Tytus Bray ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Eliza Kulbat ◽  
Aneta Łuczkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents the results of research on the use of ultrafiltration, using membranes of 200 and 400 kDa separation, for disinfection of municipal treated wastewater. The research was conducted on a fractional technical scale using real municipal treated wastewater from two large wastewater treatment plants treating most of the wastewater over the one-million polycentric Gdańsk agglomeration (1.2 million inhabitants). UF 200 kDa and UF 400 kDa processes enabled further improvement of the physical and chemical parameters of treated wastewater. Total phosphorus (to below 0.2 mg/L–UF 200 kDa, 0.13 mg/L–UF 400 kDa) and turbid substances (to below 0.2 mg/L, both membranes) were removed in the highest degree. COD was reduced efficiently (to below 25.6 mgO2/L–UF 200 kDa, 26.8 mgO2/L–UF 400 kDa), while total nitrogen was removed to a small extent (to 7.12 mg/L–UF 200 kDa and 5.7 mg/L–UF 400 kDa. Based on the reduction of indicator bacteria; fecal coliforms including E. coli (FC) and fecal enterococci (FE) it was found that the ultrafiltration is an effective method of disinfection. Not much indicator bacterial were observed in the permeate after processes (UF 200 kDa; FC—5 CFU/L; FE—1 CFU/L and UF 400 kDa; FC—70 CFU/L; FE—10 CFU/L. However, microscopic analysis of prokaryotic cells and virus particles showed their presence after the application of both membrane types; TCN 3.0 × 102 cells/mL–UF 200 kDa, 5.0 × 103 cells/mL–UF 400 kDa, VP 1.0 × 105/mL. The presence of potentially pathogenic, highly infectious virus particles means that ultrafiltration cannot be considered a sufficient disinfection method for treated wastewater diverted for reuse or discharged from high load wastewater treatment plants to recreational areas. For full microbiological safety it would be advisable to apply an additional disinfection method (e.g., ozonation).

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

scholarly journals Effects on Lignin Redistribution in Eucalyptus globulus Fibres Pre-Treated by Steam Explosion: A Microscale Study to Cellulose Accessibility

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Eduardo Troncoso-Ortega ◽  
Rosario del P. Castillo ◽  
Pablo Reyes-Contreras ◽  
Patricia Castaño-Rivera ◽  
Regis Teixeira Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Cellulose Accessibility ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Enzymatic Accessibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this study was to investigate structural changes and lignin redistribution in Eucalyptus globulus pre-treated by steam explosion under different degrees of severity (S0), in order to evaluate their effect on cellulose accessibility by enzymatic hydrolysis. Approximately 87.7% to 98.5% of original glucans were retained in the pre-treated material. Glucose yields after the enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated material improved from 19.4% to 85.1% when S0 was increased from 8.53 to 10.42. One of the main reasons for the increase in glucose yield was the redistribution of lignin as micro-particles were deposited on the surface and interior of the fibre cell wall. This information was confirmed by laser scanning confocal fluorescence and FT-IR imaging; these microscopic techniques show changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of pre-treated fibres. In addition, the results allowed the construction of an explanatory model for microscale understanding of the enzymatic accessibility mechanism in the pre-treated lignocellulose.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzothiazole Based [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-586
Author(s):  
Ranjit V. Gadhave ◽  
Bhanudas S. Kuchekar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

A new series of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized by condensation of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxylate derivatives with substituted benzothiazoles. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, MS and 1H NMR spectra. Designed triazoloquinazoline derivatives were docked with oxido-reductase enzyme (PDB Code 4h1j) and DNA gyrase enzyme (PDB Code 3g75). Based on high binding affinity score, the best compound were selected for synthesis and subjected to in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Compounds 7a and 7d were found to be most active compounds as antioxidant agent among this series when compared with ascorbic acid. Compounds 7a, 7d and 7f were found to be most active compounds as an antibacterial agents among this series when compared with ciprofloxacin against bacterial strains such as S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Study revealed that the most active compounds after structural modifications can be exploited as lead molecules for other pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidepressant activities.

scholarly journals Universal Plasma Jet for Droplet Manipulation on a PDMS Surface towards Wall-Less Scaffolds

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yun Peng ◽  
Chia-Hung Dylan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Droplet Generation ◽  
Magnetic Actuation ◽  
Pdms Surface ◽  
Polymeric Surface ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Droplet Manipulation

Droplet manipulation is important in the fields of engineering, biology, chemistry, and medicine. Many techniques, such as electrowetting and magnetic actuation, have been developed for droplet manipulation. However, the fabrication of the manipulation platform often takes a long time and requires well-trained skills. Here we proposed a novel method that can directly generate and manipulate droplets on a polymeric surface using a universal plasma jet. One of its greatest advantages is that the jet can tremendously reduce the time for the platform fabrication while it can still perform stable droplet manipulation with controllable droplet size and motion. There are two steps for the proposed method. First, the universal plasma jet is set in plasma mode for modifying the manipulation path for droplets. Second, the jet is switched to air-jet mode for droplet generation and manipulation. The jetted air separates and pushes droplets along the plasma-treated path for droplet generation and manipulation. According to the experimental results, the size of the droplet can be controlled by the treatment time in the first step, i.e., a shorter treatment time of plasma results in a smaller size of the droplet, and vice versa. The largest and the smallest sizes of the generated droplets in the results are about 6 µL and 0.1 µL, respectively. Infrared spectra of absorption on the PDMS surfaces with and without the plasma treatment are investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Tests of generating and mixing two droplets on a PDMS surface are successfully achieved. The aging effect of plasma treatment for the proposed method is also discussed. The proposed method provides a simple, fast, and low-cost way to generate and manipulate droplets on a polymeric surface. The method is expected to be applied to droplet-based cell culture by manipulating droplets encapsulating living cells and towards wall-less scaffolds on a polymeric surface.

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