A Comparative Study between Bimetallic Iron@copper Nanoparticles with Iron and Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Bioflocculant: Their Applications and Biosafety

Nanotechnology addresses numerous environmental problems such as wastewater treatment. Ground water, surface water and wastewater that is contaminated by toxic organic, inorganic solutes and pathogenic microorganisms can now be treated through the application of nanotechnology. The study reports iron@copper (Fe@Cu) nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesized using a bioflocculant in a green approach technique. Characterization of the as-synthesized materials was achieved using analytical techniques such as Fourier transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH2) groups was shown by FT-IR spectroscopy studies and the as-synthesized material was shown to be thermostable. Elements such as oxygen, carbon, iron and copper were found to be abundant in Wt%. Absorption peaks were found between 200 and 390 nm wavelength and diffraction peaks at 2θ –29°, 33° and 35° for FeNPs, CuNPs and Fe@Cu, respectively. In their application, the effect of various parameters on the flocculation activity were evaluated. Both the CuNPs and (Fe@Cu) nanoparticles have shown the best flocculation activity at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL with over 90% activity, while the dosage size with a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL was optimal for FeNPs. The FeNPs were found to be cation dependent, while CuNPs and Fe@Cu nanoparticles flocculate in the absence of a cation and flocculate both in acidic and alkaline pH. All the synthesized nanoparticles are thermostable and maintain flocculation activity above 80% at 100 °C. Both the Fe@Cu and CuNPs were found to be effective in removing dyes with the removal efficiency above 89% and were found to be effective in removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in Mzingazi river water and coal mine wastewater with over 80% removal efficiency. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles showed some remarkable antimicrobial properties when evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The as-synthesized material was found to be safe to use at low concentration when verified against human embryonic cells (HEK293) and breast cancer cells (MCF7) and biodegradable.

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Optimization and Application of Bioflocculant Passivated Copper Nanoparticles in the Wastewater Treatment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16122185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 2185 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini ◽

Albertus Kotze Basson ◽

Viswanadha Srirama Rajasekhar Pullabhotla

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Flocculation Activity ◽

Ft Ir

Nanotechnology offers a great opportunity for efficient removal of pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms in water. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized using a polysaccharide bioflocculant and its flocculation, removal efficiency, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetry, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The highest flocculation activity (FA) was achieved with the lowest concentration of copper nanoparticles (0.2 mg/mL) with 96% (FA) and the least flocculation activity was 80% at 1 mg/mL. The copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) work well without the addition of the cation as the flocculation activity was 96% and worked best at weak acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH with the optimal FA of 96% at pH 7. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were found to be thermostable with 91% FA at 100 °C. The synthesized copper nanoparticles are also high in removal efficiency of staining dyes, such as safranin (92%), carbol fuchsine (94%), malachite green (97%), and methylene blue (85%). The high removal efficiency of nutrients such as phosphate and total nitrogen in both domestic wastewater and Mzingazi river water was observed. In comparison to ciprofloxacin, CuNPs revealed some remarkable properties as they are able to kill both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Surfactant Capped Copper Nanoparticles Using Natural Vitamin

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 2130-2134

Author(s):

B. VARUN KUMAR ◽

Y. PARVEEN TAJ ◽

K. HUSSAIN REDDY

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Inert Gas ◽

Average Particle ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Gas Insulation ◽

Triton X

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have captivated amazing and renewable interest in recent years due to their fascinating features. In present investigation, CuNPs were produced by reducing copper sulphate with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in aqueous medium without inert gas insulation at low temperature (80 ºC). In present synthetic procedure, a native vitamin C was applied as insulating agent to prevent oxidation of nascent CuNPs during the process and in storage. Triton X-100 was added that worked both as a size controller and as a capping agent. The CuNPs were characterized by UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Optical properties of Cu nanoparticles were explored using UV-vis spectroscopy. FT IR was employed to uncover the bonding between copper nanoparticles and Triton X-100. The CuNPs were discerned by PXRD and SEM-EDX Techniques. From the major diffraction peaks, the average particle size is determined using Debye-Scherer equation and it is found to be about 15 nm. It is hoped that the present results would pave a way for developing plans for the production of nascent CuNPs in the absence of inert gas insulation.

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Mikania Mikrantha Leaf Extract Mediated Biogenic Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Its Antimicrobial Activity Study

10.26434/chemrxiv.13203887.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aayushi Biswas ◽

Vanlalveni Chhangte ◽

R. Lalfakzuala ◽

Soumitra Nath ◽

Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Ir

With an aim to introduce a new highly potent antimicrobial nanoparticles using an environment-friendly route, he present work reports the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) utilizing Mikania mikrantha leaf extract and its application as efficient antimicrobial agent. The green Fe3O4NPs have been described by X-beam diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) investigation. The TEM image shows the rhomboidal Fe3O4NPs with average mean sizes 20.27 nm. The FT-IR investigation proved Fe3O4NPs have been balanced out through the associations of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, phenolic acids and proteins present in the leaf extract. The synthesized Fe3O4NPs shows a very high antibacterial and antifungal property against 5 bacterial strains such as Bacillus cereus, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter spanius and Chromobacterium pseudoviolaceum strain, and 4 fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citirinum, Fusarium oxysporium, and Candida albicans). The green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles can interfere metabolic activities of microorganisms which determine its antimicrobial properties and could bring a promising application in the fields of medicine.

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Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12071618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1618 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini ◽

Albertus Kotze Basson ◽

Rajasekhar VSR Pullabhotla

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Iron Nanoparticles ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Heat Stability ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Ir Studies ◽

Flocculation Activity ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Wastewater remains a global challenge. Various methods have been used in wastewater treatment, including flocculation. The aim of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using a polymeric bioflocculant and to evaluate its efficacy in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. A comparison between the efficiencies of the bioflocculant and iron nanoparticles was investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the material. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the presence of elements such as O and C that were abundant in both samples, while FT-IR studies showed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH2). Fe nanoparticles showed the best flocculation activity (FA) at 0.4 mg/mL dosage as opposed to that of the bioflocculant, which displayed the highest flocculation activity at 0.8 mg/mL, and both samples were found to be cation-dependent. When evaluated for heat stability and pH stability, FeNPs were found thermostable with 86% FA at 100 °C, while an alkaline pH of 11 favored FA with 93%. The bioflocculant flocculated poorly at high temperature and was found effective mostly at a pH of 7 with over 90% FA. FeNPs effectively removed BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in all two wastewater samples from coal mine water and Mzingazi River water. Cytotoxicity results showed both FeNPs and the bioflocculant as nontoxic at concentrations up to 50 µL.

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Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from Dried Ginger

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1930703 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

R. Shruthi Devi ◽

M. Jeevitha ◽

S. Preetha ◽

S. Rajeshkumar

Keyword(s):

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Nano science is considered to be an important area in research in which developing nontoxic, reliable and ecofriendly synthesis of nanoparticles by the green approach has a vital part. Nanoparticles that contain antimicrobial and antioxidant properties are considered to be a new trend for developing therapeutic agents that help in killing drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms. The present study is focused on discovering the antioxidant properties of copper nanoparticles synthesized from dried ginger. Dried ginger is a traditional medicine used widely and has shown to possess good antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The phytochemical compounds of dried ginger can act as a reducing agent to synthesize copper nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles were preferred for this study as it has unique physical and chemical properties. There are various methods used to synthesize nanoparticles and here in this study we have used the green synthesis method for synthesizing the copper nanoparticles. The copper nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and its antioxidant property was evaluated by DPPH assay.

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Mikania Mikrantha Leaf Extract Mediated Biogenic Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Its Antimicrobial Activity Study

10.26434/chemrxiv.13203887 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aayushi Biswas ◽

Vanlalveni Chhangte ◽

R. Lalfakzuala ◽

Soumitra Nath ◽

Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Ir

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Synthesis of Functionalized Magnetite Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite for Removal of Acid Fuchsine Dye

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207321666181019111211 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 583-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Rahnama ◽

Shahab Shariati ◽

Faten Divsar

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Magnetic Core ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Sorption Data ◽

Salt Addition ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Ft Ir

Objective: In this research, a novel magnetite titanium dioxide nanocomposite functionalized by amine groups (Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2-NH2) was synthesized and its ability for efficient removal of Acid Fuchsine as an anionic dye from aqueous solutions was investigated. Method: The core-shell structure of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 was prepared using Fe3O4 as magnetic core, tetra ethyl orthosilicate as silica and tetra butyl titanate as titanium source for shell. The synthesized nanocomposites (particle size lower than 44 nm) were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DRS, SEM and TGA instruments. The various experimental parameters affecting dye removal efficiency were investigated and optimized using Taguchi fractional factorial design. Results: The synthesized adsorbent showed the highest removal efficiency of Acid Fuchsine (99 %) at pH= 3.5, without salt addition and during stirring at contact times less than 10 minutes. The study of kinetic models at two concentration levels showed the fast dye sorption on the surface of proposed nanocomposites with pseudo second order kinetic model (R2=1). Also, the fitting of Acid Fuchsine sorption data to Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms suggested that Freundlich model gave a better fitting than other models (R2=0.9936, n=2). Conclusion: Good chemical stability, excellent magnetic properties, very fast adsorption kinetics and high removal efficiency make the synthesized nanocomposite as a proper recoverable sorbent for removal of Acid Fuchsine dye from wastewaters.

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Effective Chromium Adsorption From Aqueous Solutions and Tannery Wastewater Using Bimetallic Fe/Cu Nanoparticles: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network

Air Soil and Water Research ◽

10.1177/11786221211028162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117862212110281

Author(s):

Ahmed S. Mahmoud ◽

Nouran Y. Mohamed ◽

Mohamed K. Mostafa ◽

Mohamed S. Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

P Value ◽

Cu Nanoparticles ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Cr Removal

Tannery industrial effluent is one of the most difficult wastewater types since it contains a huge concentration of organic, oil, and chrome (Cr). This study successfully prepared and applied bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles (Fe/Cu NPs) for chrome removal. In the beginning, the Fe/Cu NPs was equilibrated by pure aqueous chrome solution at different operating conditions (lab scale), then the nanomaterial was applied in semi full scale. The operating conditions indicated that Fe/Cu NPs was able to adsorb 68% and 33% of Cr for initial concentrations of 1 and 9 mg/L, respectively. The removal occurred at pH 3 using 0.6 g/L Fe/Cu dose, stirring rate 200 r/min, contact time 20 min, and constant temperature 20 ± 2ºC. Adsorption isotherm proved that the Khan model is the most appropriate model for Cr removal using Fe/Cu NPs with the minimum error sum of 0.199. According to khan, the maximum uptakes was 20.5 mg/g Cr. Kinetic results proved that Pseudo Second Order mechanism with the least possible error of 0.098 indicated that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Response surface methodology (RSM) equation was developed with a significant p-value = 0 to label the relations between Cr removal and different experimental parameters. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were performed with a structure of 5-4-1 and the achieved results indicated that the effect of the dose is the most dominated variable for Cr removal. Application of Fe/Cu NPs in real tannery wastewater showed its ability to degrade and disinfect organic and biological contaminants in addition to chrome adsorption. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Cr, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oil reached 61.5%, 49.5%, 44.8%, 100%, 38.9%, 96.3%, 88.7%, and 29.4%, respectively.

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Efficacy Assessment of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on Stored Grain Insects and Their Impacts on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Ali A. Badawy ◽

Nilly A. H. Abdelfattah ◽

Salem S. Salem ◽

Mohamed F. Awad ◽

Amr Fouda

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Stabilizing Agents ◽

Cuo Nps ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Ir

Herein, CuO-NPs were fabricated by harnessing metabolites of Aspergillus niger strain (G3-1) and characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and XPS. Spherical, crystallographic CuO-NPs were synthesized in sizes ranging from 14.0 to 47.4 nm, as indicated by TEM and XRD. EDX and XPS confirmed the presence of Cu and O with weight percentages of 62.96% and 22.93%, respectively, at varied bending energies. FT-IR spectra identified functional groups of metabolites that could act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents to the CuO-NPs. The insecticidal activity of CuO-NPs against wheat grain insects Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica was dose- and time-dependent. The mortality percentages due to NP treatment were 55–94.4% (S. granarius) and 70–90% (R. dominica). A botanical experiment was done in a randomized block design. Low CuO-NP concentration (50 ppm) caused significant increases in growth characteristics (shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and leaves number), photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), and antioxidant enzymes of wheat plants. There was no significant change in carbohydrate or protein content. The use of CuO-NPs is a promising tool to control grain insects and enhance wheat growth performance.

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Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Functionalized Polydiacetylene Containing Cellulose Nanofibrous Composites for Colorimetric Sensing of Organophosphate Compounds

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1869

Author(s):

A K M Mashud Alam ◽

Donovan Jenks ◽

George A. Kraus ◽

Chunhui Xiang

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Colorimetric Sensing ◽

Electrospinning Technique ◽

Hazardous Chemical ◽

Tensile Tester ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Landmark Study

Organophosphate (OP) compounds, a family of highly hazardous chemical compounds included in nerve agents and pesticides, have been linked to more than 250,000 annual deaths connected to various chronic diseases. However, a solid-state sensing system that is able to be integrated into a clothing system is rare in the literature. This study aims to develop a nanofiber-based solid-state polymeric material as a soft sensor to detect OP compounds present in the environment. Esters of polydiacetylene were synthesized and incorporated into a cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibrous assembly developed with an electrospinning technique, which was then hydrolyzed to generate more hydroxyl groups for OP binding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Instron® tensile tester, contact angle analyzer, and UV–Vis spectroscopy were employed for characterizations. Upon hydrolysis, polydiacetylene esters in the cellulosic fiber matrix were found unaffected by hydrolysis treatment, which made the composites suitable for OP sensing. Furthermore, the nanofibrous (NF) composites exhibited tensile properties suitable to be used as a textile material. Finally, the NF composites exhibited colorimetric sensing of OP, which is visible to the naked eye. This research is a landmark study toward the development of OP sensing in a protective clothing system.

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