scholarly journals Fabrication Process for On-Board Geometries Using a Polymer Composite-Based Selective Metallization for Next-Generation Electronics Packaging

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Sarthak Acharya ◽  
Shailesh Singh Chouhan ◽  
Jerker Delsing
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Cu Metallization ◽  
Pcb Manufacturing ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
Actinic Radiation ◽  
Base Substrate

Advancements in production techniques in PCB manufacturing industries are still required as compared to silicon-ICs fabrications. One of the concerned areas in PCBs fabrication is the use of conventional methodologies for metallization. Most of the manufacturers are still using the traditional Copper (Cu) laminates on the base substrate and patterning the structures using lithography processes. As a result, significant amounts of metallic parts are etched away during any mass production process, causing unnecessary disposables leading to pollution. In this work, a new approach for Cu metallization is demonstrated with considerable step-reducing pattern-transfer mechanism. In the fabrication steps, a seed layer of covalent bonded metallization (CBM) chemistry on top of a dielectric epoxy resin is polymerized using actinic radiation intensity of a 375 nm UV laser source. The proposed method is capable of patterning any desirable geometries using the above-mentioned surface modification followed by metallization. To metallize the patterns, a proprietary electroless bath has been used. The metallic layer grows only on the selective polymer-activated locations and thus is called selective metallization. The highlight of this production technique is its occurrence at a low temperature (20–45 °C). In this paper, FR-4 as a base substrate and polyurethane (PU) as epoxy resin were used to achieve various geometries, useful in electronics packaging. In addition, analysis of the process parameters and some challenges witnessed during the process development are also outlined. As a use case, a planar inductor is fabricated to demonstrate the application of the proposed technique.

Tuning of thermal and dielectric properties for epoxy composites filled with electrospun alumina fibers and graphene nanoplatelets through hybridization

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 7195-7202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Wei Zha ◽  
Tian-Xing Zhu ◽  
Yun-Hui Wu ◽  
Si-Jiao Wang ◽  
Robert K. Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Electrical Insulation ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Alumina Fibers ◽  
Excellent Adhesion ◽  
Cure Shrinkage

Epoxy resin is widely used for electrical and electronics packaging in various forms due to its excellent adhesion, low cure shrinkage and good electrical insulation.

scholarly journals Deterioration Behavior of Epoxy Resin for Electronics Packaging and Its Adhesive Joint with Ni by Water Absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Hironao MITSUGI ◽  
Riku SUZUKI ◽  
Ikuo SHOHJI ◽  
Tatsuya KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Electronics Packaging

Prediction of Temperature Distribution and Residual Stress in SLM Printed Parts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Seok Park ◽  
Ngoc-Hien Tran ◽  
Ansari Md Jonaet
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Manufacturing Planning ◽  
System A ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Fast Cooling ◽  
Metallic Parts

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder bed based additive manufacturing (AM) process to manufacture metallic parts. SLM is the complex thermal-physical-chemical process of the interaction between a laser source and metallic powders. The SLM printing method has been applied widely for fabricating the metallic parts. However, the high temperature in heating and fast cooling during SLM process result in the large residual stress which affects to the quality of the SLM printed parts such as distortion and cracks. This research proposes to develop a system for predicting the quality of the part from the manufacturing planning to remove the failures before carrying out the real printing process. For developing such system, a model for predicting the temperature distribution should be generated. From this model, an interrelationship between process parameters and temperature distribution should be derived out. Based on that, the deformation can be predicted by calculating residual stress along with the result of temperature distribution.

scholarly journals Integration of AM process in design cycle of metallic parts: Application to space components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Duboeuf ◽  
Etienne Lemaire ◽  
Alain Remouchamps ◽  
Tom Van Eekelen ◽  
Charles Chary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Process Development ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
End To End ◽  
Metallic Parts

Identified in the European strategy as a key enabling technology, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has a great potential for industries to reshape, improve and optimize product life cycle, with reduced environmental footprint such as material waste in production. Allowing to meet structural and multi-disciplinary requirements with complex freeform design at a much lower weight than high constrained conventional manufacturing, AM can benefit to numerous space applications. Beside manufacturing process development, software and process control are becoming absolutely necessary to support digitalization of industrial workflow. Dedicated tools such as Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) were introduced in the digital manufacturing chain; however, their development was driven by standard manufacturing processes. Therefore, appropriate design methods for AM must emerge in a fully integrated end-to-end solution to foster and support the growth and competitiveness of AM. In order to support industrialization of AM, the European Space Agency has selected the Design4AM project, based on a strong partnership between Siemens and Sonaca, for “Development of Design Methods for AM including CAD Design, Optimization, FEM Analysis and Manufacturing features”. On one hand, the project aims at combining within a comprehensive end-to-end process, topology optimization, seamless CAD data flows and predictive process simulation in the Siemens’ NX™ and Simcenter™ environments. On the other hand, the integration of dedicated industrial design workflow within the enhanced Siemens Digital Innovation Platform is validated on a relevant ESA space application provided by Sonaca.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Resin Systems for Ablative Thermal Protection System

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Jai Krishna Mishra ◽  
C.S.P. Rao ◽  
P.S.C. Bose ◽  
N. Kishore Nath ◽  
G. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Protection System ◽  
Rocket Motor ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Test Results

The present work was initiated to finalize resin for the development of thermal protection system (TPS) for the external surface of a polymeric composite rocket motor case made up of Carbon roving and Epoxy resin. The temperature on the outer surface of the composite case increases due to kinetic heating caused by aerodynamic drag and vehicle velocity. These rocket motor casings are functionally required only in the ascent phase of missile trajectory till motor action time and stage separation. Due to which the experienced heat flux is relatively less, and the temperature on the external composite case is in order of 250 °C - 300 °C depending on missile configuration & trajectory, unlike extreme thermal conditions on ablative nozzle liners exposed to rocket motor exhaust. The maximum allowable temperature in the present study for the Carbon-Epoxy case is 100 °C due to degradation in mechanical properties. The thermal protection system on the external surface will function as a heat-insulating layer based on the working mechanism of ablation. The resin of the thermal protection layer has a substantial impact on the manufacturing process and curing aspects, especially compatibility with the pre-cured carbon epoxy case layer. The generation of test results for thermal stability, cure characteristics and Tg for Epoxy resin has also been included in present studies as an additional objective that provides significant inputs for process development. The test results for Epoxy resin is also used as a basis for the finalization of resin for the thermal protection layer for processing aspects apart from its basic thermal stability characteristics. The ablative thermal protection working mechanism is based on the ablation phenomenon. In the case of ablation, resin plays a vital role due to pyrolysis and other thermal characteristics. In the present experimental studies, the Phenolic resin and Silicone resin are considered as candidate resin materials for ablative thermal protection system based on available literature and in house experience. The main objective of the present studies is to evaluate thermal stability, char yield after final decomposition through DSC and TGA techniques for both resins as these are fundamental characteristics needed for the present specific application. The test results for specific grades (formulation) of phenolic and Silicone resins are generated and compared. In the present work, the experimental studies to evaluate glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability, and cure characteristics for Epoxy resin is also carried through DSC. The test results of specific grade Epoxy resin provides a basis to assess thermal margins for resins selected for ablative thermal protection system and inputs for process development and design requirements. The scope of the present studies is aimed to finalize the resin system for external thermal protection of composite rocket motor case based on thermal characteristics test results and other compatibility aspects with the structural layer.

scholarly journals Inorganic Agents Modified Epoxy Eesin

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Claudia-Mihaela Gorovei ◽  
Alina-Mihaela Ceoromila ◽  
Vasile Bria ◽  
Adrian Circiumaru ◽  
Iulian-Gabriel Birsan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Epoxy System ◽  
Modified Epoxy

An additive is a substance, which when incorporated into polymer materials might lead at improvements on the electrical, thermal or mechanical properties of finished products in dependence of their applications, such as automotive, electronics, packaging and consumer goods. This study is based on the idea of using inorganic agents to change the basic properties of an epoxy resin. The well-known plasticizer 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used to solve the inorganic agents and the mixture of obtained solutions was added, in certain amounts, into the epoxy resin prior the hardener of the epoxy system. The idea is to test the hypothesis of forming of ceramic nanostructures into the polymer structure based on local chemical interaction between solved inorganic compounds in certain conditions. The present paper concerns with the effect of changes on the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Surface Structure in Microtomed Sections Caused by Glass and Diamond Knives

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black ◽  
William G. Boldosser
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Body Angle ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Cutting Direction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Diamond Knife

Ultramicrotomy produces plastic deformation in the surfaces of microtomed TEM specimens which can not generally be observed unless special preparations are made. In this study, a typical biological composite of tissue (infundibular thoracic attachment) infiltrated in the normal manner with an embedding epoxy resin (Epon 812 in a 60/40 mixture) was microtomed with glass and diamond knives, both with 45 degree body angle. Sectioning was done in Portor Blum Mt-2 and Mt-1 microtomes. Sections were collected on formvar coated grids so that both the top side and the bottom side of the sections could be examined. Sections were then placed in a vacuum evaporator and self-shadowed with carbon. Some were chromium shadowed at a 30 degree angle. The sections were then examined in a Phillips 300 TEM at 60kv.Carbon coating (C) or carbon coating with chrom shadowing (C-Ch) makes in effect, single stage replicas of the surfaces of the sections and thus allows the damage in the surfaces to be observable in the TEM. Figure 1 (see key to figures) shows the bottom side of a diamond knife section, carbon self-shadowed and chrom shadowed perpendicular to the cutting direction. Very fine knife marks and surface damage can be observed.

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