scholarly journals The Autophagy Creates Balance Mechanism between Apoptosis and Necroptosis: A Scorpion (Mesobuthus Nigrocinctus) Envenomation-Anti-Venom Administration Modelling in Mice

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Mehmet Eray Alçığır ◽  
Özcan Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Balance Mechanism

In the study, we aimed to show the role of autophagy which acting as a seesaw between apoptosis and necroptosis increasing and decreasing changes in certain vital organs under effects of envenomation by Mesobuthus nigrocinctus and anti-venom administration in mice. In group design, we previously classified totally 42 Albino mice into two main categories including 1st, 3th and 6th hours of envenomation and anti-venom administrated animals (at dosages of 20LD50, 30LD50 and 40LD50) before standard envenomation procudure. These were sub-divided into six groups including envenomed and anti-venom administrated mice (n = 6 at each one) were studied as well as not being evenomed and not anti-venom-administrated mice (n = 6) were used as control group (n = 6). At the end of 24 h after envenomation, all animals were sacrificed. Liver, kidneys, spleen, heart and lungs tissues were collected from all groups. After routine histopathological examination, expressions of mTOR as an autophagy activator, expressions of RIPK3 as a necroptosis activator, and caspase-3, caspase-9 as the markers of apoptotic cell death signals were evaluated by immunoperoxidase method in addition to DNA in-situ fragmentations by TUNEL method in aforementioned tissues. In envenomed groups, caspases and TUNEL reactions were low after envenomation in contrast to high RIPK3 expressions. mTOR expressions were remained at stable. In anti-venom administration groups, mTOR and RIPK3 expressions were more decreased in contrast to higher caspases exspressions and TUNEL expressions. In conclusion, we think that the scorpion envenomation drift solely the cells to necroptosis. And, under presence of anti-venom supply, the decreased mTOR expressions triggered autophagy and dependently that apoptosis was developed instead of necroptosis. We believed that this venom-antivenom administration study is a usefull role-model for better understanding of switch effect of autophagy between apoptosis and necroptosis.

scholarly journals Caspase-9 cleavage, do you need it?

2007 ◽  
Vol 405 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davina Twiddy ◽  
Kelvin Cain
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Autocatalytic Cleavage ◽  
Downstream Effector ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Journal ◽  
Effector Caspase ◽  
Effector Caspases

Caspase-9, which is activated by association with the Apaf-1 (apoptotic protease-activating factor-1) apoptosome complex, cleaves and activates the downstream effector caspases-3 and -7, thereby executing the caspase-cascade and cell-death programme. Although caspase-9 does not need to be cleaved to be active, apoptotic cell death is always accompanied by autocatalytic cleavage and by further downstream effector caspase-dependent cleavage of caspase-9. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Denault and co-workers evaluate the role of caspase-3-dependent cleavage of caspase-9 and conclude that this mechanism mainly serves to enhance apoptosis by alleviating XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) inhibition of the apical caspase.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic Effects of Stanozolol on Male Rats‘ Hippocampi: Does Stanozolol cause apoptosis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Faezeh Nemati Karimooy ◽  
Alireza Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan ◽  
Abbas Mohammadi Pour ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

AbstractStanozolol is an anabolic-androgenic steroid which is commonly abused by athletes for improved energy, appearance, and physical size. It has been previously shown to cause changes in behaviour and has various physical effects. Studies have previously been conducted on its neurotoxic effect on the central nervous system (CNS), which are typically psychological in nature. This study was performed to investigate the apoptotic effect of stanozolol on different parts of the rat hippocampus. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received subcutaneous injections of stanozolol (5mg/kg/day) for consecutive 28 days, whereas the control group received saline using the same dosing schedule and administration route. After routine procedures, coronal sections of rat brain were stained with Toluidine blue and TUNEL for pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell detection, respectively. In order to compare groups, the mean number of TUNEL-positive and pre-apoptotic neurons per unit area were calculated and analysed. Histopathological examination revealed that the mean number of pre-apoptotic and apoptotic neurons in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG areas of the hippocampus were significantly increased in the stanozolol treated group. In conclusion, stanozolol abuse may induce pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell formation in different regions of the hippocampus.

scholarly journals S-Methyl Cysteine Protective Effects in Oreochromis Niloticus Fish Contaminated by Thiobencarb Herbicide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ali Elmadawy ◽  
Walied Abdo ◽  
Amira Alaa El-Dein Omar ◽  
Nadia B. Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treated Fish

Thiobencarb which is a carbamate herbicide is used for managing undesirable weeds during rice cultivation in Egypt. This study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of a field dose of thiobencarb on Nile tilapia and ameliorating the role of the low dose of S-methyl cysteine (SMC). Experimental fishes were divided into four groups; first group was reared without any treatments and served as a control group; the second group was exposed to thiobencarb (36µg/L); the third group was fed on a commercial feed containing 200 mg of SMC/Kg in conjunction with thiobencarb added to aquarium (36µg/L) while, the fourth group was fed on a feed containing 200 mg of SMC/Kg only. Fishes were sacrificed at the end of the experimental course (two months) and sampling was carried out. Catalase, Glutathione S Transferase activities, Glutathione reduced, and Malondialdhyde levels were assayed. Genotoxic effect of thiobencarb and SMC on treated fish was investigated in erythrocytes, gills, and liver tissues using micronucleus and comet assay. Histopathological examination of livers, gills, and brain was also carried out. The results indicated that fish exposed to thiobencarb indicated herbicide dependent oxidative stress and genotoxic effect justified by a significant difference in antioxidant biomarkers as well as nuclear abnormalities and comet parameters compared to control values. Moreover, histopathological findings were in line with other results. SMC ameliorated the adverse effects which were effective in the improvement of DNA and oxidative damage in thiobencarb intoxicated fish.

scholarly journals PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVISTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Handoko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Critical Thinking Ability ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Thinking Ability ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of biology through constructivistic learning towards the critical thinking ability. This research addresses the role of constructivistic learning (inquiry and cooperative learning strategy) as well as these interactions towards the increase of the critical thinking ability. Quasy experimental research of Pretest-postest nonequivalent control group design with factorial design 2x2x2 were implemented on X grade student of the state SMA in Metro City Lampung. The  research sample consists of 96 students. To examine hypothesis, it is used Ancova technique and continued by LSD test. There was a difference on the critical thinking ability  between students who learn by inquiry level 1 with student who learn by inquiry level 2. and there was not difference on the critical thinking ability  between students who learn by STAD cooperative  with student who learn by TPS. There is no effect of interaction between inquiry with cooperative towards the critical thinking ability. Kata kunci: konstuktivistik, kemampuan berpikir kritis

scholarly journals MiR-27b-3p Targeting BDNF Inhibits TrkB / CREB Signaling Pathway and Improves IL-1 β Induced Chondrocytic Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailian Ruan ◽  
Rui jun Cong ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Chondrocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Creb Pathway

Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic disease characterized by progressive disability and joint pain. Meniscus chondrocytes apoptosis is the main cause of reduced chondrocyte number and self-repair function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miR-27b-3p in KOA.In this study, we found that the expression of miR-27b-3p was downregulated in cultured IL-1β treated chondrocyte and cartilage tissues in KOA. KOA overexpression evidently reduced IL-1β induced chondrocyte apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression.The upregulated iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and proteins expression was also inhibited by miR-27b-3p mimics. The expression of nitric oxide, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 was also inhibited by miR-27b-3p mimics. The target gene of miR-27b-3p was confirmed to be BDNF. TrkB/CREB pathway was proved to be the downstream pathway of miR-27b-3p/BDNF axis.The apoptotic cell percentage and nitric oxide, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 expression was induced by BDNF+IL-1β. This induction was inhibited by miR-27b-3p mimics. The cartilage tissues stained with safranin O results showed miR-27b-3p greatly decreased KOA induced cartilage degradation. The expression of BDNF、TrkB and p-CREB was inhibited by len-miR-27b-3p. MiR-27b-3p also reduced the expression of TNF-α、IL-6 and Bax, and increased Bcl-2 expression. These results indicated miR-27b-3p could applied to inhibit the development of KOA and miR-27b-3p/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway could serve as novel treatment target to handle KOA.

scholarly journals Vitamin C attenuates methotrexate-induced oxidative stress in kidney and liver of rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Savran ◽  
E Cicek ◽  
DK Doguc ◽  
H Asci ◽  
S Yesilot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Vit C

Like several other anticancer drugs, methotrexate (MTX) causes side effects, such as neuropathic pain, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Abnormal production of reactive oxygen species has been suspected in the pathophysiology of MTX-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the probable protective role of vitamin C (Vit C) on oxidative stress induced by MTX in the liver and kidney tissues of rats. A total of 32 rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups. The first group served as the control group. The second group received a single dose of 20 mg/kg of MTX intraperitoneally. To demonstrate our hypothesis, the third and the fourth groups received 250 mg/kg of Vit C for 3 days by oral gavage, with or without MTX treatment. At the end of the study, the liver and kidney tissues of the rats were collected and examined using histology. Both the tissues were assayed for malondialdehyde concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. In hepatic and renal tissues, lipid peroxidation levels were increased, whereas SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels were decreased by MTX. All parameters, including CAT levels in hepatic tissue, were significantly restored after the administration of Vit C for 3 days. Similar to the biochemical findings, evidence of oxidative damage was examined in both types of tissues by histopathological examination. From the results of this study, we were able to observe that Vit C administration modulates the antioxidant redox system and reduces the renal and hepatic oxidative stress induced by MTX. Vit C can ameliorate the toxic effect of MTX in liver and kidney tissues of rat.

scholarly journals IMPROVING STUDENT’S MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND SELF CONCEPT BY USING RECIPROCAL TEACHING

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Dani Agung Prasetio ◽  
Utari Sumarmo ◽  
Asep Ikin Sugandi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Reciprocal Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
High Level

This study is a pretest-postest experiment control group design having a goal to analyze the role of Previous Mathematical Ability and Reciprocal Teaching in mathematics (RTM) on students’ mathematical reasoning ability (MRA) and self concept in mathematics (SCM). The study involves 66 seventh grade students, a PMA test,  a MRA test, and a SCM scale, and student’s perception on RTM. The study revealed that RTM took better role than PMA on obtaining MRA and SCM. For entirely students and of students with high PMA in both teaching approaches and the grades of MRA and SCM were at high level. Besides that, study found there were no association between MRA and SCM and there were no interaction between PMA and teaching approaches toward RMA and SCM. Like  that, students expressed positive opinion on RTM, even if, student still realized few difficulties in solving MRA,

scholarly journals Comparison of Cerebral Effects of Thiopental and Propofol Infusion in Traumatic Brain Injured Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsa Yıldız ◽  
Yıldıray Kiliccioglu ◽  
Hamit Yoldas ◽  
Ibrahim Karagoz ◽  
Buket Kın Tekce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Neutral Formalin ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract Objective: To compare the cerebral effects of propofol and thiopental infusions in rats with experimental head trauma.Methods: This experimental study included a total of 30 rats, and the animals were randomly divided into 3 groups; as control group (Group C), propofol group (Group P) and thiopental group (Group T). Blood samples were taken 4 hours following infusion. A craniotomy was performed, the brain was removed, and it was placed in 10% neutral formalin for histopathological examination. The materials were examined biochemically and histopathologically, and then compared between the groups.Results: The S100B value between the groups was significantly lower in the thiopental group compared to the control group (p = 0.018). Tau protein levels were significantly lower in the propofol group compared to the control group (p = 0.07).In histological examinations, the numbers of apoptotic cells in the propofol and thiopental groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the propofol and thiopental groups in terms of apoptotic cell numbers (p = 0.3). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that thiopental and propofol infusions following a head trauma reduce apoptotic cell death and cause decreases in trauma markers.

scholarly journals lncRNA NEAT1 regulates CYP1A2 and influences steroid-induced necrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 969-980
Author(s):  
Yongfang Zhou ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Fengyang Xu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jianhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Necrosis Of Femoral Head ◽  
Lncrna Neat1

Abstract The main cause of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head (SNFH) is excessive glucocorticoid (GC) intake. The aim of this article was to investigate the role of lncRNA NEAT1 as a molecular sponge to adsorb miR-23b-3p and regulate CYP1A2 in SNFH. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to localize lncRNA NEAT1. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were collected from patients with SNFH. The expression of lncRNA NEAT1, miR-23b-3p and CYP1A2 in hBMSCs were intervened. Compared to the control group, the lncRNA NEAT1 and CYP1A2 expression in the SNFH group was increased, while miR-23b-3p expression was decreased. GCs could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and upregulate the expression of lncRNA NEAT1. Knockdown of lncRNA NEAT1 could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in the SNFH group. Overexpression of miR-23b-3p could partially counteract the effect of lncRNA NEAT1 on hBMSCs. CYP1A2 was confirmed to be a target of miR-23b-3p. Overexpression of CYP1A2 could partially rescue the effect of miR-23b-3p overexpression on hBMSCs. In conclusion, lncRNA NEAT1 as a ceRNA can adsorb miR-23b-3p and promote the expression of CYP1A2, which then inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and promotes the progress of SNFH.

scholarly journals Role of Olive leaves Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Alleviating The Molecular and Histological Changes of Kidney in Female Goats-Induced by Gentamicin (Part III)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ((E0)) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Aamir M. Al-ghareebaw
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Intraperitoneal Treatment ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to investigate the protective influence of olive leave extract zinc oxidenanoparticles (OLEZnONPs) complex against gentamicin–induced kidney dysfunctions ingoats. Twenty five adult female goats were randomly divided into five equal groups andtreated as follows: control group (C) administered sterile distilled water (IM) for 10 days,group G administered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin (IM) for 7 days, group Z administered 10μg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) for 3 days, group GTZ administered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin(IM) for 7 days and then 10 μg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) for 3 days, group GWZadministered 25 mg/kg BW gentamicin (IM) and 10 μg/kg BW of OLEZnONPs (IP) togetherfor first 3 days and then followed by gentamicin only for 4 days. After seven days of theexperiment, the gene expression of kidney injury molcule-1(KIM-1) and neutrophilgelatinase-association lipocalin (NGAL) gene expression of kidney tissue were measured. Inaddition, samples of kidney were obtained for histopathological examination. Gentamicinmedication induced a marked elevation in kidney tissue KIM-1 and NGAL gene expressionin G and GTZ groups compared to control and other groups. Intraperitoneal treatment ofgoats with OLEZnONPs did not significantly affect NGAL and KIM-1 gene expression in Z,GWZ, and control groups. Histologically, in contrast to control, gentamicin induced moreextensive kidney damages such as necrotized glomeruli, atrophic glomeruli, and renaltubular epithelial necrosis, while it was found that these alterations in kidney tissues wereimproved in goats given OLEZnONPs with gentamicin compared to group G. In conclusion,our results demonstrate that OLEZnONPs reduce the deleterious effects of gentamicin withsignificantly decreasing of KIM-1 and NGAL gene expression and remodeling the histologicalchanges of kidney in goats

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