scholarly journals New Concepts of Hydrogen Production and Storage in Arctic Region

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Mikhail Dvoynikov ◽  
George Buslaev ◽  
Andrey Kunshin ◽  
Dmitry Sidorov ◽  
Andrzej Kraslawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

The development of markets for low-carbon energy sources requires reconsideration of issues related to extraction and use of oil and gas. Significant reserves of hydrocarbons are concentrated in Arctic territories, e.g., 30% of the world’s undiscovered natural gas reserves and 13% of oil. Associated petroleum gas, natural gas and gas condensate could be able to expand the scope of their applications. Natural gas is the main raw material for the production of hydrogen and ammonia, which are considered promising primary energy resources of the future, the oxidation of which does not release CO2. Complex components contained in associated petroleum gas and gas condensate are valuable chemical raw materials to be used in a wide range of applications. This article presents conceptual Gas-To-Chem solutions for the development of Arctic oil and gas condensate fields, taking into account the current trends to reduce the carbon footprint of products, the formation of commodity exchanges for gas chemistry products, as well as the course towards the creation of hydrogen energy. The concept is based on modern gas chemical technologies with an emphasis on the production of products with high added value and low carbon footprint.

scholarly journals The Prospects for Reducing the Carbon Footprint in Liquefied Natural Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
D. M. Grigoyeva ◽  
◽  
E. B. Fedorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Industry

To meet the terms of the Paris Agreement, it will be necessary to restructure the world economy, make an energy transition to low-carbon development, which will subsequently affect the conventional energy sources industry and, in particular, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector. The article provides an overview of the prospects for reducing the carbon footprint in the gas industry. Technical, political and economic measures of decarbonization formation are given. The prospects of the natural gas export market for Russia are outlined. The classification of technologies related to carbon dioxide capture is presented. Special attention is paid to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the LNG industry.

scholarly journals Catalytic production of low-carbon footprint sustainable natural gas

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Si ◽  
Rui Lu ◽  
Zhitong Zhao ◽  
Xiaofeng Yang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Forestry Residues ◽  
Solid Biomass

AbstractNatural gas is one of the foremost basic energy sources on earth. Although biological process appears as promising valorization routes to transfer biomass to sustainable methane, the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is the major limitation for the production of mixing gas to meet the natural gas composition of pipeline transportation. Here we develop a catalytic-drive approach to directly transfer solid biomass to bio-natural gas which can be suitable for the current infrastructure. A catalyst with Ni2Al3 alloy phase enables nearly complete conversion of various agricultural and forestry residues, the total carbon yield of gas products reaches up to 93% after several hours at relative low-temperature (300 degrees Celsius). And the catalyst shows powerful processing capability for the production of natural gas during thirty cycles. A low-carbon footprint is estimated by a preliminary life cycle assessment, especially for the low hydrogen pressure and non-fossil hydrogen, and technical economic analysis predicts that this process is an economically competitive production process.

Applied Novel Quality Check Method for PVT Data with High Impurities Using Various Samples from Malaysian Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luky Hendraningrat ◽  
Intan Khalida Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Pvt Data ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract PVT analysis of reservoir fluid samples provides essential information for determining hydrocarbon in place, depletion strategy, and hydrocarbon flowability. Hence, quality checking (QC) is necessary to ensure the best representative sample for further analysis. Recently, a novel tool based on Equation of State (EOS) was introduced to tackle the limitation of the Hoffmann method for surface samples with high impurities and heavier components. This paper presents comprehensively evaluating a novel EOS-based method using various PVT data from Malaysian fields. Numerous PVT separator samples from 30 fields with various reservoir fluids (Black Oil, Volatile, and Gas Condensate) were carried out and evaluated. The impurities contain a wide range of up to 60%. The 2-phase P-T (pressure and temperature) diagram of each oil and gas phase before recombination was calculated using PVT software based on Equation of State (EOS). The 2-phase P-T diagram was created and observed the intersection point as calculated equilibrium at separator conditions. Once it is observed and compared with written separator condition in the laboratory report and observed its deviation. Eventually, the result will be compared with the Hoffmann method. The Hoffmann method is well-known as a traditional QC method that was initially developed using gas condensate PVT data to identify possible errors in measured separator samples. If the sample has high impurities and/or heavier components, the Hoffmann method will only show a straight line to the lighter components and those impurities and heavier components will be an outlier that engineers will misinterpret that it has errors and cannot be used for further analysis such PVT characterization. The QC using EOS-based were conducted using actual fields data. It shows potential as novel QC tools but observed only less than 10% of data with complete information that can meet intersection points located precisely similar with reported in the laboratory. There is some investigation and evaluation of the EOS-based QC method. First, most of the molecular weight of the heavier fluid composition of gas and oil phase was not reported or used assumptions especially when its mole fraction is not zero. Second, properties of heavier components of the oil phase (molecular weight and specific gravity) were not measured and assumed similar as wellstream. Third, pressure and temperature data are inconsistent between the oil and gas phase at the separator condition. This study can provide improvement in laboratory measurement quality and help engineers to have a better understanding of PVT Report, essential data requirements, and assumptions used in the laboratory. Nevertheless, the Hoffmann method can be used as an inexpensive QC tool because it can be generated in a spreadsheet without a PVT software license. Both combination techniques can provide a comprehensive evaluation for separator samples with high impurities before identifying representative fluid for further analysis.

scholarly journals Review of Oilfield Chemicals Used in Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
M. Chukunedum Onojake ◽  
T. Angela Waka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oilfield Chemicals

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation and marketing of natural gas, crude oil and refined petroleum products. The oil industry demands more sophisticated methods for the exploitation of petroleum. As a result, the use of oil field chemicals is becoming increasingly important and has received much attention in recent years due to the vast role they play in the recovery of hydrocarbons which has enormous  commercial benefits. The three main sectors of the petroleum industry are Upstream, Midstream and Downstream. The Upstream deals with exploration and the subsequent production (drilling of exploration wells to recover oil and gas). In the Midstream sector, petroleum produced is transported through pipelines as natural gas, crude oil, and natural gas liquids. Downstream sector is basically involved in the processing of the raw materials obtained from the Upstream sector. The operations comprises of refining of crude oil, processing and purifying of natural gas. Oil field chemicals offers exceptional applications in these sectors with wide range of applications in operations such as improved oil recovery, drilling optimization, corrosion protection, mud loss prevention, drilling fluid stabilization in high pressure and high temperature environment, and many others. Application of a wide range of oilfield chemicals is therefore essential to rectify issues and concerns which may arise from oil and gas operational activities. This review intends to highlight some of the oil field chemicals and  their positive applications in the oil and gas Industries.

Energy Transition: Optimizing Existing E&P Value and Clean Energy Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Allan ◽  
Richard Brogan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Reduction of CO2 emissions has become a key component of many E&P company strategies, reflecting the accelerating demands of interest groups, activist investors, and country specific legislation for specific targets and measures of carbon footprint reduction. Underlying this requirement for change are the existing investments and cash flows resulting from the core ‘conventional’ business opportunities, that while potentially carbon heavy generate the cashflows needed to sustain and grow the business. Our work with several major energy firms has shown that assumptions and decisions impacting the pace of needed change need to be carefully tested, as many of the optimal decisions are counter intuitive. An example at a large integrated company was the insight that expansion of its shale resource investments accelerated the transition to a lower carbon footprint, given the cashflow generation and potential to advance low carbon alternatives in parallel. A portfolio model has been developed that replicates many of the options a company might assess in developing a strategy for carbon reduction and energy transition. This includes estimations of carbon generation from existing businesses as well as carbon reducing strategies ranging from carbon capture to new clean energy sources such as wind, solar, or hydrogen. A case study is used to represent the existing performance delivery and expectations for a large, integrated oil firm as it ‘transitions’ into a cleaner, low-carbon company. This modelling provides a window into the complexity of timing trade-offs, criticality in specific early investments, and drivers to the decisions surrounding a transitional business. The impacts of stasis, premature ‘forced’ transition, and errors in new clean energy ‘bets’ are assessed and tested, providing insights into risk mitigation strategies and alternatives. The case study clarifies the complexity in trade-offs within what appears to be a ‘simple’ energy transition strategy. This highlights the value and insights resulting from quantitative modelling of these decision structures. This paper provides examples of current methods of quantifying and assessing carbon reducing strategies. As the actual costs of generation depends on political considerations and societal demands, a wide range of typical company assumptions is outlined. In assessing alternative sources, the paper outlines the related ‘costs’ in the most touted clean-energy alternatives, both in the costs of implementation as well as the possible costs or charges resulting from future carbon generation. While most integrated energy companies have considered carbon reduction within their strategic plans for many years now, the investments in carbon reduction are for the most part negligible in comparison to conventional investments. International attention to carbon reduction and changes in societal expectations are putting additional pressures on companies to adapt more rapidly. However, transition introduces additional uncertainty, as seen by the possibility of a reduction in the credit ratings of some companies. Planning and understanding the proposed path is key to success.

Using Multi-Dimensional Combustion Simulations of a Natural Gas/Diesel Dual Fuel Engine to Investigate NOx Trends With Air-Fuel Ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hockett ◽  
Michael Flory ◽  
Joel Hiltner ◽  
Scott Fiveland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Wide Range

Natural gas/diesel dual fuel engines used in oil and gas drilling operations must be able to meet NOx emissions limits across a wide range of substitution percentage, which affects the air to natural gas ratio or gas lambda. In a dual fuel engine operating at high substitution, premixed, propagating natural gas flames occur and the NOx formed in such premixed flames is known to be a strong function of gas lambda. Consequently there is interest in understanding how NOx formation in a dual fuel engine is affected by gas lambda. However, NOx formation in a dual fuel engine is complicated by the interaction with the non-premixed diesel jet flame. As a result, previous studies have shown that enriching the air-fuel ratio can either increase or decrease NOx emissions depending on the operating conditions investigated. This study presents multi-dimensional combustion simulations of an air-fuel ratio sweep from gas lambda 2.0 to 1.5 at 80% substitution, which exhibited a minimum in NOx emissions at a natural gas lambda of 1.75. Images from the simulations are used to provide detailed explanations of the physical processes responsible for the minimum NOx trend with natural gas lambda.

scholarly journals Geochemical analysis and origin of gas in volcanic reservoirs in the Songliao Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhen Tao ◽  
Changwei Li ◽  
Weijiao Ma ◽  
Deliang Liu ◽  
Jingkui Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volcanic Reservoirs

Volcanic reservoirs are extensive in the Songliao Basin and mainly include intermediate-basic rocks in the northern part, intermediate-acidic rocks in Xujiaweizi in the southern part, and acidic rocks in the Jinglin block. The natural gas in the volcanic reservoirs of the Songliao Basin has a wide range of compositions, with alkanes being dominant in most cases, although carbon dioxide is dominant in some wells. Generally, the gas in the volcanic rocks near deep faults has high contents of carbon dioxide, whereas the natural gas in volcanic rocks far from faults has low carbon dioxide contents. The gas in the volcanic reservoirs is of multiple origins, including abiogenic gas of probable mantle origin (generally found in wells with high carbon dioxide contents) and organic gas mainly derived from organic matter in the basin. The abiogenic alkanes have δ13C values in the order of δ13C1 > δ13C2 > δ13C3 > δ13C4, which is opposite that of alkanes of organic origin. The 3He/4He ratios of the fluid inclusions from the volcanic reservoirs range from 0.286 × 10−6 to 7.33 × 10−6, with an average of 2.48 × 10−6, and the R/Ra ratios range from 0.26 to 5.24, with most values being greater than 1.0, indicating mixed origins of noble gases from the crust and the mantle. The gas in fluid inclusions from the volcanic reservoirs has δ13C1 values ranging from −17.1 to −28.7‰ (PDB), δ13C2 values ranging from −23.4 to −32.4‰ (mostly approximately −25‰), and δ13Cco2 values ranging from −10.97 to −21.73‰, which are significantly different from the isotopic compositions of the gas in the present reservoirs, suggesting that some abiogenic alkanes may have been charged into the reservoirs during the geologic history of the basin. The early charged CO2 is mainly organic in origin, while the abiogenic CO2 was charged during the main accumulation period, producing a mix of origins for the gas in the volcanic reservoirs of the Songliao Basin. The abiogenic alkanes, He, and CO2 in the natural gas indicate the addition of some abiogenic gas to the gas. According to the relationship between the distribution and attitude of volcanic rocks and faults, we found that the abiogenic gas reservoirs are located near fault zones, whereas the organic and mixed gas reservoirs are located far from fault zones. The geochemical study of natural gas is helpful in determining the origin and spatial distribution patterns of gas in deep volcanic reservoirs and for directing further gas exploration in the Songliao Basin.

A Study on the Weldability of INCOLOY 825 Alloys and STS316L Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyung Su Kim ◽  
So Young Choi ◽  
Young Sik Kim ◽  
Jong Do Kim
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Incoloy 825

Bellows are widely used as parts in industrial machinery such as ships, valves, automotive, semiconductor equipment, flow and pressure sensors, and even in aircraft. Due to the recent depletion of conventional fossil fuels, natural liquified petroleum is increasingly demanded as an alternative energy, which in turn increases the demand for bellows on LNG ships. As the material used the bellows of LNG ships, the STS316L and INCOLOY 825 alloy, resistant to low-temperature embrittlement and corrosion, are used. STS316L is low-carbon stainless steel with a carbon content of less than 0.03%, preventing intergranular corrosion by welding work and maintaining its toughness and strength at a low temperature. In addition, Ni-Fe-Cr-based INCOLOY 825 alloy, containing Mo, Cu and Ti, is an alloy material resistant to general local corrosion in various atmospheres. INCOLOY 825 alloy is widely used for the creation of chemical processing equipment and in pollution-treatment facilities, oil and gas reduction equipment, acid manufacturing plants, pickling plants, nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment facilities as well as in the bellows of LNG ships. Furthermore this material maintains good mechanical properties across a wide range of temperatures from ultra-low temperatures up to temperature approaching 500 °C. In this study, to assess its quality as a LNG ship bellows material, the STS316L and INCOLOY 825 alloy, used at an ultra-low temperature, the optimal welding conditions were established and its formability was analyzed by conducting an Erichsen test.

scholarly journals Data Processing Method of Well Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
V. V. Dmitruk ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kasyanenko ◽  
E.B. Kovinchenko ◽  
I.V. Kravchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Compressed Gas

This publication discusses research work to improve the existing process for cooling compressed gas at the Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas condensate field of OJSC «Severneftegazprom». This project consisted in a scientific study of technological processes for the treatment, compression and transportation of natural gas. Based on the results of the research project, a system for additional cooling of compressed gas after the gas pumping units of the booster compressor station was developed (independent of the ambient temperature). When implementing into the existing technological process of cooling the compressed gas, the developed system will provide the required temperature parameters of the natural gas together with the operated air cooling units of gas and recuperative heat exchangers. To select an additional gas cooling system providing the required cooling capacity, taking into account existing energy resources (electricity, natural gas) and climatic conditions of the Yuzhno-Russkoe oil and gas condensate field, a detailed modeling of the different options of cooling systems of gas actually available on the market of this equipment in Russia and the option selection with the highest rates of integral effect and performance index. The proposed solution guarantees a stable supply of commercial natural gas within the framework of contractual obligations and excludes the influence of temperature factors of the environment on technological processes.

scholarly journals How will energy transition impact the major EU natural gas suppliers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-42
Author(s):  
Maria Olczak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Carbon Gases

This paper focuses on the adaptation strategies of two major EU natural gas suppliers – Gazprom and Equinor – to new challenges imposed by the clean energy transition. Oil and gas companies around the world have already started to adjust their business strategies, inter alia, by investing in renewable energy. The recently proposed European Green Deal adds additional decarbonisation pressure to the gas sector with the increasing supply of renewable and low-carbon gases and the reduction of energy-related methane emissions.

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