Effect of X-Ray Tube Configuration on Measurement of Key Soil Fertility Attributes with XRF

The successful use of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) sensors for soil analysis requires the selection of an optimal procedure of data acquisition and a simple modelling approach. This work aimed at assessing the performance of a portable XRF (XRF) sensor set up with two different X-ray tube configurations (combinations of voltage and current) to predict nine key soil fertility attributes: (clay, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, base saturation (V), and extractable nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg). An XRF, operated at a voltage of 15 kV (and current of 23 μA) and 35 kV (and current of 7 μA), was used for analyzing 102 soil samples collected from two agricultural fields in Brazil. Two different XRF data analysis scenarios were used to build the predictive models: (i) 10 emission lines of 15 keV spectra (EL-15), and (ii) 12 emission lines of 35 keV spectra (EL-35). Multiple linear regressions (MLR) were used for model calibration, and the models’ prediction performance was evaluated using different figures of merit. The results show that although X-ray tube configuration affected the intensity of the emission lines of the different elements detected, it did not influence the prediction accuracy of the studied key fertility attributes, suggesting that both X-ray tube configurations tested can be used for future analyses. Satisfactory predictions with residual prediction deviation (RPD) ≥ 1.54 and coefficient of determination (R2) ≥ 0.61 were obtained for eight out of the ten studied soil fertility attributes (clay, OM, CEC, V, and extractable K, Ca, and Mg). In addition, simple MLR models with a limited number of emission lines was effective for practical soil analysis of the key soil fertility attributes (except pH and extractable P) using XRF. The simple and transparent methodology suggested also enables future researches that seek to optimize the XRF scanning time in order to speed up the XRF analysis in soil samples.

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Peran Vegetasi Dominan Pada Karakteristik Tanah di Lahan Bera, Kampung Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v20i2.1899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

Slamet Arif Susanto ◽

Heru Joko Budirianto ◽

Agatha Cecilia Maturbongs

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Fallow Land ◽

Dracontomelon Dao ◽

High Base ◽

Important Value Index ◽

Lansium Domesticum ◽

Very High

Abstrak: Selama proses suksesi, vegetasi merupakan satu dari komponen utama untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan peran vegetasi dominan pada karakteristik tanah di lahan bera berumur 15 tahun Kampung Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari. Vegetasi dominan ditentukan berdasarkan data indeks nilai penting (INP) analisis vegetasi. Sampel tanah diambil secara komposit pada luasan lahan 1 hektar dari dua kedalaman tanah (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm). Vegetasi yang mendominasi lahan bera secara berurutan adalah Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, dan Pimelodendron amboinicum. Kehadiran O. sumatrana mengindikasikan lahan bera tanah aluvial, lebih lanjut terbukti karena lahan bera tersebut berdekatan dengan Sungai Womnowi. Karakteristik fisik tanah didominasi oleh fraksi lempung dan unsur makro lebih tinggi pada kedalaman 0–10 cm dibanding kedalaman 10–20 cm. Karakteristik tanah menunjukkan bahwa tanah tergolong masam (pH 5.4–5.6), kadar karbon organik tanah sedang (1.07–3.39%), kadar nitrogen total rendah (0.17–0.53%), kadar fosfor tersedia tergolong tinggi (10.7–22.4 ppm), kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tergolong tinggi (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), kejenuhan basa tergolong sangat tinggi (65.4–66.7%), dan kadar Al3+ and H+ sangat rendah. Secara keseluruhan urutan KTK menunjukkan Ca > Mg > Na > K yang mengonfirmasi tanah aluvial dan pencucian kalium terjadi dengan cepat. Rendahnya kadar kalium dapat dihubungkan dengan penggunaan unsur tersebut untuk pembentukan buah L. domesticum. Selama pemberaan 15 tahun, vegetasi dominan memengaruhi karakteristik tanah.Kata kunci: vegetasi pohon, kesuburan tanah, analisis tanah, aluvial, Papua BaratAbstract: During succesional season vegetation is one of major compound to increase soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyzed and description dominant vegetation and their contribution to soil characteristic at fallow land 15 years old Womnowi Village, Sidey District, Manokwari. To determine dominant vegetations we used data important value index (IVI) of vegetation. Two depth of sample soils (0–10 cm dan 10–20 cm) were taken from one hectare area by composite technique. The dominant vegetation on fallow land dominated by Pometia pinnata, Dracontomelon dao, Octomeles sumatrana, Lansium domesticum, and Pimelodendron amboinicum respectively. Presence of O. sumatrana was indicated that the type of aluvial fallow land, further it is proven because the fallow land is close to the Womnowi River. Soil physical characteristic dominated by clay fractions, macronutrient was higher in depth 0-10 cm than 10-20 cm. Characteristic of soil shows acidic soils (pH 5.4–5.6), moderate of soil organic carbon (1.07–3.39%), total of nitrogen was low (0.17–0.53%), high available phosphorus (10.7–22.4 ppm), moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC) (10.50–20.32 cmol kg-1), very high base saturation (65.4–66.7%), and very lows of Al3+ and H+. Overall the order of CEC shows Ca > Mg > Na > K respectively confirmed aluvial soil and fast leached potassium in soil. Low potassium levels are thought be related to the use of the element for fruits formation of L. domesticum. During 15 year fallowed, dominant vegetation had influence to soil characteristic.Key words: tree vegetation, soil fertility, soil analysis, alluvial, West Papua

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Assessment and Mapping soil fertility status of Potato Super Zone, Kavrepalanchowk

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (02) ◽

pp. 108-115

Author(s):

S. P. Vista ◽

T. B. Ghimire ◽

T. S. Rai ◽

B. S. Kutu ◽

B. K. Karna

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Sampling ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Fertility Status

Potato is a staple food crop in high hills and mountains and a major vegetable throughout the country and one of the most important cash generating crops in Nepal. With the efforts undertaken by research and extension sectors, its productivity has significantly increased in last twenty years. However, this is not sufficient for increasing population of the country. Considering its potentiality for income, employment, industrial products, export and processing, appropriate technologies are urgent.Soil fertility evaluation is the most basic decision making tool for the sustainable soil nutrient management. Soil fertility studies and mapping is an effective way to diagnose soil status and recommend as per the need of the nutrient to particular crop in the area. This research aims to assess and prepare soil nutrient map of potato super zone, Kavrepalanchowk in Nepal. The specific objectives of the research were to assess soil texture, pH and organic matter status and simultaneously prepare soil fertility map of the potato super zone. A total of 202 soil samples were collected and nutrients were analyzed using standard procedure in the soil laboratory. Composite soil samples were collected from 6 to 10 different spots of the area at 0-20 cm depth by using soil auger. The GPS location of each soil sampling point was noted. The soil sampling point of each zone was determined by studying various aspects (area, slope, colour, texture, etc.) of the study area. Based on the nutrient status, nutrient maps were prepared and presented. Soil fertility maps were prepared by observing the critical nutrients required for the specific crops and by giving those nutrients certain ranking based on the nutrients role for the crop. The soil of Potato super zone was mostly found to be silty loam, moderately acidic (pH 5.9), medium in organic matter content (2.67%) and total nitrogen (0.13%), high in available phosphorus content (56 kg/ha) and available potassium (356kg/ha). There is also sandy loam, loam and silty clay loam types of soil in the area. Soil fertility maps were prepared by setting criteria based on nutrient status that were tested in the laboratory and on the basis of nutrients that are critical for each crops of the super zones. Vegetable super zone soil was found having medium (50%) and high (30%) fertility status. Based on the soil analysis report, it could be concluded that the soils of potato super zone is fair enough for cultivating potato crop at the moment.

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Mineralogical, physical and chemical investigation of compacted Kunigel V1 bentonite in contact with a steel heater in the ABM test package 1 experiment, Äspö laboratory, Sweden

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.2017.052.1.09 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 127-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Sasamoto ◽

T. Isogai ◽

H. Kikuchi ◽

H. Satoh ◽

D. Svensson

Keyword(s):

Exchange Capacity ◽

Exchangeable Cations ◽

Exchangeable Cation ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Swelling Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Set Up ◽

The Stability ◽

High Level ◽

Physical And Chemical

AbstractIn many countries, compacted bentonite is a candidate engineering barrier material for safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) set up an in situ experiment (the ABM project) to compare the stability of different bentonites under the conditions of exposure to an iron source and to elevated temperature (up to 130°C) at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden. Results for the Japanese bentonite (Kunigel V1) are summarized in the present study.Mineralogical investigation using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) suggested no transformation of smectite or neoformed clay phases. However, a distinct change in exchangeable cations of smectite was indicated (i.e. from Na type to Fe type and/or Ca type) in the bentonite in the vicinity of the steel heater.Measurements of hydraulic conductivity and swelling properties suggest that no significant changes occurred in the bentonite even in the vicinity of the steel heater. This is attributed to the limited portion of the bentonite affected by the iron–bentonite interactions and the incomplete ion-exchange reactions. The methylene blue cation exchange capacity and the determination of the exchangeable cations showed that the lateral distribution for these parameters was constant. However, the total exchangeable cation population has changed significantly compared to the initial sample.

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Chemical Properties of Forest Soils from Romania West Plain

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.7.7342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 2371-2374 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucian Dinca ◽

Ion Chisalita ◽

Ilie-Cosmin Cantar

Keyword(s):

Soil Analysis ◽

Humus Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Point Of View ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Management Plans ◽

Cationic Exchange ◽

Forest District

The present paper characterizes the soils from Romania�s West Plain from a chemical property point of view, based on data from forest management plans. As such, for each forest district, soil samples from characteristic forest areas are gathered once at ten years and then analyzed. In this manner, soil reaction, base saturation degree, total cationic exchange capacity, humus content and total nitrogen where analyzed and compared with results of soil analysis from other Romanian areas.

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EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH SAWAH DI DESA RANOKOLO KECAMATAN MAUROLE KABUPATEN ENDE

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v12i2.203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

Yeremias Dala ◽

Charly Mutiara

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Survey Method ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Fertility Analysis ◽

The Village ◽

Low K ◽

Total P

Land that was managed by intensively will effect decreasing soil fertility. This condition happened in the rice fields in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the fertile of paddy soil, and the soil chemical criteria in the village have been carried out. This study uses a survey method, which is to determine the soil sample taken using the purposive sampling method. With this method obtained 13 research sites. Soil sampling in this study using soil samples that operated. And the replaced variables are C-Organic, available K, total P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and Base Saturation (KB). The results showed, the C-Organic variable in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, is classified as low, K as moderate, P-total as high, CEC is moderate, and Saturation of Bases as moderate. From the results of soil fertility analysis, the criteria for soil fertility in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency is low with a C-Organic limiting factor.

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Assessing Soil Key Fertility Attributes Using a Portable X-ray Fluorescence: A Simple Method to Overcome Matrix Effect

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10060787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 787 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tiago Rodrigues Tavares ◽

Abdul Mounem Mouazen ◽

Elton Eduardo Novais Alves ◽

Felipe Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

Fábio Luiz Melquiades ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Matrix Effect ◽

Prediction Accuracy ◽

Matrix Effects ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Simple Method ◽

Soil Matrix ◽

X Ray ◽

The Matrix

The matrix effect is one of the challenges to be overcome for a successful analysis of soil samples using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) sensors. This work aimed at evaluation of a simple modeling approach consisted of Compton normalization (CN) and multivariate regressions (e.g., multiple linear regressions (MLR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR)) to overcome the soil matrix effect, and subsequently improve the prediction accuracy of key soil fertility attributes. A portable XRF was used for analyzing 102 soil samples collected from two agricultural fields with contrasting soil matrices. Using the intensity of emission lines as input, preprocessing methods included with and without the CN. Univariate regression models for the prediction of clay, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable (ex-) K and Ca were compared with the corresponding MLR models to assess matrix effect mitigation. The MLR and PLSR models improved the prediction results of the univariate models for both preprocessing methods, proving to be promising strategies for mitigating the matrix effect. In turn, the CN also mitigated part of the matrix effect for ex-K, ex-Ca, and CEC predictions, by improving the predictive performance of these elements when used in univariate and multivariate models. The CN has not improved the prediction accuracy of clay. The prediction performances obtained using MLR and PLSR were comparable for all evaluated attributes. The combined use of CN with multivariate regressions (MLR or PLSR) achieved excellent prediction results for CEC (R2 = 0.87), ex-K (R2 ≥ 0.94), and ex-Ca (R2 ≥ 0.96), whereas clay predictions were comparable with and without CN (0.89 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.92). We suggest using multivariate regressions (MLR or PLSR) combined with the CN to remove the soil matrix effects and consequently result in optimal prediction results of the studied key soil fertility attributes. The prediction performance observed for this solution showed comparable results to the approach based on the preprogrammed measurement package tested (Geo Exploration package, Bruker AXS, Madison, WI, USA).

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Microstructural Analysis on Biochar Obtained from Rubber Wood Sawdust via Slow Pyrolysis

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 13-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norazman Farhaneem ◽

Sian Meng Se ◽

Mohd Fairuz Dimin ◽

Azizah Shaaban

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Wood Sawdust ◽

Rubber Wood ◽

Higher Temperature

Biochar was derived from the crop residue as multifunction materials for agriculture purposes and a soil amendment to improve soil fertility. Rubber wood sawdust (RWSD) was heated slowly inside the vertical furnace for an hour at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 700 °C. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of pyrolysis temperatures on the physiochemical properties of the biochar. The properties of biochar were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with Energy Dispersive X-ray for elemental analysis. It was found that pore size distribution was more uniform on samples heated at higher temperature (700 °C). The SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the O:C ratio was directly proportional to the heating temperature. These means that slow pyrolysis of RWSD at 700 °C could produce biochar of greater cation exchange capacity (CEC) that important for soil fertility improvement.

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EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH SAWAH DI DESA RANOKOLO KECAMATAN MAUROLE KABUPATEN ENDE

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v12i2.304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

Yeremias Dala ◽

Charly Mutiara

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Survey Method ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Fertility Analysis ◽

The Village ◽

Low K ◽

Total P

Land that was managed by intensively will effect decreasing soil fertility. This condition happened in the rice fields in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the fertile of paddy soil, and the soil chemical criteria in the village have been carried out. This study uses a survey method, which is to determine the soil sample taken using the purposive sampling method. With this method obtained 13 research sites. Soil sampling in this study using soil samples that operated. And the replaced variables are C-Organic, available K, total P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and Base Saturation (BS). The results showed, the C-Organic variable in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, is classified as low, K as moderate, P-total as high, CEC is moderate, and Saturation of Bases as moderate. From the results of soil fertility analysis, the criteria for soil fertility in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency is low with a C-Organic limiting factor.

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Penilaian Status Kesuburan Tanah Desa Tijayan Kecamatan Manisrenggo Kabupaten Klaten

Agrotechnology Research Journal ◽

10.20961/agrotechresj.v5i2.54230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

Elvina Septianta Molle ◽

Andree Setiawan Wijaya ◽

Alfred Jansen Sutrisno

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Total Potassium

Tijayan Village is located in Manisrenggo District, Klaten Regency, which has an area of agricultural land in the form of rice fields which is 105.80 ha of 155.3 ha of the village area. The extent of agricultural land in Tijayan Village needs to be maintained to increase agricultural products ranging from rice, secondary crops, and horticulture commodities. The researcher found a lack of information about soil maintenance in Tijayan Village. Therefore, the researcher conducted this research to determine and study the soil fertility and soil management efforts based on the limiting factors of fertility in Tijayan Village. In addition, soil fertility assessment is based on a desk study, detailed survey, soil analysis, making fertility distribution maps, and descriptive analysis. Determination of soil fertility status based on Soil Research Guidelines published by Soil Research Center, Bogor Indonesia, with parameters of cation exchange capacity, base saturation, total phosphorus, total potassium, and C- organic. Map made by using the ArcGIS 10.4 application. The fertility of Tijayan Village is categorized as low soil fertility class. The limiting factors for soil fertility are soil cation exchange capacity 3.47 me/ 100 g until 12.33 me/100g, total potassium < 10 mg/100g, and C- organic 1.213% - 2.286% . Consequently, management needs to be done by adding organic matter to the soil, fertilizing organically or inorganically, and the principle of healthy plant cultivation for rice fields.

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Assessment of Soil Fertility in Smallholder Potato Farms in Rwanda

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Adrien Turamyenyirijuru ◽

Guillaume Nyagatare ◽

Robert Morwani Gesimba ◽

Rhoda Jerop Birech

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Agro Ecological Zones

This study assessed soil fertility in potato farms of Birunga and Buberuka highlands agro-ecological zones (AEZs). It compared nutrients levels (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) and other parameters (pH, organic carbon [OC], cation exchange capacity [CEC], base saturation [BS], bulk density [BD] and texture) of soil samples. ANOVA revealed that pH of soils (5.53-6.50) varied from slightly to moderately acidic, BD fell below optimum for plant growth (Lessthan 1.8gcm-3), texture was sandy loam to sand clay loam. Soil fertility for OC (3.33-5.53%), N (0.15-0.31%) and CEC (10.08-18.60 meq/100g) varied from low to medium; and medium to high for BS (34.78-61.91%); was qualified medium for P (5.75-9.20 ppm), K (0.21-0.54 meq/100g), S (6.46 - 8.15 ppm) and majority of micronutrients. Values from Birunga AEZ were higher than ones from Buberuka AEZ except for BD, CEC, clay, silt, Na and Fe. There were significant differences between farms within locations for all parameters and significant differences between locations for all parameters except Na and Mn.

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