Performance Evaluation of Spaceborne Integrated Path Differential Absorption Lidar for Carbon Dioxide Detection at 1572 nm

As one of the most influential greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) has a profound impact on the global climate. The spaceborne integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar will be a great sensor to obtain the columnar concentration of CO2 with high precision. This paper analyzes the performance of a spaceborne IPDA lidar, which is part of the Aerosol and Carbon Detection Lidar (ACDL) developed in China. The line-by-bine radiative transfer model was used to calculate the absorption spectra of CO2 and H2O. The laser transmission process was simulated and analyzed. The sources of random and systematic errors of IPDA lidar were quantitatively analyzed. The total systematic errors are 0.589 ppm. Monthly mean global distribution of relative random errors (RREs) was mapped based on the dataset in September 2016. Afterwards, the seasonal variations of the global distribution of RREs were studied. The global distribution of pseudo satellite measurements for a 16-day orbit repeat cycle showed relatively uniform distribution over the land of the northern hemisphere. The results demonstrated that 61.24% of the global RREs were smaller than 0.25%, or about 1 ppm, while 2.76% of the results were larger than 0.75%. The statistics reveal the future performance of the spaceborne IPDA lidar.

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Carbon Costs of Indonesian Forested Land Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations

Shirkah Journal of Economics and Business ◽

10.22515/shirkah.v3i3.221 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Walyoto

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Global Climate ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Carbon Price ◽

Forest Conversion ◽

Carbon Costs ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Co2 Release

This article analyzes the loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) released in the forest conversion to oil palm plantations. This research data gathered from the relevant secondary data and relate published reports. This research finds that a loss of release of carbon dioxide (CO2) per hectare of US $ 9,800 with a carbon price of USD2 of US $ 14,000 carbon price of USD3 and US $ 19,600 in carbon price of USD4. In addition, this conversion also has a significant impact on global warming (GWP) and global climate change. Keywords: oil palm plantation, CO2 release, GWP, climate change.

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The travel-related carbon dioxide emissions of atmospheric researchers

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-8-7373-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 7373-7389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Stohl

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Information Exchange ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Global Climate ◽

Air Travel ◽

Ozone Production ◽

Per Capita ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Most atmospheric scientists agree that greenhouse gas emissions have already caused significant changes to the global climate system and that these changes will accelerate in the near future. At the same time, atmospheric scientists who – like other scientists – rely on international collaboration and information exchange travel a lot and, thereby, cause substantial emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, the CO2 emissions of the employees working at an atmospheric research institute (the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU) caused by all types of business travel (conference visits, workshops, field campaigns, instrument maintainance, etc.) were calculated for the years 2005–2007. It is estimated that more than 90% of the emissions were caused by air travel, 3% by ground travel and 5% by hotel usage. The travel-related annual emissions were between 1.9 and 2.4 t CO2 per employee or between 3.9 and 5.5 t CO2 per scientist. For comparison, the total annual per capita CO2 emissions are 4.5 t worldwide, 1.2 t for India, 3.8 t for China, 5.9 t for Sweden and 19.1 t for Norway. The travel-related CO2 emissions of a NILU scientist, occurring in 24 days of a year on average, exceed the global average annual per capita emission. Norway's per-capita CO2 emissions are among the highest in the world, mostly because of the emissions from the oil industry. If the emissions per NILU scientist derived in this paper are taken as representative for the average Norwegian researcher, travel by Norwegian scientists would nevertheless account for a substantial 0.2% of Norway's total CO2 emissions. Since most of the travel-related emissions are due to air travel, water vapor emissions, ozone production and contrail formation further increase the relative importance of NILU's travel in terms of radiative forcing.

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Reduction of Plant Suitability for Corn Leaf Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Condition

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 935-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Chen ◽

Laurent Serteyn ◽

Zhenying Wang ◽

KangLai He ◽

Frederic Francis

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Global Climate ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Electrical Penetration Graph ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Feeding Site ◽

Corn Leaf Aphid ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract In the current context of global climate change, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are continuously rising with potential influence on plant–herbivore interactions. The effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on feeding behavior of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) on barley seedlings Hordeum vulgare L. was tracked using electrical penetration graph (EPG). The nutrient content of host plant and the developmental indexes of aphids under eCO2 and ambient CO2 (aCO2) conditions were also investigated. Barley seedlings under eCO2 concentration had lower contents of crude protein and amino acids. EPG analysis showed the plants cultivated under eCO2 influenced the aphid feeding behavior, by prolonging the total pre-probation time of the aphids (wandering and locating the feeding site) and the ingestion of passive phloem sap. Moreover, fresh body weight, fecundity and intrinsic population growth rate of R. maidis was significantly decreased in eCO2 in contrast to aCO2 condition. Our findings suggested that changes in plant nutrition caused by eCO2, mediated via the herbivore host could affect insect feeding behavior and population dynamics.

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Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Value-Added Chemicals by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Plasma Catalysis

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9030275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 275 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Miao Liu ◽

Yanhui Yi ◽

Li Wang ◽

Hongchen Guo ◽

Annemie Bogaerts

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Global Climate ◽

Research Priorities ◽

Value Added ◽

Plasma Catalysis ◽

Hydrogenation Of Co2 ◽

Greenhouse Effects ◽

Direct Hydrogenation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Due to the increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), greenhouse effects are becoming more and more severe, causing global climate change. The conversion and utilization of CO2 is one of the possible solutions to reduce CO2 concentrations. This can be accomplished, among other methods, by direct hydrogenation of CO2, producing value-added products. In this review, the progress of mainly the last five years in direct hydrogenation of CO2 to value-added chemicals (e.g., CO, CH4, CH3OH, DME, olefins, and higher hydrocarbons) by heterogeneous catalysis and plasma catalysis is summarized, and research priorities for CO2 hydrogenation are proposed.

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Mesoscale Simulations of Australian Direct Normal Irradiance, Featuring an Extreme Dust Event

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-17-0091.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 493-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. K. Mukkavilli ◽

A. A. Prasad ◽

R. A. Taylor ◽

A. Troccoli ◽

M. J. Kay

Keyword(s):

Radiative Transfer ◽

Climate Models ◽

Global Climate ◽

Weather Prediction ◽

Wrf Model ◽

Global Climate Models ◽

Radiative Transfer Model ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Dust Event ◽

Direct Normal Irradiance

AbstractDirect normal irradiance (DNI) is the main input for concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies—an important component in future energy scenarios. DNI forecast accuracy is sensitive to radiative transfer schemes (RTSs) and microphysics in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Additionally, NWP models have large regional aerosol uncertainties. Dust aerosols can significantly attenuate DNI in extreme cases, with marked consequences for applications such as CSP. To date, studies have not compared the skill of different physical parameterization schemes for predicting hourly DNI under varying aerosol conditions over Australia. The authors address this gap by aiming to provide the first Weather and Forecasting (WRF) Model DNI benchmarks for Australia as baselines for assessing future aerosol-assimilated models. Annual and day-ahead simulations against ground measurements at selected sites focusing on an extreme dust event are run. Model biases are assessed for five shortwave RTSs at 30- and 10-km grid resolutions, along with the Thompson aerosol-aware scheme in three different microphysics configurations: no aerosols, fixed optical properties, and monthly climatologies. From the annual simulation, the best schemes were the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for global climate models (RRTMG), followed by the new Goddard and Dudhia schemes, despite the relative simplicity of the latter. These top three RTSs all had 1.4–70.8 W m−2 lower mean absolute error than persistence. RRTMG with monthly aerosol climatologies was the best combination. The extreme dust event had large DNI mean bias overpredictions (up to 4.6 times), compared to background aerosol results. Dust storm–aware DNI forecasts could benefit from RRTMG with high-resolution aerosol inputs.

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Global Clear-Sky Aerosol Speciated Direct Radiative Effects over 40 Years (1980–2019)

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12101254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1254

Author(s):

Marios-Bruno Korras-Carraca ◽

Antonis Gkikas ◽

Christos Matsoukas ◽

Nikolaos Hatzianastassiou

Keyword(s):

Global Climate ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Radiative Transfer Model ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Radiative Effect ◽

Clear Sky ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Carbon Aerosols ◽

Aerosol Types

We assess the 40-year climatological clear-sky global direct radiative effect (DRE) of five main aerosol types using the MERRA-2 reanalysis and a spectral radiative transfer model (FORTH). The study takes advantage of aerosol-speciated, spectrally and vertically resolved optical properties over the period 1980–2019, to accurately determine the aerosol DREs, emphasizing the attribution of the total DREs to each aerosol type. The results show that aerosols radiatively cool the Earth’s surface and heat its atmosphere by 7.56 and 2.35 Wm−2, respectively, overall cooling the planet by 5.21 Wm−2, partly counterbalancing the anthropogenic greenhouse global warming during 1980–2019. These DRE values differ significantly in terms of magnitude, and even sign, among the aerosol types (sulfate and black carbon aerosols cool and heat the planet by 1.88 and 0.19 Wm−2, respectively), the hemispheres (larger NH than SH values), the surface cover type (larger land than ocean values) or the seasons (larger values in local spring and summer), while considerable inter-decadal changes are evident. These DRE differences are even larger by up to an order of magnitude on a regional scale, highlighting the important role of the aerosol direct radiative effect for local and global climate.

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Carbon dioxide retrieval of Argus 1000 space data by using GENSPECT line-by-line radiative transfer model

Environment and Natural Resources Research ◽

10.5539/enrr.v9n3p77 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

R. K. Jagpal ◽

R. Siddiqui ◽

S. M. Abrarov ◽

B. M. Quine

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Radiative Transfer ◽

Greenhouse Effect ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Trace Gases ◽

Radiative Transfer Model ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Major Contributor ◽

Sources And Sinks ◽

Space Data

The micro-spectrometer Argus 1000 being in space continuously monitors the sources and sinks of the trace gases. It is commonly believed that among other gases CO_2 is the major contributor causing the greenhouse effect. Argus 1000 along its orbit gathers the valuable spectral data that can be analyzed and retrieved. In this paper we present the retrieval of CO_2 gas in the near infrared window 1580 to 1620 nm by using line-by-line code GENSPECT. The retrieved Argus 1000 space data taken over British Columbia on May 31, 2010 indicates an enhancement of CO_2 by about 30%.

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Observing carbon dioxide emissions over China's cities and industrial areas with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-20-8501-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (14) ◽

pp. 8501-8510 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bo Zheng ◽

Frédéric Chevallier ◽

Philippe Ciais ◽

Grégoire Broquet ◽

Yilong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Power Plants ◽

Global Climate ◽

Large Cities ◽

Independent Evaluation ◽

Paris Climate Agreement ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Individual

Abstract. In order to track progress towards the global climate targets, the parties that signed the Paris Climate Agreement will regularly report their anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions based on energy statistics and CO2 emission factors. Independent evaluation of this self-reporting system is a fast-growing research topic. Here, we study the value of satellite observations of the column CO2 concentrations to estimate CO2 anthropogenic emissions with 5 years of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) retrievals over and around China. With the detailed information of emission source locations and the local wind, we successfully observe CO2 plumes from 46 cities and industrial regions over China and quantify their CO2 emissions from the OCO-2 observations, which add up to a total of 1.3 Gt CO2 yr−1 that accounts for approximately 13 % of mainland China's annual emissions. The number of cities whose emissions are constrained by OCO-2 here is 3 to 10 times larger than in previous studies that only focused on large cities and power plants in different locations around the world. Our satellite-based emission estimates are broadly consistent with the independent values from China's detailed emission inventory MEIC but are more different from those of two widely used global gridded emission datasets (i.e., EDGAR and ODIAC), especially for the emission estimates for the individual cities. These results demonstrate some skill in the satellite-based emission quantification for isolated source clusters with the OCO-2, despite the sparse sampling of this instrument not designed for this purpose. This skill can be improved by future satellite missions that will have a denser spatial sampling of surface emitting areas, which will come soon in the early 2020s.

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Colorimetry-based System for Gaseous Carbon Dioxide Detection

U Porto Journal of Engineering ◽

10.24840/2183-6493_006.002_0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 59-69

Author(s):

João Mendes ◽

Luís Coelho ◽

Carlos Manuel De Melo Pereira ◽

Pedro Jorge

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Optical Fibers ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Sensing Material ◽

Gas System ◽

Colorimetric Indicator ◽

Gaseous Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Detection ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Hollow Silica Nanoparticles

The study of sensing materials to the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) was achieved using p-nitrophenol (pNPh) as a colorimetric indicator. The sensing material was polymerized (NPLn), functionalized with 3-triethoxysilyl propyl isocyanate (IPTES) which sensitivity was tested in the form of a membrane as is and encapsulated in hollow silica nanoparticles. The sensing membranes were tested in a closed gas system comprising very precise flow controllers to deliver different concentrations of CO2 (vs. N2). The combination of the sensing membranes with multimode optical fibers and a dual-wavelength diode (LED) allows the measurement of the CO2 through the analysis of the induced absorbance changes with a self-referenced ratiometric scheme. The analysis of the sensing materials have shown significant changes in their chemical and physical properties and the results attest these materials with a strong potential for assessing CO2 dynamics in environmental, medical, and industrial applications.

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Anthropogenic aerosol forcing under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

10.5194/acp-2019-606 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Marianne T. Lund ◽

Gunnar Myhre ◽

Bjørn H. Samset

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Global Climate ◽

Radiative Transfer Model ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽

Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽

Aerosol Forcing

Abstract. Emissions of anthropogenic aerosols are expected to change drastically over the coming decades, with potentially significant climate implications. Using the most recent generation of harmonized emission scenarios, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) as input to a global chemistry transport and radiative transfer model, we provide estimates of the projected future global and regional burdens and radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols under three different levels of air pollution control: strong (SSP1), medium (SSP2) and weak (SSP3). We find that the broader range of future air pollution emission trajectories spanned by the SSPs compared to previous scenarios translates into total aerosol forcing estimates in 2100 relative to 1750 ranging from −0.04 W m−2 in SSP1-1.9 to −0.51 W m−2 in SSP3-7.0. Compared to our 1750–2015 estimate of −0.61 W m−2, this shows that depending on the success of air pollution policies over the coming decades, aerosol radiative forcing may weaken by nearly 95 % or remain close to the pre-industrial to present-day level. In all three scenarios there is a positive forcing in 2100 relative to 2015, from 0.51 W m−2 in SSP1-1.9 to 0.04 W m−2 in SSP3-7.0. Results also demonstrate significant differences across regions and scenarios, especially in South Asia and Africa. While rapid weakening of the negative aerosol forcing following effective air quality policies will unmask more of the greenhouse gas-induced global warming, slow progress on mitigating air pollution will significantly enhance the atmospheric aerosol levels and risk to human health. In either case, the resulting impacts on regional and global climate can be significant.

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