scholarly journals Multi-Dimension and Multi-Channel Seismic-Ionospheric Coupling: Case Study of Mw 8.8 Concepcion Quake on 27 February 2010

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2724
Author(s):  
Kunpeng Shi ◽  
Jinyun Guo ◽  
Yongming Zhang ◽  
Wang Li ◽  
Qiaoli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Input ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Ion Clusters ◽  
Coupling Case ◽  
Atmospheric Stratification ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Radiation Noise ◽  
Noise Factors

GPS radio occultation (RO) technology can fully describe the subtle structure of the ionosphere. This paper discusses the dynamic abnormity observed by the RO data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) before the great earthquake case in Concepcion, Chile (27 February 2010, Mw 8.8). Traditional ground-based GPS monitoring was considered as the external conditions and references to the excitation response. Using kriging interpolation, the global Nmf2 map (GNM) was first constructed to study the ionosphere deviation from the normal state. Successively, the ionosphere abnormality in the F2 region (Nmf2), vertical structure (RO profiles), and multiple heights (electron density) of traveling are unfolded. The Nmf2 disturbances in the possibility of seismic influences were excluded from non-seismic noise factors, including the external input (e.g., space weather activity, 15 February) and meteorological events (e.g., lower atmospheric forcing in quiet periods). However, the results show that there were apparent local Nmf2 perturbations for up to 5 h in the epicenter area on 21 and 25 February. The disturbances of the RO profiles and the interaction of other layers of the ionosphere implied the fluctuation signals of prominent long-wavelength fluctuations >50 km in the F layer. The ionospheric fluctuates wildly, and these wave signals considered as the trace of gravity wave propagating upward are mainly distributed at the elevation of 200–300 km. The simultaneous reaction of GNSS TEC further evidenced the potential possibility of acoustic gravity by the COSMIC RO profiles, reflecting the compounding couplings of seismo-ionosphere effects. In terms of the presentation of VLF radiation noise and the aerosol ion clusters, the electromagnetic and chemical channels have been previously completed by DEMETER and Terra/Aqua satellites. These findings implied the great potential of the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 system (now in the testing phase), with ~5000 soundings to investigate the subtle atmospheric stratification.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis of external conditions based on the MARS-Sobol method: case study of Tai Lake, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruichen Xu ◽  
Yong Pang ◽  
Zhibing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Computer Calculation ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
External Input ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Tai Lake ◽  
External Conditions

Abstract This study utilized the ECO Lab model calculation samples of Tai Lake, in combination with robust analysis and the GCV test, to promote a faster intelligent application of machine learning and evaluate the MARS machine learning method. The results revealed that this technique can be better trained with small-scale samples, as indicated by the R2 values of the water quality test results, which were all >0.995. In combination with the Sobol sensitivity analysis method, the contribution degree of the parameterized external conditions as well as the relationship with the water quality were examined, which indicated that TP and TN are primarily related to the external input water quality and flow, while Chl-a is related to inflow (36.42%), TP (26.65%), wind speed (25.89%), temperature (8.38%), thus demonstrating that the governance of Chl-a is more difficult. In general, the accuracy and interpretability of MARS machine learning are more in line with the actual situation, and the use of the Sobol method can save computer calculation time. The results of this research can provide a certain scientific basis for future intelligent management of lake environments.

A Growth Model for Black Ice, Snow Ice and Snow Thickness in Subarctic Basins

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Leppäranta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Field Work ◽  
External Input ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Snow Thickness

A model for the growth of ice thickness in autumn and winter is presented. Temperature of the upper surface of the ice sheet, snowfall and heat flux from the water are external input variables, and the thickness of black ice, snow ice and snow and the density of snow are predicted through the model. Thermal inertia is neglected. The results are sensitive to the assumed density of freshly fallen snow and the formulation of snow metamorphism. Comparisons between observations and model calculations are given. The agreement is moderate and the need for field work on snow on ice is recognized. A discussion is given on the maximum annual ice thickness under varying external conditions.

ION CLUSTERS IN THE POSITIVE COLUMN OF He-Co AND Ar-Co DISCHARGES

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-31-C7-32
Author(s):  
Y. Kaufman ◽  
P. Avivi ◽  
F. Dothan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Column ◽  
Ion Clusters

The influence of external conditions on sound pressure in the pistonphone at the infrasound frequency range

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
A. V. Konkov ◽  
D. V. Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Numerical Estimations

The influence of environmental conditions on a sound pressure reproduced by the primary method in the measuring chambers of the Pistonphone in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 250 Hz is estimated. Numerical estimations of influence of environmental conditions on sound pressure in pistonphone measuring chambers are given and special requirements to system of maintenance of required external conditions are specified.

The Investment Climate in Russia

2006 ◽  
pp. 48-77
Author(s):  
Article Editorial
Keyword(s):  
Money Demand ◽  
State Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Potential Gdp ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Boom

During the last six years, exceptionally favourable external conditions for an upsurge of the domestic economy have been developed. However, they failed to result in an economic boom, which has been estimated by the authors as quite possible. One of the reasons for this - deterioration of the investment climate in the country that caused a decline of business activities and money demand decrease thus leading to reduction of potential GDP growth rate. The accumulated modernisation problems cannot be resolved without increasing the economic dynamics. But this requires an economic policy able to facilitate predictability of Russian business operational environment, to protect it legally, to secure a system of partnership relations with the government and to respect the interests of the main participants in the state level decision-making process concerning business undertakings and investment climate.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND LED IRRADIATORS ON PINE STRAWBERRY ADAPTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. N. Somova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Control Version

Work on going through the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks comes down to searching for new growth regulators and studying the influence of external conditions, which include, among other things, light effects. The data of 2018-2019 on the effect of growth regulators Siliplant, EcoFus and experimental LED phytoradiators on the adaptation of rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa duch) in vivo are presented. The object of research is rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries of the Korona variety. It was revealed that, at the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks of strawberries, the most effective was the treatment of plants by spraying with Siliplant at a concentration of 1.0 ml/l and the combined treatment with Siliplant and EcoFus at concentrations of 0.5 ml/l: regardless of lighting, the survival rate averaged 99.4 - 99.7%, the leaf surface area increased significantly from 291.85 mm2 to 334.4 mm2. The number of normally developed leaves of strawberry microplants increased significantly after treatment with all preparations from 3.5 to 6.0, 5.8 and 6.5 pcs/plant, and a significant increase in the height of strawberry rosettes was facilitated by treatment with Siliplant and Siliplant together with EcoFus. Regardless of growth regulators, the most effective was the experimental LED phyto-irradiator with a changing spectrum, which contributed to an increase in leaf surface area, height of rosettes and the number of normally developed leaves in strawberry microplants. When illuminated with a flashing phytoradiator, these indicators are lower than in the control version, but not significantly. By the end of the rooting stage, all microplants of garden strawberries corresponded to GOST R 54051-2010.

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