scholarly journals Self-Power Dynamic Sensor Based on Triboelectrification for Tilt of Direction and Angle

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonhee Roh ◽  
Inkyum Kim ◽  
Jinsoo Yu ◽  
Daewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Active Sensor ◽  
Electrostatic Induction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Great Development

With the great development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the use of sensors have increased rapidly because of the importance in the connection between machines and people. A huge number of IoT sensors consume vast amounts of electrical power for stable operation and they are also used for a wide range of applications. Therefore, sensors need to operate independently, sustainably, and wirelessly to improve their capabilities. In this paper, we propose an orientation and the tilt triboelectric sensor (OT-TES) as a self-powered active sensor, which can simultaneously sense the tilting direction and angle by using the two classical principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. The OT-TES device consists of a rectangular acrylic box containing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) balls moved by gravity. The output voltage and current were 2 V and 20 nA, respectively, with a PTFE ball and Al electrode. The multi-channel system was adopted for measuring the degree and direction of tilt by integrating the results of measured electrical signals from the eight electrodes. This OT-TES can be attached on the equipment for drones or divers to measure their stability. As a result, this proposed device is expected to expand the field of TES, as a sensor for sky and the underwater.

scholarly journals A constant current triboelectric nanogenerator arising from electrostatic breakdown

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. eaav6437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Liu ◽  
Xing Yin ◽  
Hengyu Guo ◽  
Linglin Zhou ◽  
Xinyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Electrostatic Induction ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Paradigm Shifting ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In situ conversion of mechanical energy into electricity is a feasible solution to satisfy the increasing power demand of the Internet of Things (IoTs). A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is considered as a potential solution via building self-powered systems. Based on the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction, a conventional TENG with pulsed AC output characteristics always needs rectification and energy storage units to obtain a constant DC output to drive electronic devices. Here, we report a next-generation TENG, which realizes constant current (crest factor, ~1) output by coupling the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic breakdown. Meanwhile, a triboelectric charge density of 430 mC m−2 is attained, which is much higher than that of a conventional TENG limited by electrostatic breakdown. The novel DC-TENG is demonstrated to power electronics directly. Our findings not only promote the miniaturization of self-powered systems used in IoTs but also provide a paradigm-shifting technique to harvest mechanical energy.

Automatic Vulnerability Detection in Embedded Devices and Firmware

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Abdullah Qasem ◽  
Paria Shirani ◽  
Mourad Debbabi ◽  
Lingyu Wang ◽  
Bernard Lebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Symbolic Execution ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the era of the internet of things (IoT), software-enabled inter-connected devices are of paramount importance. The embedded systems are very frequently used in both security and privacy-sensitive applications. However, the underlying software (a.k.a. firmware) very often suffers from a wide range of security vulnerabilities, mainly due to their outdated systems or reusing existing vulnerable libraries; which is evident by the surprising rise in the number of attacks against embedded systems. Therefore, to protect those embedded systems, detecting the presence of vulnerabilities in the large pool of embedded devices and their firmware plays a vital role. To this end, there exist several approaches to identify and trigger potential vulnerabilities within deployed embedded systems firmware. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art proposals, which detect vulnerabilities in embedded systems and firmware images by employing various analysis techniques, including static analysis, dynamic analysis, symbolic execution, and hybrid approaches. Furthermore, we perform both quantitative and qualitative comparisons among the surveyed approaches. Moreover, we devise taxonomies based on the applications of those approaches, the features used in the literature, and the type of the analysis. Finally, we identify the unresolved challenges and discuss possible future directions in this field of research.

scholarly journals Research on Zero-Voltage Ride Through Control Strategy of Doubly Fed Wind Turbine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Kaina Qin ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Zhongjian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
Zero Voltage

With the rapid increase in the proportion of the installed wind power capacity in the total grid capacity, the state has put forward higher and higher requirements for wind power integration into the grid, among which the most difficult requirement is the zero-voltage ride through (ZVRT) capability of the wind turbine. When the voltage drops deeply, a series of transient processes, such as serious overvoltage, overcurrent, or speed rise, will occur in the motor, which will seriously endanger the safe operation of the wind turbine itself and its control system, and cause large-scale off-grid accident of wind generator. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the uninterrupted operation ability of the wind turbine. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) can achieve the best wind energy tracking control in a wide range of wind speed and has the advantage of flexible power regulation. It is widely used at present, but it is sensitive to the grid voltage. In the current study, the DFIG is taken as the research object. The transient process of the DFIG during a fault is analyzed in detail. The mechanism of the rotor overcurrent and DC bus overvoltage of the DFIG during fault is studied. Additionally, the simulation model is built in DIgSILENT. The active crowbar hardware protection circuit is put into the rotor side of the wind turbine, and the extended state observer and terminal sliding mode control are added to the grid side converter control. Through the cooperative control technology, the rotor overcurrent and DC bus overvoltage can be suppressed to realize the zero-voltage ride-through of the doubly fed wind turbine, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the wind farm. Finally, the simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis and the proposed control strategy.

scholarly journals Design and Evaluation of Large-Scale IoT-Enabled Healthcare Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3623
Author(s):  
Omar Said ◽  
Amr Tolba
Keyword(s):  
Packet Loss ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
High Altitude Platforms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Healthcare Architecture ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Employment of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the healthcare field can contribute to recruiting heterogeneous medical devices and creating smart cooperation between them. This cooperation leads to an increase in the efficiency of the entire medical system, thus accelerating the diagnosis and curing of patients, in general, and rescuing critical cases in particular. In this paper, a large-scale IoT-enabled healthcare architecture is proposed. To achieve a wide range of communication between healthcare devices, not only are Internet coverage tools utilized but also satellites and high-altitude platforms (HAPs). In addition, the clustering idea is applied in the proposed architecture to facilitate its management. Moreover, healthcare data are prioritized into several levels of importance. Finally, NS3 is used to measure the performance of the proposed IoT-enabled healthcare architecture. The performance metrics are delay, energy consumption, packet loss, coverage tool usage, throughput, percentage of served users, and percentage of each exchanged data type. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IoT-enabled healthcare architecture outperforms the traditional healthcare architecture.

scholarly journals Problems of Powering End Devices in Wireless Networks of the Internet of Things

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2417
Author(s):  
Andrzej Michalski ◽  
Zbigniew Watral
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This article presents the problems of powering wireless sensor networks operating in the structures of the Internet of Things (IoT). This issue was discussed on the example of a universal end node in IoT technology containing RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags. The basic methods of signal transmission in these types of networks are discussed and their impact on the basic requirements such as range, transmission speed, low energy consumption, and the maximum number of devices that can simultaneously operate in the network. The issue of low power consumption of devices used in IoT solutions is one of the main research objects. The analysis of possible communication protocols has shown that there is a possibility of effective optimization in this area. The wide range of power sources available on the market, used in nodes of wireless sensor networks, was compared. The alternative possibilities of powering the network nodes from Energy Harvesting (EH) generators are presented.

Maximizing piezoelectricity by self-assembled highly porous perovskite–polymer composite films to enable the internet of things

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 13619-13629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Abdullah Khan ◽  
Md Masud Rana ◽  
Guangguang Huang ◽  
Nanqin Mei ◽  
Resul Saritas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Highly Porous

A high-performance perovskite/polymer piezoelectric nanogenerator for next generation self-powered wireless micro/nanodevices.

RELATIONSHIP IN IOT AND BIG DATA ANALYTICS: THE OPPORTUNITIES AND OPEN CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Utilization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is an up-and-coming technology that has a wide variety of applications. It empowers physical objects to be organized in a specialized framework to grow its convenience in terms of ease and time utilization. It is to convert the thought of bridging the crevice between the physical world and the machine world. It is also being use in the wide range of the technology in this current situation. One of its applications is to monitor and store data over time from numerous devices allows for easy analysis of the dataset. This analysis can then be the basis of decisions made on the same. In this study, the concept, architecture, and relationship of IoT and Big Data are described. Next, several use cases in IoT and big data in the research methodology are studied. The opportunities and open challenges which including the future directions are described. Furthermore, by proposing a new architecture for big data analytics in the Internet of Things, this paper adds value. Overall, the various types of big IoT data analytics, their methods, and associated big data mining technologies are discussed.

Green Communication Infrastructure (GCI) Serving Different Smart City Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qutaiba I. Ali ◽  
Issam Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System Level ◽  
Green Communication ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Application Fields

Aims: The aim of the Green Communication Infrastructure ‎‎(GCI) project is to understand the idea of a self ‎‎"sustainably" controlled correspondence foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. ‎ Background: This paper shows the endeavors to understand the idea of a ‎self "sustainably" energized communication foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. The recommended ‎Green Communication Infrastructure (CGI) comprises ‎different kinds of remote settled (or even versatile) hubs ‎performing diverse activities as per the application ‎requests. An imperative class of these hubs is the Wireless ‎Solar Router (WSR). Objective: The work in this venture was begun in 2009 with the aim ‎of demonstrating the essential advances that must be taken to ‎accomplish such framework and to proclaim the value of ‎embracing natural vitality assets in building mission ‎basic frameworks. Alternate destinations of this venture ‎are introducing a sensibly cost, solid, verified, and simple ‎to introduce correspondence foundation.‎ Method: The arrangement to actualize the GCI was accomplished ‎subsequent to passing two structure levels: device level and ‎system level. Result: The suggested system is highly applicable and serves a wide ‎range of smart city application fields and hence many ‎people and organizations can utilize this system. ‎ Conclusion: The presence of a reliable, secured, low cost, easy to install ‎and self-powered communication infrastructure is ‎mandatory in our nowadays. The communities in ‎developing countries or in rural areas need such a system ‎highly in order to communicate with other people in the ‎world which will affect positively their social and ‎economic situation.

Electrodeposited Thin Conformal TiO2 Coating Enabling Stable Operation of BiVO4 Photoanodes in Basic Media

2018 ◽  
Vol MA2018-01 (31) ◽  
pp. 1917-1917
Author(s):  
Dongho Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Shin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cell ◽  
Semiconductor Surface ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Solutions

Producing hydrogen via solar water splitting using a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) persists as one of the most exciting research topics in the field of solar fuels. The construction of efficient PECs requires the integration of multiple components including a photoanode, a photocathode, an oxygen evolution catalyst, and a hydrogen evolution catalyst. Therefore, the compatibility and stability of all of these elements in a given operating condition are crucial. When the stability of a semiconductor electrode used as the photoanode or photocathode is limited in an acidic or basic condition which is optimum for the operation of the other components, a thin protective layer has been deposited on the semiconductor surface to prevent its chemical dissolution. Surface coating of a thin and conformal TiO2 layer has been proven to be successful for protecting photoelectrodes since TiO2 is chemically and electrochemically stable in a wide range of pH conditions under both anodic and cathodic conditions. In order to prevent the semiconductor surface from coming into direct contact with the corrosive electrolyte, complete coverage of the photoelectrode with TiO2 is required. At the same time, the TiO2 layer should be thin enough not to interfere with the charge transport properties of the photoelectrode. As a result, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been the only successful tool used to date to produce an effective protective layer. However, the slow processing time and economic viability of ALD methods motivated us to develop an inexpensive and facile solution-based synthesis method for the deposition of high quality TiO2 coating layers. In this presentation, we report a new electrochemical method to deposit a thin and conformal TiO2 layer on nanoporous BiVO4 that has an intricate, high surface area morphology. BiVO4 is a promising n-type photoanode material with a relatively low bandgap (2.4~2.5 eV). However, its usage has been limited to neutral and mildly basic conditions (pH 5~9) because it is chemically unstable in strongly acidic and basic conditions. Our method allows for the deposition of a 5~6 nm thick TiO2 layer on BiVO4 within 1 min and the resulting BiVO4/TiO2 electrodes exhibit chemical stability in basic solutions (pH 12~13). Sulfite oxidation measurements of BiVO4 and BiVO4/TiO2 electrodes show that the thin TiO2 protective layer does not significantly reduce the hole transfer to the electrolyte. Finally, we demonstrate the photoelectrochemical stability of the BiVO4/TiO2 electrode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation in basic solutions by coupling the BiVO4/TiO2 electrode with appropriate oxygen evolution catalysts.

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