scholarly journals Energy Efficient Policies for Data Transmission in Disruption Tolerant Heterogeneous IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2891 ◽  
Author(s):  
George  Stamatakis ◽  
Elias Z.  Tragos ◽  
Apostolos Traganitis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Disruption Tolerant Networks ◽  
Intermittent Connectivity

The Internet-of-things facilitates the development of many groundbreaking applications. A large number of these applications involve mobile end nodes and a sparsely deployed network of base stations that operate as gateways to the Internet. Most of the mobile nodes, at least within city areas, are connected through low power wide area networking technologies (LPWAN) using public frequencies. Mobility and sparse network coverage result in long delays and intermittent connectivity for the end nodes. Disruption Tolerant Networks and utilization of heterogeneous wireless interfaces have emerged as key technologies to tackle the problem at hand. The first technology renders communication resilient to intermittent connectivity by storing and carrying data while the later increases the communication opportunities of the end nodes and at the same time reduces energy consumption whenever short-range communication is possible. However, one has to consider that end nodes are typically both memory and energy constrained devices which makes finding an energy efficient data transmission policy for heterogeneous disruption tolerant networks imperative. In this work we utilize information related to the spatial availability of network resources and localization information to formulate the problem at hand as a dynamic programming problem. Next, we utilize the framework of Markov Decision Processes to derive approximately optimal and suboptimal data transmission policies. We also prove that we can achieve improved packet transmission policies and reduce energy consumption, extending battery lifetime. This is achieved by knowing the spatial availability of heterogeneous network resources combined with the mobile node’s location information. Numerical resultsshow significant gains achieved by utilizing the derived approximately optimal and suboptimal policies.

Energy Efficient Schemes for Base Station Management in 4G Broadband Systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bousia ◽  
Elli Kartsakli ◽  
Angelos Antonopoulos ◽  
Luis Alonso ◽  
Christos Verikoukis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Main Component

Reducing the energy consumption in wireless networks has become a significant challenge, not only because of its great impact on the global energy crisis, but also because it represents a noteworthy cost for telecommunication operators. The Base Stations (BSs), constituting the main component of wireless infrastructure and the major contributor to the energy consumption of mobile cellular networks, are usually designed and planned to serve their customers during peak times. Therefore, they are more than sufficient when the traffic load is low. In this chapter, the authors propose a number of BSs switching off algorithms as an energy efficient solution to the problem of redundancy of network resources. They demonstrate via analysis and by means of simulations that one can achieve reduction in energy consumption when one switches off the unnecessary BSs. In particular, the authors evaluate the energy that can be saved by progressively turning off BSs during the periods when traffic decreases depending on the traffic load variations and the distance between the BS and their associated User Equipments (UEs). In addition, the authors show how to optimize the energy savings of the network by calculating the most energy-efficient combination of switched off and active BSs.

scholarly journals EERP-DPM: Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Using Dual Prediction Model for Healthcare Using IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Faris A. Almalki ◽  
Soufiene Ben Othman ◽  
Fahad A. Almalki ◽  
Hedi Sakli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Redundant Data

Healthcare is one of the most promising domains for the application of Internet of Things- (IoT-) based technologies, where patients can use wearable or implanted medical sensors to measure medical parameters anywhere and anytime. The information collected by IoT devices can then be sent to the health care professionals, and physicians allow having a real-time access to patients’ data. However, besides limited batteries lifetime and computational power, there is spatio-temporal correlation, where unnecessary transmission of these redundant data has a significant impact on reducing energy consumption and reducing battery lifetime. Thus, this paper aims to propose a routing protocol to enhance energy-efficiency, which in turn prolongs the sensor lifetime. The proposed work is based on Energy Efficient Routing Protocol using Dual Prediction Model (EERP-DPM) for Healthcare using IoT, where Dual-Prediction Mechanism is used to reduce data transmission between sensor nodes and medical server if predictions match the readings or if the data are considered critical if it goes beyond the upper/lower limits of defined thresholds. The proposed system was developed and tested using MATLAB software and a hardware platform called “MySignals HW V2.” Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed EERP-DPM protocol has been observed to be extremely successful compared to other existing routing protocols not only in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime but also in terms of guaranteeing reliability, throughput, and end-to-end delay.

scholarly journals Energy-efficient hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks based on Fog Computing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Abidoye ◽  
Boniface Kabaso
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hierarchical Routing

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been recognized as one of the most essential technologies of the 21st century. The applications of WSNs are rapidly increasing in almost every sector because they can be deployed in areas where cable and power supply are difficult to use. In the literature, different methods have been proposed to minimize energy consumption of sensor nodes so as to prolong WSNs utilization. In this article, we propose an efficient routing protocol for data transmission in WSNs; it is called Energy-Efficient Hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks based on Fog Computing (EEHFC). Fog computing is integrated into the proposed scheme due to its capability to optimize the limited power source of WSNs and its ability to scale up to the requirements of the Internet of Things applications. In addition, we propose an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm that can be used to construct optimal path for efficient data transmission for sensor nodes. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in comparison with P-SEP, EDCF, and RABACO schemes. The results of the simulations show that the proposed approach can minimize sensor nodes’ energy consumption, data packet losses and extends the network lifetime

An Advanced Wireless Sensor Networks Design for Energy-Efficient Applications Using Condition-Based Access Protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
Vijendra Babu D. ◽  
K. Nagi Reddy ◽  
K. Butchi Raju ◽  
A. Ratna Raju
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Throughput ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sleep Mode ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Access Protocol ◽  
Battery Lifetime

A modern wireless sensor and its development majorly depend on distributed condition maintenance protocol. The medium access and its computing have been handled by multi hope sensor mechanism. In this investigation, WSN networks maintenance is balanced through condition-based access (CBA) protocol. The CBA is most useful for real-time 4G and 5G communication to handle internet assistance devices. The following CBA mechanism is energy efficient to increase the battery lifetime. Due to sleep mode and backup mode mechanism, this protocol maintains its energy efficiency as well as network throughput. Finally, 76% of the energy consumption and 42.8% of the speed of operation have been attained using CBI WSN protocol.

scholarly journals IESDAD :improved energy efficient structure- free data aggregation and delivery protocol in WSN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.27) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Avneet Kaur ◽  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Gateway Node ◽  
Free Data

The wireless sensor is deployed to sense large amount of data from the far places. With the large deployment of the sensor networks, it faces major issues like energy consumption, dynamic routing and security. The Energy efficient structure-free data aggregation and delivery (ESDAD) is the protocol which is hierarchal in nature. The ESDAD protocol can be further improved to increase lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The base station localizes the position of each sensor node and defines level of each node for the data transmission. In the ESDAD protocol, the next hop node is selected based on cost function for the data transmission. In this research work, improved in ESDAD protocol is proposed in which gateway nodes are deployed after each level for the data transmission. The sensor node will sense the information and transmit it to gateway node. The gateway node aggregates data to the base station and simulation results show that improved ESDAD protocol performs well in terms of energy consumption and number of throughput. 

A Location Based Energy Proficient Path Routing for Internet of Things and Its Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Arulanantham D ◽  
Pradeepkumar G ◽  
Palanisamy C ◽  
Dineshkumar Ponnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an establishment with sensors, base station, gateway, and network servers. IoT is an efficient and intellectual system that minimizes human exertion as well as right to use to real devices. This method also has an autonomous control property by which any device can control without any human collaboration. IoT-based automation has become very reasonable and it has been applied in several sectors such as manufacturing, transport, health care, consumer electronics, etc. In WSN’s smaller energy consumption sensors are expected to run independently for long phases. So much ongoing researches on implementing routing protocols for IoTbased WSNs.Energy consciousness is an essential part of IoT based WSN design issue. Minimalizing Energy consumption is well-thought-out as one of the key principles in the Expansion of routing protocols for the Internet of things. In this paper, we propose a Location based Energy efficient path routing for Internet of things and its applications its sensor position and clustering based finding the shortest path and real time implementation of Arduino based wireless sensor network architecture with the ESP8266 module. Finally, analyze the principles of Location-based energy-efficient routing and performance of QoS parameters, and then implemented automatic gas leakage detection and managing system.

scholarly journals An NB-IoT-Based Edge-of-Things Framework for Energy-Efficient Image Transfer

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Sikandar Zulqarnain Khan ◽  
Yannick Le Moullec ◽  
Muhammad Mahtab Alam
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Transmission Time ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Image Transfer ◽  
Visual Data ◽  
Smart Gateway

Machine Learning (ML) techniques can play a pivotal role in energy efficient IoT networks by reducing the unnecessary data from transmission. With such an aim, this work combines a low-power, yet computationally capable processing unit, with an NB-IoT radio into a smart gateway that can run ML algorithms to smart transmit visual data over the NB-IoT network. The proposed smart gateway utilizes supervised and unsupervised ML algorithms to optimize the visual data in terms of their size and quality before being transmitted over the air. This relaxes the channel occupancy from an individual NB-IoT radio, reduces its energy consumption and also minimizes the transmission time of data. Our on-field results indicate up to 93% reductions in the number of NB-IoT radio transmissions, up to 90.5% reductions in the NB-IoT radio energy consumption and up to 90% reductions in the data transmission time.

scholarly journals Feasibility of CoMP usage in base station switching off during off-peak periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Jan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Coordinated Multipoint ◽  
Switching Mode ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Existing cellular networks remain operational throughout the year irrespective of traffic. The usage of Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) transmission to provide service in the coverage area of a switched off base station (BS) during off-peak traffic hours has been investigated in this work. The switching off of a BS reduces its energy consumption to zero, however to cover the switched off BS coverage area by neighbouring BS’s, CoMP transmission causes an increase in energy consumption of the neighbouring BS’s. With increasing the number of base stations taking part in CoMP transmission the power consumption of CoMP base stations and site air conditioning unit increases. Results show that the aggressive usage of CoMP is not feasible in most of the twelve switching modes investigated. From the Energy Efficiency Ratio the most energy efficient switching mode is identified. It is then applied to part of a cellular network and the amount of power saving and Carbon Dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is determined. It is found that within a network of 42 cells 7.26% power can be saved by switching off seven base stations during off-peak traffic hours.

scholarly journals Energy Optimization in a Multihop Sensor Network for a WBAN Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Vishakha Tyagi ◽  
◽  
Sindhu Hak Gupta ◽  
Monica Kaushik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Packet Size ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Posture Change ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Efficient Data

Movement and posture change of human body plays a crucial role in energy consumption while data transmission between strategically deployed nodes in wireless body area networks (WBANs). The majority of energy is used in transmission rather than processing of the data. Nodes within body are there for long time and need to be energy efficient so that the network lifetime is increased. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient data transmission for multi-hop network that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) for optimizing the parameters on which energy consumption relies. An energy efficient data transmission and reception takes place by altering the parameters like node to node distance and packet size of data. The obtained results show a significant reduction of energy consumed by reducing the packet size and keeping the node-to-sink distance a constant value. The total energy consumed per hop per bit length of data packet Emh/L shows 75% optimization. The energy consumed in data transmission per bit length of data E tx /L and the energy consumed for data received per bit length of data packet E rx /L is optimized by approximately 70% and 50% respectively for hope count 2 to 5.

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