scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Perception System and Simulators for Autonomous Vehicles Research

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Rosique ◽  
Pedro J. Navarro ◽  
Carlos Fernández ◽  
Antonio Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Perception System ◽  
The World ◽  
Game Engines ◽  
Environment Perception ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a systematic review of the perception systems and simulators for autonomous vehicles (AV). This work has been divided into three parts. In the first part, perception systems are categorized as environment perception systems and positioning estimation systems. The paper presents the physical fundamentals, principle functioning, and electromagnetic spectrum used to operate the most common sensors used in perception systems (ultrasonic, RADAR, LiDAR, cameras, IMU, GNSS, RTK, etc.). Furthermore, their strengths and weaknesses are shown, and the quantification of their features using spider charts will allow proper selection of different sensors depending on 11 features. In the second part, the main elements to be taken into account in the simulation of a perception system of an AV are presented. For this purpose, the paper describes simulators for model-based development, the main game engines that can be used for simulation, simulators from the robotics field, and lastly simulators used specifically for AV. Finally, the current state of regulations that are being applied in different countries around the world on issues concerning the implementation of autonomous vehicles is presented.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Informal Urban Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11414
Author(s):  
Mpendulo Harold Thulare ◽  
Inocent Moyo ◽  
Sifiso Xulu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Urban Informality ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Integrate Research

Amid globalization and market liberalization, urban informality has continued to grow in leaps and bounds in many parts of the world. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies conducted on urban economic informality at various geopolitical contexts to provide an update on the current state of knowledge in the urban informal economy-related research. A total number of 290 studies were sourced from various academic sources; however, a total number of 166 research papers satisfied the requirements of this review paper. The findings of this paper show that research on the urban informal economy has grown from 2000 to 2021, which is a 22-year period in which this review paper was based. The main themes of urban economic informality research depict it as a multifaceted system that is constituted by inputs, processes and outputs that have linkages with the formal economy. Based on these findings, it is recommended that more research should focus on how to integrate research on urban economic informality into the broader agenda of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodological approaches to periodization of technical and technological development

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the problem of technical and technological development, which in the modern globalized world is subject to the laws of cyclicity. The realities of today are evidence that in every country of the world coexist and interact elements of different levels of technological structures, which requires a balanced policy to manage their development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the periodization of technical and technological development of the world economy and the formation of generalized criteria for structuring periods of its cyclical dynamics. In the course of the research the tasks were solved, which consisted in the selection of those theoretical and methodological approaches that most fully cover the causal links between changes in technology and technology, on the one hand, and development – on the other; identifying in each approach the criteria of periodization and determining the possibilities of these approaches to describe the current situation. The methodological basis was such general scientific research methods as dialectics, analysis and synthesis, the unity of historical and logical, as well as methods of generalizations, comparisons and classifications. The result of their application was to clarify the essence and establish the specifics of the conceptual approaches of M. Kondratiev, С. Perez and S. Glazyev, which today are considered to be leading in explaining technical and technological development. Based on the comparison of these theoretical and methodological approaches, a generalized idea of the criteria for periodization of the latter is formed. The general conclusion of the study is the formation of scientific ideas about the stages through which society passes in its technical and technological development. This allows you to properly assess the current state of a particular economic system and choose more effective instruments of economic policy to guide its development through progress.

scholarly journals Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Christiane Bougouma ◽  
Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Malaria Susceptibility ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

An estimated 300,000 babies are born each year with severe Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin (IDH). Despite major advances in the understanding of the molecular pathology, control, and management of the IDH thousands of infants and children with these diseases are dying due to the accessibility to appropriate medical care. In addition, as malaria has been the principal cause of early mortality in several parts of the world for much of the last 5000 years, as a result, it is the strongest force for selective pressure on the human genome. That is why, in the world, there is an overlap of malaria endemicity and IDH. Over the past twenty years several studies have shown that IDH such us hemoglobin and/or red cell membrane abnormalities confer resistance to malaria reducing hence the mortality during the first years of life. This has led to the selection of populations with IDH in malaria-endemic areas. This may explain the overlap between these two pathologies. This chapter aims to present the relationship between IDH and malaria susceptibility, make an overview of the current state of knowledge and the burden of IDH, and highlight steps that require to be taken urgently to improve the situation.

scholarly journals Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Neeti Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
International Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

ABSTRACT The practice of the pediatric dental sedation has evolved continuously during the past few decades. Newer agents continuously seem to replace older agents and the pediatric dentists need to update themselves timely to efficiently administer sedation to their young and anxious patients. The practice and the research of pediatric dental sedation is very diverse throughout the world. In this paper, we attempt to review the diversity of pediatric dental sedation research through a systematic review. Further, we review the pharmacopoeia of pediatric dental sedation with brief description of commonly used agents. We also touch upon evolution of pediatric dental sedation guidelines in different countries and international variation in pediatric dental sedation practice. Lastly, we review the future perspective of research pertaining to field of pediatric dental sedation research. How to cite this article Mittal N, Gauba K, Goyal A, Kapur A. Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):139-147.

scholarly journals The Adoption of Green Vehicles in Last Mile Logistics: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sergio Maria Patella ◽  
Gianluca Grazieschi ◽  
Valerio Gatta ◽  
Edoardo Marcucci ◽  
Stefano Carrese
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Green Vehicles ◽  
Selection Of

Widespread adoption of green vehicles in urban logistics may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as environmental pollution, global warming, and oil dependency. However, the current adoption of green vehicles in the last mile logistics is relatively low despite many actions taken by public authorities to overcome the negative externalities of distributing goods in cities. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on studies investigating the adoption of green vehicles in urban freight transportation, paying specific attention to e-commerce. To shed light on the adoption of green vehicles in city logistics, the paper conducts a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. The 159 articles reviewed were classified into the following: (a) Optimization and scheduling (67 papers); (b) policy (55 papers); (c) sustainability (37 papers). Among the 159 articles, a further selection of 17 papers dealing with e-commerce, i.e., studies that highlight the most relevant aspects related to the integration of green vehicles in e-commerce urban logistics, was performed. Our findings indicate that green vehicles are competitive in urban deliveries characterized by frequent stop-and-go movements and low consolidation levels while incentives are still necessary for their adoption. The use of autonomous vehicles results the most promising and challenging solution for last-mile logistics.

scholarly journals Atopic dermatitis. When and how to use topical corticosteroiods?

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
E S Fedenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

Atopic dermatitis is a disease characterized with increasing prevalence around the world. It has chronic relapsing course and has a negative impact on the quality of life. Topical steroids (TS) due to their mechanisms of action remain the mainstay of topical treatment for AD patients. At the same time, well known side effects associated with corticosteroid therapy, although seen more frequently with incorrect TS use, and rare with the use of modern TS, in some instances limit their use. That is a reason for proper selection of topical treatment algorythms of AD including emollients and other medications in addition to the TS.

scholarly journals BLOCKCHAIN FOR VEHICLES BASED ON EXONUM PLATFORM THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Nurbol Zhumadil ◽  
◽  
Saltanat Narbayeva ◽  
Timur Bakibayev ◽  
Kuanysh Abeshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Vehicle Monitoring ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

We propose a new vehicle monitoring system based on Exonum blockchain platform. This system may help autonomous vehicles to make decisions. This system can also help in investigating crimes and traffic offense. The article describes the main trends in the field of intellectualization of transport systems and mobility. The blockchain technology and its capabilities in enhancing cybersecurity are described through the creation of a safe and reliable system for sending the parameters of the current state of each vehicle through its neighbours. The proposed system will serve as an important step towards the development of a motion control system for connected and autonomous vehicles.

scholarly journals Improving the Technology of Forming the Creative Competence of the Future Teacher

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2443-2450
Keyword(s):  
Future Teacher ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
World Community ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Education Today ◽  
General Pedagogy ◽  
Selection Of

Today, at the demand of time, it is necessary not only to obtain a volume of knowledge in all subjects but also to be ready for change, for creativity. To form creativity and a creative approach precisely - this should become one of the main tasks of modern education today. And it is a creative approach to business, non-standard thinking, independent judgments that help future specialists to navigate in an unstable society. The presence of creativity and creative abilities determines the effectiveness of the work, affects the professionalism of the work, is essential in the selection of young personnel. That is why today in Uzbekistan the question arises about the formation of future teachers, and specialists in various fields, the “new formation” in the process of studying at a university, the process of active integration into the world community is underway thanks to scientifically developed reforms closely related to education. This article was written with the aim of improving the technology for creating the creative competence of a future teacher. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the research objectives are defined: to analyze and generalize the historical and pedagogical domestic and foreign experience and the current state of the problem of improving the technology of creative competence of the future teacher; to improve the typology of teachers according to the level of creative approach to the creative development of the student; to develop a system of innovative modules for improving the technology of formation of students' creative competence; substantiate the need for qualitative formal and substantial changes in the course of general pedagogy at a pedagogical university, taking into account the creative nature of the teacher’s activities and experimentally confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system, introduce it into the practice of preparing a future teacher. A technology has been developed for the formation of the creative competence of a future teacher, including methods, forms and means identified, recommendations and conclusions.

The Biotechnology Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart O. Schweitzer ◽  
Z. John Lu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Biotechnology Firms ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Regulatory Economic

Beginning with the definition of biotechnology, this chapter provides a systematic review of the industry’s growth and transformation over almost half a century, both in the United States and around the world. The scientific, technological, regulatory, economic, and financial developments contributing to its current state are discussed in detail. It contrasts the characteristics of the young biotechnology industry with those of the traditional pharmaceutical industry in earlier years. It also highlights the inevitable trends by which economic and market forces, such as mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships, have resulted in the two sectors being no longer distinct and separate but rather part of the modern biopharmaceutical industry. Several case studies on the success and failure of early pioneer biotechnology firms, including Amgen, Genentech, and Cetus, are provided at the end of the chapter.

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