scholarly journals Two-Hop Energy Consumption Balanced Routing Algorithm for Solar Insecticidal Lamp Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Xuanchen Guo ◽  
Lei Shu ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Edmond Nurellari ◽  
Kailiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Voltage Pulse ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
Consumption Energy

Due to the sparsity deployment of nodes, the full connection requirement, and the unpredictable electromagnetic interference on communication caused by high voltage pulse current of Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things (SIL-IoTs), a Two-Hop Energy Consumption Balanced routing algorithm (THECB) is proposed in this research work. THECB selects next-hop nodes according to 1-hop and 2-hop neighbors’ information. In addition, the greedy forwarding mechanism is expressed in the form of probability; that is, each neighbor node is given a weight between 0 and 1 according to the distance. THECB reduces the data forwarding traffic of nodes whose discharge numbers are relatively higher than those of other nodes so that the unpredictable electromagnetic interference on communication can be weakened. We compare the energy consumption, energy consumption balance, and data forwarding traffic over various discharge numbers, network densities, and transmission radius. The results indicate that THECB achieves better performance than Two-Phase Geographic Greedy Forwarding plus (TPGFPlus), which ignores the requirement of the node-disjoint path.

scholarly journals Lecr: Less Energy Consumption Routing in Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Information Collecting

Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes a network of various devices has an equipment with the mandatory facility of communication and optional facilities of sensing, information collecting, storage and processing. IoT network has been used for research and development purpose in many application areas such as military environment, traffic management, and e-healthcare system. IoT network was enormous in scale and complexity, mainly in terms of energy efficiency because battery lifetime is limited. The previous routing protocols for IoT are difficult and require a huge memory use and high energy consumption which are insufficient for IoT network processing. For that reason, an efficient routing algorithm needed to decrease energy consumption while communication. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes Less Energy Consumption Routing (LECR) algorithm. This algorithm reduces energy consumption using 4 ways in IoT, (1) Sleep and Wake up Scheduling, (2) Route Discovery in IoT Base Station (3) Less Power Consumption Route for Communication (4) Reduce Overhead while Routing. The experimental result proves the LECR algorithm reduces IoT devices battery drain and increases lifetime of the IoT network efficiently

scholarly journals Comprehensive Optimization of Energy Consumption and Delay Performance for Green Communication in Internet of Things

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaze Wang ◽  
Chunhua Hu ◽  
Anfeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Green Communications ◽  
Green Communication ◽  
Long Lifetime

Energy efficiency as well as fast data transmission is vital to green communications-based applications for Internet of Things (IoT). Wireless sensors, which constitute one of the important parts of IoT, adopt duty cycle operating mode to save energy. Although duty cycle operating mode will decrease the energy consumption of sensor nodes, it leads to a larger communication delay. In this paper, a utility-based adaptive duty cycle (UADC) routing algorithm is proposed to increase energy efficiency, reduce transmission delay, and keep long lifetime at the same time. First, UADC routing algorithm adopts a comprehensive performance evaluation function to evaluate the utility of choosing different relay nodes. Then it selects the node which maximizes the utility of the system to perform data relay. The utility function synthesizes comprehensive indexes like the reliability, energy consumption, and delay of the node. UADC routing algorithm adopts a high-duty cycle operating mode in the areas which have more remaining energy to decrease the delay. And a low-duty cycle operating mode in the energy-strained areas is adopted to ensure a long lifetime. The simulation results also prove the significant performances of our proposed algorithms.

scholarly journals Multimedia Independent Multipath Routing Algorithms for Internet of Things Based on a Node Hidden Communication Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Cong Wu ◽  
Jianhui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Source Node ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Node Routing ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In order to achieve a multi-path routing algorithm with time delay and energy consumption balance to alleviate the energy holes around a sink, a multimedia independent multipath routing algorithm for internet of things (IoT) based on node hidden communication model is proposed in this paper. On the premise of satisfying the application delay, a multi-source multi-path routing algorithm is proposed by using the idea of software definition and fitting multiple curves to form independent multi-path routing. Through a sink node centralized programming control source node routing, according to the priority of the source node, the dynamic angle of the source node can be allocated, which effectively reduces the energy consumption of the network. In addition, considering that the Internet of Things has more perceptive nodes, limited computing and storage capacity, frequent joining and exiting operations and other factors, a hidden communication model of nodes is designed for the IoT. It is helpful to improve the level of privacy protection in the IoT, and to effectively improve the ability of nodes to resist attacks in the IoT. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm avoids the interference between paths and various network attacks to the greatest extent, and the energy consumption is relatively low under the requirement of quality of service (QoS) delay.

A Cluster Leader Selection Algorithm to Enhance the Lifetime of Scalable Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150056
Author(s):  
Anagha Rajput ◽  
Vinoth Babu Kumaravelu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Leader Selection ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Wireless sensor networks have fascinating applications that help mankind to get connected with the physical world. Since the last decade, wireless sensor networks are been researched as physical infrastructure of Internet of things technology. For such accomplishment, wireless sensor networks need to be scalable and self-organizing. As sensor nodes are battery driven, limited lifetime is the prime constraint. Clustering methods are popularly used to prolong the network lifetime, but cluster leader selection algorithms majorly affect total energy consumption of the network. This is because cluster leaders utilize more energy than other nodes. For scalable networks, selecting appropriate cluster leaders is a great challenge. In this research work, a distributed cluster leader selection algorithm is proposed to prolong the network lifetime. Real-time network parameters are used instead of random variables or constants in the formulation of cluster leader selection criteria. Due to this, minimal but sufficient number of cluster leaders are selected. This reduces number of transmissions toward the sink and significantly minimizes overall energy consumption. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm enhances network lifetime efficaciously for varying node density and coverage area. Thus, the proposed algorithm can be suitably used for Internet of things applications.

scholarly journals Data Forwarding in Wireless Body Area Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Dr. Joy Iong Zong Chen ◽  
Lu-Tsou Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Body Area Networks ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Healthcare Applications

One of the most crucial application of Wireless Body Area Networks in healthcare applications is the process of monitoring human bodies and gather physiological data. Network performance degradation in the form of energy efficiency and latency are caused because of energy depletions which arises due to limited energy resource availability. The heterogeneity of body sensors will lead to variation in the rate of energy consumption. Based on this, a novel Data Forwarding Strategy is presented in this research work to enhance collaborative WBAN operations, improve network lifetime and restrict energy consumption of the sensors. In this paper, we have contributed towards reducing the size of data to be transmitted by compressed sensing and selection of relay sensor based on sampling frequency, energy levels and sensor importance. Using the proposed methodology, it is possible to improve both reliability and energy-efficiency of WBAN data transmission. moreover, it is also possible to adapt to the changing WBAN topologies when the proposed methodology is used, balancing energy efficiency and consumption.

scholarly journals Review of Energy Efficient Techniques of IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Awasthi ◽  
Navneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The network across which the information is sensed by the sensor devices and then forwarded to the sink is known as Internet of Things (IoT). Even though this system is deployed in several applications, there are certain issues faced in it due to its dynamic nature. The internet of things is derived from the wireless sensor networks. The sensor nodes which are deployed to sense environmental conditions are very small in size and also deployed on the far places due to which energy consumption is the major issue of internet of things. This research work related to reduce energy consumption of the network so that lifetime can be improved. In the existing system the approach of multilevel clustering is used for the data aggregation to base station. In the approach of multilevel clustering, the whole network is divided into clusters and cluster heads are selected in each cluster. The energy efficient techniques of internet of things are reviewed and analyzed in terms of certain parameters.

scholarly journals Energy Optimization for WSN in Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Huanhao Li ◽  
Wenhui Yao ◽  
Yawei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Single Node

This paper attempts to solve the problems of uneven energy consumption and premature death of nodes in the traditional routing algorithm of rechargeable wireless sensor network in the ubiquitous power Internet of things. Under the application environment of the UPIoT, a multipath routing algorithm and an opportunistic routing algorithm were put forward to optimize the network energy and ensure the success of information transmission. Inspired by the electromagnetic propagation theory, the author constructed a charging model for a single node in the wireless sensor network (WSN). On this basis, the network energy optimization problem was transformed into the network lifecycle problem, considering the energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes. Meanwhile, the traffic of each link was computed through linear programming to guide the distribution of data traffic in the network. Finally, an energy optimization algorithm was proposed based on opportunistic routing, in a more realistic low power mode. The experimental results show that the two proposed algorithms achieved better energy efficiency, network lifecycle and network reliability than the shortest path routing (SPR) and the expected duty-cycled wakeups minimal routing (EDC). The research findings provide a reference for the data transmission of UPIoT nodes.

scholarly journals QoS Enabled Layered Based Clustering for Reactive Flooding in the Internet of Things

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawad Ali Khan ◽  
Rafidah Md Noor ◽  
Miss Laiha Mat Kiah ◽  
Noorzaily Mohd Noor ◽  
Saleh M. Altowaijri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Flooding

The Internet of Things has gained substantial attention over the last few years, because of connecting daily things in a wide range of application and domains. A large number of sensors require bandwidth and network resources to give-and-take queries among a heterogeneous IoT network. Network flooding is a key questioning strategy for successful exchange of queries. However, the risk of the original flooding is prone to unwanted and redundant network queries which may lead to heavy network traffic. Redundant, unwanted, and flooded queries are major causes of inefficient utilization of resources. IoT devices consume more energy and high computational time. More queries leads to consumption of more bandwidth, cost, and miserable QoS. Current existing approaches focused primarily on how to speed up the basic routing for IoT devices. However, solutions for flooding are not being addressed. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based flooding (CBF) as an interoperable solution for network and sensor layer devices which is also capable minimizing the energy consumption, cost, network flooding, identifying, and eliminating of redundant flooding queries using query control mechanisms. The proposed CBF divides the network into different clusters, local queries for information are proactively maintained by the intralayer cluster (IALC), while the interlayer cluster (IELC) is responsible for reactively obtain the routing queries to the destinations outside the cluster. CBF is a hybrid approach, having the potential to be more efficient against traditional schemes in term of query traffic generation. However, in the absence of appropriate redundant query detection and termination techniques, the CBF may generate more control traffic compared to the standard flooding techniques. In this research work, we used Cooja simulator to evaluate the performance of the proposed CBF. According to the simulation results the proposed technique has superiority in term of traffic delay, QoS/throughput, and energy consumption, under various performance metrics compared with traditional flooding and state of the art.

scholarly journals A grid-based reliable multi-hop routing protocol for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 155014771876596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhansheng Chen ◽  
Hong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Grid Based

Due to the limited energy and the non-equivalence of wireless sensor network nodes, it is imperative to reduce and rationally use the energy consumption of the nodes to prolong the network lifetime. Clustering routing algorithm can address the problem efficiently. In this article, a grid-based reliable multi-hop routing approach for wireless sensor networks is proposed. In order to minimize and balance the energy consumption, our proposed protocol, grid-based reliable multi-hop routing protocol, optimizes the cluster head election process by combining individual ability which consists of node’s residual energy and node’s location, and local cognition which can balance energy consumption among clusters via a consultative mechanism based on cluster head’s lifetime expectancy, while considering data forwarding delay and reliable transmission of data. Simulation results show that grid-based reliable multi-hop routing protocol has improved stability period as compared to other protocols. Meanwhile, grid-based reliable multi-hop routing protocol has better performance in energy efficiency, data forwarding delay, and reliable transmission of data.

Implementing Internet of Things in a Remote Patient Medical Monitoring System

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoma V. Ngonadi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Personal Digital Assistant ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Remote Patient

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Remote patient monitoring enables the monitoring of patients’ vital signs outside the conventional clinical settings which may increase access to care and decrease healthcare delivery costs. This paper focuses on implementing internet of things in a remote patient medical monitoring system. This was achieved by writing two computer applications in java in which one simulates a mobile phone called the Intelligent Personal Digital Assistant (IPDA) which uses a data structure that includes age, smoking habits and alcohol intake to simulate readings for blood pressure, pulse rate and mean arterial pressure continuously every twenty five which it sends to the server. The second java application protects the patients’ medical records as they travel through the networks by employing a symmetric key encryption algorithm which encrypts the patients’ medical records as they are generated and can only be decrypted in the server only by authorized personnel. The result of this research work is the implementation of internet of things in a remote patient medical monitoring system where patients’ vital signs are generated and transferred to the server continuously without human intervention.

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