scholarly journals Analysis of Three-Dimensional Space Expansion Characteristics in Old Industrial Area Renewal Using GIS and Barista: A Case Study of Tiexi District, Shenyang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Xu ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Zaiping Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Landscape Index ◽  
The North ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Wide Range

With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, 3D characteristics have been the main feature of urban morphology. Nevertheless, the vast majority of urban growth research has only focused on area expansion horizontally, with few studies conducted in a 3D perspective. In this paper, the characteristics of 3D expansion that occurred in Tiexi from 1997 to 2011 were evaluated based on geographic information system (GIS) tools, remote-sensing images, and Barista software. Landscape index, the spatiotemporal distribution of changes in buildings’ renewal modes and variations in city skylines as well as the relationship between number and size of high-rise buildings are the specific phenomena and data utilized to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The results showed that the average height of Tiexi increased by 0.69 m annually, the average urban capacity increased by 490.15 m3 annually, and space congestion degree increased by 0.11% annually. The average annual increase of the building evenness index was 36.43. The renewal area occupied up to 75.38% of the total area. The change of the skyline was more consistent with the east–west direction. The change in the south direction was significant, while in the north direction it was relatively slow. The overall shape of the city was that of a weak pyramid, with the angle of the top of the pyramid gradually becoming larger. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes.

scholarly journals Protein dynamics revealed by NMR relaxation methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa-An Chao ◽  
R. Andrew Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Protein Dynamics ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Relaxation Methods ◽  
Genomic Databases ◽  
Wide Range

Structural biology often focuses primarily on three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules, deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). This resource is a remarkable entity for the worldwide scientific and medical communities, as well as the general public, as it is a growing translation into three-dimensional space of the vast information in genomic databases, e.g. GENBANK. There is, however, significantly more to understanding biological function than the three-dimensional co-ordinate space for ground-state structures of biomolecules. The vast array of biomolecules experiences natural dynamics, interconversion between multiple conformational states, and molecular recognition and allosteric events that play out on timescales ranging from picoseconds to seconds. This wide range of timescales demands ingenious and sophisticated experimental tools to sample and interpret these motions, thus enabling clearer insights into functional annotation of the PDB. NMR spectroscopy is unique in its ability to sample this range of timescales at atomic resolution and in physiologically relevant conditions using spin relaxation methods. The field is constantly expanding to provide new creative experiments, to yield more detailed coverage of timescales, and to broaden the power of interpretation and analysis methods. This review highlights the current state of the methodology and examines the extension of analysis tools for more complex experiments and dynamic models. The future for understanding protein dynamics is bright, and these extended tools bring greater compatibility with developments in computational molecular dynamics, all of which will further our understanding of biological molecular functions. These facets place NMR as a key component in integrated structural biology.

scholarly journals Integrating Urban Building Space and Transportation Space to Solve Traffic Congestion

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Urban Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
Space Separation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<p>Today, with urban function system increasingly complicated, there exist problems which are seriously hindering urban sustainable development in most cities such as traffic jams, constructive destruction, building space separation with traffic space, poor urban space resource utilization and so on. So the article makes a number of integration methods of urban building space and transportation space from the perspective of urban morphology integration. It tries to integrate urban environment with techniques of multidimensional space interludes, cascading, infiltration between building space and traffic space in three-dimensional space coordinates, to achieve the objectives   of proper division, solving traffic congestion problems and the establishment of a new dynamic three-dimensional transport system.</p>

scholarly journals Integrating Urban Building Space and Transportation Space to Solve Traffic Congestion

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Urban Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
Space Separation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<p>Today, with urban function system increasingly complicated, there exist problems which are seriously hindering urban sustainable development in most cities such as traffic jams, constructive destruction, building space separation with traffic space, poor urban space resource utilization and so on. So the article makes a number of integration methods of urban building space and transportation space from the perspective of urban morphology integration. It tries to integrate urban environment with techniques of multidimensional space interludes, cascading, infiltration between building space and traffic space in three-dimensional space coordinates, to achieve the objectives   of proper division, solving traffic congestion problems and the establishment of a new dynamic three-dimensional transport system.</p>

Folding and imbrication of the Indian crust during Himalayan collision

1988 ◽  
Vol 326 (1589) ◽  
pp. 89-116 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
The North ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Minimum Displacement

India collided with a northern Kohistan-Asian Plate at about 50 Ma ago, the time of ocean closure being fairly accurately defined from syntectonic sediments as well as the effect on magnetic stripes on the Indian Ocean floor. Since collision, Asia has over-ridden India, developing a wide range of thrust scrapings at the top of the Indian Plate. Sections through the imbricated sedimentary cover suggest a minimum displacement of over 500 km during Eocene to recent plate convergence. This requires the Kohistan region to the north to be underlain by underthrusted middle to lower Indian crust, deformed by ductile shears and recumbent folds. These structures are well seen in the gneisses immediately south of the suture, where they are uplifted in the Indus and Nanga Parbat syntaxes. Here there are several phases of thrust-related small-scale folding and the development of a large folded thrust stack involving basement rocks, the imbrication of metamorphic zones and the local development of large backfolds. Some of the important local structures: the large late backfolds, the Salt Ranges and the Peshawar Basin, can all be related to the necessary changes in thrust wedge shape as it climbs through the crust and the three dimensional nature of the thrust movements associated with interference between the Kohistan and western Himalayan trends.

Large-scale dynamics in turbulent mixing and the three-dimensional space–time behaviour of outer fluid interfaces

2002 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 381-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARIS J. CATRAKIS ◽  
ROBERTO C. AGUIRRE ◽  
JESUS RUIZ-PLANCARTE ◽  
ROBERT D. THAYNE ◽  
BRENDA A. McDONALD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Fluid Interfaces ◽  
Ambient Fluid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Experiments have been conducted to investigate turbulent mixing and the dynamics of outer fluid interfaces, i.e. the interfaces between mixed fluid and pure ambient fluid. A novel six-foot-diameter octagonal-tank flow facility was developed to enable the optical imaging of fluid interfaces above the mixing transition, corresponding to fully developed turbulence. Approximately 10003 whole-field three-dimensional space– time measurements of the concentration field were recorded using laser-induced- fluorescence digital-imaging techniques in turbulent jets at a Reynolds number of Re ∼ 20 000, Schmidt number of Sc ∼ 2000, and downstream distance of ∼ 500 nozzle diameters. Multiple large-scale regions of spatially nearly uniform-concentration fluid are evident in instantaneous visualizations, in agreement with previous findings above the mixing transition. The ensemble-averaged probability density function of concentration is found to exhibit linear dependence over a wide range of concentration thresholds. This can be accounted for in terms of the dynamics of large-scale well- mixed regions. Visualization of the three-dimensional space–time concentration field indicates that molecular mixing of entrained pure ambient fluid is dynamically initiated and accomplished in the vicinity of the unsteady large scales. Examination of the outer interfaces shows that they are dynamically confined primarily near the instantaneous large-scale boundaries of the flow. This behaviour is quantified in terms of the probability density of the location of the outer interfaces relative to the flow centreline and the probability of pure ambient fluid as a function of distance from the centreline. The current measurements show that the dynamics of outer interfaces above the mixing transition is significantly different from the behaviour below the transition, where previous studies have shown that unmixed ambient fluid can extend across a wide range of transverse locations in the flow interior. The present observations of dynamical confinement of the outer interfaces to the unsteady large scales, and considerations of entrainment, suggest that the mechanism responsible for this behaviour must be the coupling of large-scale flow dynamics with the presence of small-scale structures internal to the large-scale structures, above the mixing transition. The dynamics and structure of the outer interfaces across the entire range of space–time scales are quantified in terms of a distribution of generalized level-crossing scales. The outer-interface behaviour determines the mixing efficiency of the flow, i.e. fraction of mixed fluid. The present findings indicate that the large-scale dynamics of the outer interfaces above the mixing transition provides the dominant contribution to the mixing efficiency. This suggests a new way to quantify the mixing efficiency of turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF HYDRO-PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION OF A TIMBER TRUCK ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION MODELLING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-232
Author(s):  
Valeriy Posmetev ◽  
Mikhail Drapalyuk ◽  
Vadim Nikonov ◽  
Viktor Posmetev ◽  
Aleksandr Avdyuhin
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Experiments ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Time Step

The relevance of increasing the efficiency of timber transportation by forest transport vehicles through development of a promising hydropneumatic suspension scheme has been substantiated. A diagram of the proposed modular design suspension and logging vehicle equipped with this type of suspension has been presented. The results of its simulation have been also showed. A mathematical model of the movement of a six-wheeled timber truck in three-dimensional space has been developed to evaluate the use of such hydropneumatic suspensions in a forest car. The design scheme for constructing a timber truck dynamic model has been presented. The sequence of numerical integration at each time step has been described. It includes seven stages, repeated many times during the computer experiment. A computer program has been developed. It enables to investigate the coordinated operation of hydropneumatic suspensions and the influence of their parameters on the smooth running of a timber truck. Computer experiments have been carried out to overcome bumps and obstacles with given parameters at different speeds. The time dependences of the volume of the pneumatic cavity of the hydropneumatic suspension, pressure and gas temperature in it have been obtained. The influence of the average height of irregularities, the number of obstacles per unit length, the speed of timber truck on the maximum vertical acceleration of timber truck, the maximum pressure and temperature difference in the pneumatic cavity of the suspension under study has been revealed

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the 30S ribosomal subunit from randomly oriented particles

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 758-759
Author(s):  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Frank ◽  
M. Radermacher ◽  
T. Wagenknecht ◽  
M. Boublik
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Significant Factors

The small (30S) subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes can assume any of a wide range of tilt positions on the specimen support. Correspondence analysis should make it possible to order views appearing in the electron micrograph according to the angle of tilt.231 individual windowed images from two micrographs showing negatively stained 30S subunits from E. coli ribosomes were subjected to multireference alignment. Correspondence analysis yielded six morphologically significant factors of variance. The second of these related to variations in stain concentrations, which are irrelevant at the level of gross morphology. The coordinates for each image in five-dimensional space (relating to factors 1,3,4,5, and 6) were subjected to a nonlinear mapping algorithm, which calculated an optimal two-dimensional map.The resulting distribution (Fig 1) consisted of two clusters, one of rightfacing, the other of left-facing views. Subaverages along the outer margin of the cluster on the left showed the particle in a range of typical views.

Design and Implementation of Trajectory Tracking for 3-Axis Servo Table Using UMAC Based on Optimal Preview Controller

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Saleh All Bail ◽  
Yue Gang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Trajectory Tracking Control ◽  
Wide Range

This paper deals with the use of Programmable Multi-Axis Controller (UMAC) based on preview control method to give good trajectory tracking performance of 3-axis servo table. The paper consists of mathematical modeling, simulation, and an experimental work. Adopt the position coordinate method of three-dimensional space trajectory tracking. In this paper, based on previous research, it gives a trajectory tracking control algorithm, constructs an experimental system used to implement trajectory tracking, establishes its mathematical model, then uses the control algorithm to carry out simulation analysis, and finally uses the simulation results to carry out experimental study. In this paper, the experimental system, which decomposes object trajectory to various axes for tacking, is effective. It takes the best motion controller as the core, and takes servo motor as driving mechanism to drive precision positioning platform. It possesses of powerful real time and linkage performance, and the powerful hardware and software function enable it to have a wide range of applications.

scholarly journals Application of Photopolymer Materials in Holographic Technologies

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vorzobova ◽  
Pavel Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Fabrication ◽  
Dimensional Object

The possibility of the application of acrylate compositions and Bayfol HX photopolymers in holographic technologies is considered. The holographic characteristics of materials, their advantages, and limitations in relation to the tasks of obtaining holographic elements based on periodic structures are given. The conditions for obtaining controlled two and multichannel diffraction beam splitters are determined with advantages in terms of the simplicity of the fabrication process. The diffraction and selective properties of volume and hybrid periodic structures by radiation incidence in a wide range of angles in three-dimensional space are investigated, and new properties are identified that are of interest for the development of elements of holographic solar concentrators with advantages in the material used and the range of incidence angles. A new application of polymer materials in a new method of holographic 3D printing for polymer objects with arbitrary shape fabrication based on the projection of a holographic image of the object into the volume of photopolymerizable material is proposed, the advantage of which, relative to additive 3D printing technologies, is the elimination of the sequential synthesis of a three-dimensional object. The factors determining the requirements for the material, fabrication conditions, and properties of three-dimensional objects are identified and investigated.

scholarly journals Possible Observational Evidence for the Existence of a Parallel Universe

Foundations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Eugene Oks
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gravitational Pull

Many totally different kinds of astrophysical observations demonstrated that, in our universe, there exists a preferred direction. Specifically, from observations in a wide range of frequencies, the alignment of various preferred directions in different data sets was found. Moreover, the observed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) quadrupole, CMB octopole, radio and optical polarizations from distant sources also indicate the same preferred direction. While this hints at a gravitational pull from the “outside”, the observational data from the Plank satellite showed that the bulk flow velocity was relatively small: much smaller than was initially thought. In the present paper we propose a configuration where two three-dimensional universes (one of which is ours) are embedded in a four-dimensional space and rotate about their barycenter in such a way that the centrifugal force nearly (but not exactly) compensates their mutual gravitational pull. This would explain not only the existence of a preferred direction for each of the three-dimensional universes (the direction to the other universe), but also the fact that the bulk flow velocity, observed in our universe, is relatively small. We point out that this configuration could also explain the perplexing features of the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), previously called Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), recorded by various detection systems—the features presented in the latest official report by the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Thus, the proposed configuration of the two rotating, parallel three-dimensional universes seems to explain both the variety of astrophysical observations and (perhaps) the observed features of the UAP.

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