scholarly journals The Effects of Urban Sprawl and Industrial Agglomeration on Environmental Efficiency: Evidence from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Feng ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Xintao Li ◽  
Zaisheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Period

Environmental efficiency evaluation is an effective way to assess the synergetic development degree between the economy and environment. In order to realize the mechanism of the effects of urban sprawl and industrial agglomeration on environmental efficiency by using the super efficiency Slacks-based Measure (SBM) model with undesirable outputs, this paper firstly calculates the environmental efficiency of the 13 cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration from 2006 to 2017. Then, based on the panel data of the 13 cities, we empirically examine the influence of urban sprawl and industrial agglomeration on environmental efficiency by adopting the panel Tobit regression model. The results show that large gaps exist in the degree of the cities’ environmental efficiency in the research period, and only Beijing’s environmental efficiency exhibits full efficiency in the 13 cities, with the overall environmental efficiency of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration presenting a decreasing trend. Additionally, the Tobit regression results indicate that urban sprawl has a significantly negative impact on environmental efficiency, but with the continual improvement of industrial agglomeration, the negative effects of urban sprawl will be partially offset. From the regression results of control variables, economic growth and urbanization developments have an inhibiting effect on the promotion of environmental efficiency. Furthermore, industrial structure optimization and technological innovation are helpful to improve environmental efficiency. The opening-up policy has had a significantly positive impact on environmental efficiency, and the “pollution paradise” hypothesis was untenable in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Host Country Characteristics that Determine FDI in Developing Countries: Recent Panel Data Evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq Majeed ◽  
Eatzaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Country Characteristics ◽  
General Method Of Moments

This paper analyzes a range of host country characteristics that determine foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries, using panel data on 72 countries for the period 1970-2008. Keeping in view the endogeneity problem of the chosen host country’s characteristics, the model is estimated using the General Method of Moments (GMM) technique. The analysis shows that gross domestic product (GDP), economic growth, and per capita income positively affect FDI—a result consistent with the market-seeking behavior of multinational corporations (MNCs). Furthermore, we find that remittances have a significant and positive impact on FDI. On the other hand, inflation and the balance of payments deficit have negative effects on FDI. MNCs are attracted to host countries that are outward looking and follow trade-promoting policies. This is confirmed by the positive effect of openness on FDI flows to developing countries. The study also finds that the effect of military expenditures on FDI is negative and significant. Finally, our analysis finds that the real exchange rate has a significantly negative impact on FDI.

The Impact of Ceta Programs on Components of Participants' Earnings

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P. Dickinson ◽  
Terry R. Johnson ◽  
Richard W. West
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hourly Wage Rate ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first estimates of the net impact of CETA participation on the components of CETA participants' post-program earnings. Employing a sample of 1975 CETA enrollees and comparison groups drawn from the March 1978 CPS using a nearest-neighbor matching technique, the authors estimate statistically significant negative effects on men's earnings and statistically significant positive effects on women's earnings. These results stem partly from the impact of CETA participation on the likelihood of being employed after leaving the program (negative for men, positive for women), but also from a negative impact on hours worked during the year and hourly wage rate for men and a large positive impact on hours worked per week and weeks worked per year for women.

scholarly journals Effect of terrorism activities on capital flight in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Anahita Seifi ◽  
Samira Motaghi ◽  
Salah Ebrahim ◽  
Mojtaba Soltani Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Capital Outflow ◽  
Middle East Countries

Behavioral economics has proven that negative emotions can influence investors’ decisions. One of the factors that have a negative impact on investors’ sentiment is terrorism as the new face of violence with economic consequences. The link between terrorism and capital outflow is a theoretical framework that explains how violence affects capital flight of a country. With this in mind, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of terrorist activities on capital flight in the Middle East countries during the period 2000-2016 using the Spatial Econometric Panel Data Approach. The results of this study show that terrorism and its spatial effects have a significant and positive impact on capital flight in the Middle East countries. Also, gross domestic production (GDP) and trade openness have negative effects on capital outflow. This study has important implications for policymakers in countries facing terrorist activity and investors’ trust building.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneous Evolution of Haze Pollution in China as Deduced with the Use of Spatial Econometrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hou ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Hongfeng Song ◽  
Fengshu Li
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Haze Pollution, consisting essentially of PM2.5 and PM10, has been arousing wide public concern home and abroad. It has become a universal urgency for atmospheric researchers, governments, organizations, institutions, and the general public to conduct corresponding actions. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the institutional distribution and the regional evolution trend of path characteristics of haze pollution in China under the spatial–temporal heterogeneity on the basis of spatial econometrics, by incorporating the spatial element into the framework of the Multiple Influencing Factors mechanism. The results show that it has been abating under the governance year by year, though with a decreasing intensity; the major polluted regions have been moving from the East to the central and western area; there is significant spatial autocorrelation among the highly polluted area, but the effective local regulations of les- polluted regions do not impact the neighboring regions correspondingly; among the impacting factors, industrial structure, energy intensity, and traffic pollution have a significant Positive Impact on haze pollution, and the level of urbanization has a Negative Impact, while economic growth and innovation performance have no significant Positive Impact and are both weak in promotion. This research, theoretically and practically, offers reference for the Chinese government to integrate regional effective systems into multiregional diversified environmental governance, so as to realize its Green Ecology Transformation Development Strategy.

scholarly journals Study on the Influence of Tourism Activities on Nature Reserves in China and Its Countermeasures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Qi Ji
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Impact

China’s “industrial restructuring” has expanded the proportion of the tertiary industry in the economy and promoted the development of local tourism. The ongoing “industrial structure upgrading” is intended to make the industry bigger and stronger, which will promote the growth of local tourism. As a tourist resort, nature reserves have been attracting a large number of tourists and have great development potential and economic value. Under this situation, various management agencies of nature reserves have successively carried out tourism activities and carried out tourism development and construction. However, there is no doubt that both tourism activities and development will have an impact on the ecological system of nature reserves. The existing legal system of nature reserves in China emphasizes the prohibition of behaviors that directly destroy the ecological environment and ignores the impact of human tourism activities. The continuous increase in the number of tourism in our country, brought on nature reserves of rich tourist income at the same time, a large number of facts show that tourism has become a source of environmental pollution, so it is necessary for tourism environmental pollution the main way to do a summary and its particularity, summing up the basic law of tourism affect the environment, thus provide the basis for strengthening the environmental protection from the point of view of tourism management. The emergence and development of tourism culture is inseparable from the influence of the environment, and tourism culture also affects the environment. The negative effects and negative effects of tourism culture development on the environment are becoming more and more evident, which has aroused people’s general concern. In recent years, the negative impact of tourism and cultural activities on the environment has been paid much attention to by many scholars at home and abroad. This paper discusses the impact of tourism activities on nature reserves, and discusses the causes of this problem, so as to analyze the strategies to ensure the harmony and order of nature reserves in tourism activities.

scholarly journals INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF DI SEKOLAH DASAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Abdul Mu’min Saud
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Effects

The development of science, technology and information (science and technology) is very fast and globalization nowadays occur positive and negative impacts on people's lives, both individual and social life. The positive impact of the development of science and technology and the globalization of the labor market is opening opportunities in accordance with the needs of society and the state. While the negative impact is the changing values and norms of life that is often in contradiction with the norms and values of life that has existed in the community. In this context, education, especially primary education, plays a very important to preserve and protect the norms and positive life values that already exist in the society of a country from the negative effects of science and technology development and globalization. The education process is right and quality provided supplies and power to maintain the "identity" of the negative effects of globalization, not only for the interests of individual learners, but also for the benefit of society and the state. National policy development of the noble character education into the national education system is a strategic effort to equip future generations with the noble character of the nation as the identity of Indonesia in global competition. With the character education that is applied systematically and sustainably, a child will be emotionally intelligent. Emotional intelligence is important provision in preparing children to meet the future, because someone will be more easily and successfully face all kinds of life challenges, including the challenge to succeed academically.

STRATEGI PERUBAHAN KARAKTER SIVITAS AKADEMIKA STABN SRIWIJAYA TANGERANG BANTEN DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA GLOBALISASI PERDAGANGAN BEBAS (MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN/MEA)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalita Vistari
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Work World ◽  
National Welfare ◽  
Two Sides

The inclusion era of free trade globalization, namely Asean EconomicCommunity (AEC) in Indonesia is likely two sides of a coin, which has positiveand negative effects. The positive impact AEC imposed earlier, namely ASEANincreased competitiveness and to attract foreign investors, as well as create newjob opportunities in Indonesia and could improve national welfare of the nation.The negative impact of the inclusion of the era of free trade in Southeast Asia,namely unpreparedness in various fields, such as economics, education, andhuman resources including the academic society STABN Sriwijaya Tangerang ofBanten.Revolution or character changes of the entire human resourcesacademicians of STABN Sriwijaya needs to be done and improved in order tograduate STABN Sriwijaya become qualified, professional, and competitive. Thecharacter changes of the student needs to be done, which can be started from thestudents themselves, as studious, punctual, disciplined in collecting duties, andalso to equip themselves with new skills needed work world today, such asmastery of foreign languages, Leadership, Digital Literacy, Communication,Emotional intelligency, Entrepreneurship, Global Citizenship, Problem Solving,and Team-Working. The character changes of the entire academic community arementally prepared to work hard, be responsible, work together in teams, tough(resilient), tolerant, and skilled (expert) in their respective fields is authorized forthe entire academic community to be able to work in global, advanced, modernand competitive world. In contrary to the academicians who do not want to makechanges will be left behind.Keywords: revolution, character changes, AEC, competitive

The Recessive Outcomes of Emu Policies: Analysis of the Italian Experience, 1998-2008

2012 ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Rita Canale Rosaria ◽  
Napolitano Oreste
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fiscal And Monetary Policy

The EMU assigns a marginal role to economic policy and relies on the idea that, if prices are kept constant, there will be an automatic convergence towards long-run equilibrium income. These beliefs represent the theoretical underpinnings of fiscal and monetary policy strategies in Europe. In order to highlight the weakness of these foundations, this paper evaluates empirically the effects of public expenditure and interest rate setting on equilibrium income in Italy from 1998 to 2008. Our analysis supports the conclusions that government spending has a positive impact on national income while monetary policy strategy has a negative impact. Moreover, the high level of debt does not produce negative effects on GDP. Finally, at a time of financial crisis, these results are reinforced for fiscal policy, but weakened for monetary policy. The paper finally states that the EMU's rigid rules for both fiscal and monetary policy have recessive outcomes.

scholarly journals Sustainable Feasibility of the Environmental-Friendly Policies on Agriculture and Its Related Sectors in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6680
Author(s):  
Jahira Debbarma ◽  
Hyoungsuk Lee ◽  
Yongrok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Private And Public

In terms of economic development and feeding the world’s populations, the importance of the agricultural sector is well known. However, agriculture and its related sectors are also known for contributing more than one-quarter of the world’s GHG emissions. To address this issue, we evaluate the performance of agriculture and its related firms in India from 2013 to 2019 with its environmental efficiency under the paradigm shift promoted by the National Agroforestry Policy in 2014. To evaluate the feasibility of this paradigm shift in agricultural policy, the non-radial slack-based measure (SBM) is utilized in the first stage, and Tobit regressions are used to assess the determinants of efficiency (or sources of inefficiency) measures at the second stage. The results from non-radial SBM show that Indian agricultural firms (foreign direct investment, private, and public) show huge potential with 32.2% on average to enhance their performance if they move toward the frontier of the production possibility curve. This suggests that Indian policymakers should regulate much stronger regulations for firms, especially for the use of agricultural inputs such as energy (fertilizers), with performance-oriented financial measures for sustainable agriculture. To determine the strategic variables for these firms to enhance their performance, Tobit regressions showed that fertilizers use (−3.350%) appears to have the highest negative impact on environmental efficiency. On the other hand, credit access (2.710%) has the highest positive impact on environmental efficiency, implying that policymakers should provide subsidies to firms in the form of soft loans (or credit access) for the purchase of high-quality fertilizers and to adopt energy-saving equipment/technology to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers in India.

scholarly journals How Does Urban Sprawl Affect Public Health? Evidence from Panel Survey Data in Urbanizing China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10181
Author(s):  
Yan Yan ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Canfei He
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Income Groups

This study takes urbanizing China as the research object, employs data from three follow-up surveys conducted by the Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and examines the effects of urban sprawl on public health from physical and mental health perspectives. Although urban sprawl does not necessarily increase the risk of each specific type of disease or psychological feeling, it has a significant impact on overall physical and mental health. Further analysis reveals significant heterogeneity in the effects of urban sprawl on the physical and mental health of different groups. Specifically, urban sprawl is detrimental to the physical health of males and females, but only has negative impact on the mental health of females. Younger groups are more vulnerable to physical and mental health damage from urban sprawl relative to middle-aged and older groups. In addition, urban sprawl has a significant negative impact on the health of the low-education group but a very limited impact on the health of the high-education counterpart. From an income perspective, however, the preference for suburban housing among middle- and high-income groups makes their health more vulnerable to the negative effects of urban sprawl than low-income groups living in urban centers.

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