scholarly journals Commuting in Urban Kenya: Unpacking Travel Demand in Large and Small Kenyan Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Salon ◽  
Sumila Gulyani
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Travel ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The City

In Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, streets are regularly gridlocked. While it is clear that roads are congested at peak hours, it is not known which commuters are experiencing that congestion or what their commute times actually are. Even less is known about commuting patterns in other Kenyan cities. This paper contributes new evidence on commuting from a survey of 14,580 households, conducted in 15 Kenyan cities in 2013. Walking and matatus—privately-operated paratransit—account for 89% of all adult commuting in urban Kenya. As cities increase in size, the proportion relying on walking falls and matatu use increases. Within a city, commuters with higher income and education, and those living further from the city center, are more likely to use matatus rather than walk. Commute times are surprisingly short. In smaller Kenyan cities the median commute time is just 20 min. In Nairobi, the median commute time is 30 min, and only 5% of those surveyed reported commuting an hour or longer. These data paint a remarkably sustainable picture of urban travel patterns in Kenya. As incomes, education levels, and demand for motorized travel rise, the challenge will be to expand and improve the system while maintaining its sustainability.

scholarly journals Estimating Demand for a New Travel Mode in Boise, Idaho

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Mandar Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
City Center ◽  
Road Congestion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
The City

The 20,000-student Boise State University campus is located about 3 km from the center of the city of Boise. There is a significant amount of travel between the campus and the city center as students and staff travel to the city to visit restaurants, shops, and entertainment centers. Currently, people make this trip by car, shuttle bus, bike, or walking modes. Cars and shuttle buses, which share the same road network, constitute about 76% of the total trips. As road congestion is expected to grow in the future, it is prudent to look for other modes that can fulfill the travel demand. One potential mode is an aerial tramway. However, an aerial tramway is not a common mode of urban travel in the US. This research describes how the stated preference method was used to estimate demand for a mode that does not currently exist. An online stated preference survey was sent out to 8681 students, faculty, and staff and 1821 valid responses were received. Only about 35% of the respondents expressed their willingness to choose an aerial tramway for various combinations of cost and convenience of the new mode. Respondents were also found to favor convenience over cost for the new mode.

Understanding the Shared E-scooter Travels in Austin, TX

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Jiao ◽  
Shunhua Bai
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Street Connectivity ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
City Center ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This paper investigated the travel patterns of 1.7 million shared E-scooter trips from April 2018 to February 2019 in Austin, TX. There were more than 6000 active E-scooters in operation each month, generating over 150,000 trips and covered approximately 117,000 miles. During this period, the average travel distance and operation time of E-scooter trips were 0.77 miles and 7.55 min, respectively. We further identified two E-scooter usage hotspots in the city (Downtown Austin and the University of Texas campus). The spatial analysis showed that more trips originated from Downtown Austin than were completed, while the opposite was true for the UT campus. We also investigated the relationship between the number of E-scooter trips and the surrounding environments. The results show that areas with higher population density and more residents with higher education were correlated with more E-scooter trips. A shorter distance to the city center, the presence of transit stations, better street connectivity, and more compact land use were also associated with increased E scooter usage in Austin, TX. Surprisingly, the proportion of young residents within a neighborhood was negatively correlated with E-scooter usage.

scholarly journals Motivations for choosing brick-and-mortar stores between urban commerce and shopping centers: the case of Logroño retail

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sierra-Murillo ◽  
Jorge Pelegrín-Borondo ◽  
Cristina Olarte-Pascual ◽  
Natalia Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The City ◽  
Fundamental Conclusion

The aim of this work is to identify the reasons behind the choice of brick-and-mortar stores to make purchases and provide new evidence of the role that such establishments play in the omnichannel environment. An empirical study carried out in the city of Logroño (Spain) shows that utilitarian and hedonic motives are intertwined and differ according to age. Young people opt for shopping centers and the range of products and services they have to offer. Adults and elderly customers associate personal attention with shops located in the city center. The fundamental conclusion of the present work is that the establishments located in shopping centers and urban centers can coexist, each developing their own strengths. Both types of establishments provide interesting benefits for consumers who, in certain situations, opt for brick-and-mortar stores and value the offline shopping experience.

scholarly journals PERILAKU PERJALANAN PENGGUNA SEPEDA MOTOR UNTUK TUJUAN BEKERJA DI PUSAT KOTA SEMARANG (STUDI KASUS: KORIDOR SEGITIGA EMAS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jonathan Suek ◽  
Okto Risdianto Manullang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The City

Working activity is one of the subsistence activities with the highest motivation level to travel. In Semarang City, the workplace is still dominant (75.04%) located in the city center, so the city center has a great attraction. It makes the provision of public transportation, such as Trans Semarang has a high service area in the city center. Currently, the Segitiga Emas Corridor has been serviced by 5 bus lines, but workers are still using motorcycles. In city scale, the dependency of motorcycle use reached 79.58% in Semarang City. On the other hand, the value of Trans Semarang loading factor is only 54%. This phenomenon is suspected to occur because of public transport services that have not been in accordance with the user’s travel behavior. Travel behavior can be measured through travel patterns that are formed by scheduling daily activities. Decisions in determining travel patterns are inseparable from the socio-demographic, economic and residential aspects. This study aims to understand the relationship between the travel patterns of workers with these aspects, as well as analyzing predictor variables on understanding the provision of urban mass transportation. The research method used is quantitative approach by using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis through structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that unmarried workers and workers who do not have children or already do not have children at school age are potential workers who can switch modes to Trans Semarang (49,5%). Therefore, married workers with dual-earners in households, have 1-2 school-age children and small households tend to travel complex and difficult to facilitate by Trans Semarang service. Thus, transport services should be tailored to the characteristics and needs of workers, at least for potential demand to attract new users

scholarly journals Decision making on family level in having treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Deviarbi Sakke Tira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Center ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study was to find out how decisions were made at the family level in order to seek treatment for family members, especially mothers during childbirth. The population in this study were community members who resided in Ngada, Southwest Sumba, North Central Timor and East Flores- Indonesia. The sample size was determined using a purposive technique, where each district was determined by two locations based on the distance factor (the farthest area and the nearest area) from the capital city of the district. Data were collected using in-depth interview techniques and Focused Group Discussions (FGD) to explore family-level decision-making processes regarding the use of health facilities. The results of this study indicate that decisions at the family level to use health facilities in areas far from the city center tend to still adhere to local traditions and local culture; and it should be based on relatives' advice; while the people who live close to the city center, the decision to use health facilities is generally in the hands of the mother and husband.

scholarly journals Pemindahan Ibu Kota Indonesia dan Kekuasaan Presiden dalam Perspektif Konstitusi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Fikri Hadi ◽  
Rosa Ristawati
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Legal Argument ◽  
City Center ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
History Approach ◽  
The City

Pada 16 Agustus 2019, Presiden Republik Indonesia menyampaikan pidato kenegaraan tentang pemindahan ibu kota Indonesia. Lokasi ibu kota baru juga telah ditetapkan oleh Presiden RI. Penetapan tersebut mendahului pengkajian hukumnya termasuk pembentukan dasar hukum penetapan ibu kota baru. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai konsep ibu kota di Indonesia baik dengan membandingkan diluar negeri maupun membahas dalam perspektif sejarah konstitusi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga membahas mengenai kewenangan Presiden dalam melakukan pemindahan dan penetapan ibu kota.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum berupa doctrinal research dengan Pendekatan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan constitutional historis.Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa konsep ibu kota di Indonesia berbeda dengan di negara lain, seperti di Belanda dan di Malaysia yang memisahkan antara ibu kota dan pusat pemerintahan. Selain itu, disimpulkan bahwa secara konstitusional, Presiden RI tidak mempunyai kewenangan mutlak dalam memindahkan ibu kota. Presiden mempunyai kekuasaan untuk mengajukan usul pemindahan ibu kota untuk selanjutnya harus dibahas bersama dan mendapatkan persetujuan dari parlemen.In 16 August 2019, the President of Republic of Indonesia gave speech on an idea of the translocation of the Indonesian capital city. The new capital city has also already decided by the President. The decision is made before the legal analysis including the legal basis of the decision to have new capital city. This paper will discuss the concept of the capital city from general- legal perspective to comparative perspective. This paper also discuss on how the concept of capital city is developed in Indonesia from the historical constitutional perspective. It will also analyze the presidential authority on the idea of proposing and deciding the translocation of the capital city. The argument in this paper is written as a legal argument by having perspective on the doctrinal-legal approach. It will use conceptual approach, legal and statutes approach and constitutional history approach. This paper ends up with the conclusion that the concept of the Indonesian capital city is different from the concept of the capital city in other countries, such as the Netherlands and Malaysia. In both countries, the concept of capital city is separated from the concept of government city, which is as the city center for governmental affairs. Besides, it is concluded that based on the Indonesian Constitution, the President of Republic of Indonesia has no absolute authority on the issue of translocation of the capital city. The President of Republic of Indonesia may have the power to propose the translocation of the capital city but there shall be further process of joint discussion and joint approval by the President and the DPR.

Segmenting the city: McDonald’s, the Metro, and the mobilization of the middle classes underground

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1331
Author(s):  
Bruce O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Urban Life ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The European Union ◽  
City Center ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
The City

Following Romania’s accession into the European Union (EU) in 2007, a wave of foreign direct investment quickly transformed its capital city, Bucharest, into a global leader in business services. With this new economy came new middle classes whose turn toward auto-mobility materially overwhelmed the city center. To preserve the quality and character of the city, urban planners and bureaucrats proposed to “mobilize” the middle classes underground by incorporating global brands, such as McDonald’s, inside Metro stations. This essay details these ongoing efforts to segment vertically the city above from the city belowground, professional elites from the middle classes, through an analysis of the staged materiality of two McDonald’s restaurants located one beneath the other. How and to what effect, this essay asks, is the urban underground staged to mobilize the middle classes? This is a historical and ethnographic line of inquiry taken from Bucharest that resonates with cities the world over, where the demands of development have pushed cities not just upwards into the sky, and outwards toward the periphery, but also deep underground in ways that vertically segment the experience of urban life.

OVERCOMING THE PIGOU–DOWNS PARADOX USING ADVANCED TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350039 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. FOWDUR ◽  
S. D. D. V. RUGHOOPUTH
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
City Center ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The City

Expansion of a road network has often been observed to cause more congestion and has led researchers to the formulation of traffic paradoxes such as the Pigou–Downs and the Braess paradoxes. In this paper, we present an application of advanced traffic signal control (ATSC) to overcome the Pigou–Downs paradox. Port Louis, the capital city of Mauritius is used to investigate the effect of using a harbor bridge to by-pass the city center. Using traffic cellular automata (TCA) simulations it has been shown how, if traffic is only gradually deviated along the by-pass, an overall longer travel time and decreased flux would result. By making use of ATSC, which involves traffic lights that sense the number of vehicles accumulated in the queue, better travel times and fluxes are achieved.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF A PARK & RIDE SYSTEM IN SARAJEVO / IMPLEMENTACIJA MODELA PARK & RIDE SISTEMA U SARAJEVU

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Džemal Cinac
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The City

Sarajevo is the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina and represents the largest urban, cultural, economic and transport center, with seven major roads connected to other parts of the country. A large number of cities in the world have a problem with parking requirements, and Sarajevo is not an exception. Because of that, there is a need for reducing traffic flows in the nearest city center by using “smart solutions” that advocate vignettes or other billing for entry into the city center, such as the Park & Ride Concept, with with the aim of reducing pollution and environmental pollution. The Park & Ride system is a highly functional way of reducing the number of vehicles coming to a larger city, and it works by getting public transport terminals closer to each other, rebuilding or building a new parking lot where drivers park their passenger cars and continue the route with public transport to the very center of the city. Since Park & Ride facilities are expensive and spend fairly precious city land, so their planning and construction needs to be accessed extremely thoroughly and rationally. It is extremely important to have a set of criteria according to which investment decisions will be made, which does not mean that their number in advance guarantees a successful planning process. Traffic system analysis in Sarajevo is based on the analysis of the load and number of passenger cars, an analysis of the number of public parking lots in the city center and the possibility of implementing the Park & Ride system. According to data from automatic traffic counters, there are 29,822 AADT vehicles wich enter the city center and 32,877 AADT vehicles of wich leaving the city. There are frequent queues that last for 2-3 semaphore cycles on the stock, which represents the need of building innovative solutions that make up a part of every concept of “Smart Cities”. In this paper, AHP method has been applied which provides a good basis for multi-criteria evaluation and ranking of future Park & Ride facilities. The AHP method is also suitable for use in cases where pure economic criteria may not be sufficient to make final decisions. This paper is based on the critical analysis of previous experience and the research carried out by the author, and it defines the main criteria that need to be applied in the planning of Park & Ride facilities development. Eight locationst are detected at the very entrance to the nearest city center of Sarajevo, which are directly linked to the public transport infrastructure, which would be ideal for implementing the Park & Ride concept.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Travel Patterns from Cellular Network Data and an Urban Travel Demand Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Nils Breyer ◽  
Clas Rydergren ◽  
David Gundlegård
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Urban Travel ◽  
Travel Demand Model

Data on travel patterns and travel demand are an important input to today’s traffic models used for traffic planning. Traditionally, travel demand is modelled using census data, travel surveys, and traffic counts. Problems arise from the fact that the sample sizes are rather limited and that they are expensive to collect and update the data. Cellular network data are a promising large-scale data source to obtain a better understanding of human mobility. To infer travel demand, we propose a method that starts by extracting trips from cellular network data. To find out which types of trips can be extracted, we use a small-scale cellular network dataset collected from 20 mobile phones together with GPS tracks collected on the same device. Using a large-scale dataset of cellular network data from a Swedish operator for the municipality of Norrköping, we compare the travel demand inferred from cellular network data to the municipality’s existing urban travel demand model as well as public transit tap-ins. The results for the small-scale dataset show that, with the proposed trip extraction methods, the recall (trip detection rate) is about 50% for short trips of 1-2 km, while it is 75–80% for trips of more than 5 km. Similarly, the recall also differs by a travel mode with more than 80% for public transit, 74% for car, but only 53% for bicycle and walking. After aggregating trips into an origin-destination matrix, the correlation is weak (R2<0.2) using the original zoning used in the travel demand model with 189 zones, while it is significant with R2=0.82 when aggregating to 24 zones. We find that the choice of the trip extraction method is crucial for the travel demand estimation as we find systematic differences in the resulting travel demand matrices using two different methods.

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