scholarly journals Precision Irrigation Strategies for Sustainable Water Budgeting of Potato Crop in Prince Edward Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Afzaal ◽  
Aitazaz A. Farooque ◽  
Farhat Abbas ◽  
Bishnu Acharya ◽  
Travis Esau
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Climate change induced uneven patterns of rainfall emphasize the use of supplemental irrigation in rainfed agriculture. The Penman–Monteith method was used to calculate supplemental irrigation for water budgeting of a potato crop in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Cumulative gaps between rainfall and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during August and September of the study years were due to high crop coefficient factor, justifying the need for supplemental irrigation. Pressurized irrigation systems, including sprinklers, fertigation, and drip irrigation were installed, to evaluate the impact of scheduled supplemental irrigation in offsetting deficits in irrigation water requirements in comparison with conventional practice of rainfed cultivation (control). A two-way ANOVA examined the effect of irrigation methods and year on potato tuber yield, water productivity, tuber quality, and payout. Sprinkler and fertigation systems performed better than drip and control treatments. In terms of payout returns and potato tuber quality (percentage of marketable potatoes), the sprinkler treatment performed significantly better than the other treatments. However, for water productivity, fertigation treatment performed significantly better than control and sprinkler treatments during both years. The use of supplemental irrigation is recommended for profitable cultivation of potatoes in soil, agricultural, and environmental conditions resembling to those of Prince Edward Island.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRANSLANGUAGING APPROACH ON TEACHING ARABIC READING IN A MULTILINGUAL CLASSROOM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidna Zulfiqar Bin-Tahir ◽  
Ummu Saidah ◽  
Nuril Mufidah ◽  
Riki Bugis
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Multilingual Classroom ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

 The study aimed at measuring the effect of translanguaging approach in teaching Arabic reading comprehension to the second semester students of Indonesian Education Department, Universitas Iqra Buru. 64 students involved as the participants through simple random sampling technique. 32 students participated in each of the experimental and control group. The researchers used reading test of written test to obtain information about the students’ achievemnt in reading on the use of translanguaging approach and it was distributed to the respondents after the last treatment given. To find out the mean score, standard deviation and the t-test value between the pretest and the posttest the researchers used the SPSS 17 program. The researchers found that the use of translanguaging approach in learning Arabic reading comprehension improves the students’ ability of Arabic reading comprehension is better than the conventional method.

scholarly journals The Wane of Command: Evidence on Drone Strikes and Control within Terrorist Organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
ANOUK S. RIGTERINK
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This paper investigates how counterterrorism targeting terrorist leaders affects terrorist attacks. This effect is theoretically ambiguous and depends on whether terrorist groups are modeled as unitary actors or not. The paper exploits a natural experiment provided by strikes by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (drones) “hitting” and “missing” terrorist leaders in Pakistan. Results suggest that terrorist groups increase the number of attacks they commit after a drone “hit” on their leader compared with after a “miss.” This increase is statistically significant for 3 out of 6 months after a hit, when it ranges between 47.7% and 70.3%. Additional analysis of heterogenous effects across groups and leaders, and the impact of drone hits on the type of attack, terrorist group infighting, and splintering, suggest that principal-agent problems—(new) terrorist leaders struggling to control and discipline their operatives—account for these results better than alternative theoretical explanations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Teacher-Initiated Activities on Identifying and Verbalizing Ways of Metacognitive Monitoring and Control in Six-Year-Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Ona Monkeviciene ◽  
Jelena Vildziuniene ◽  
Galina Valinciene
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Metacognitive Monitoring ◽  
Metacognitive Control ◽  
Metacognitive Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Better Than

The qualitative research presented in this article attempts to show the impact of teacher-initiated activities on six-year-old children’s metacognitive monitoring and control abilities. The metacognitive model is discussed, research findings that substantiate the development of separate components of metacognitive regulation are analyzed, and the educational ways that promote metacognitive development in children are systematized. The outcomes of the research show that teacher-initiated activities stimulate and encourage children to find and apply more diverse ways of metacognitive monitoring and control. After teacher-initiated activities, the target group children demonstrated, identified, and verbalized the following ways of acting and learning that had not been noticed in their self-initiated activities in the area of metacognitive monitoring, namely, thinking while doing, modelling, acting by scheme/without a scheme, and activity by self-created strategies. In the area of metacognitive control, the children showed the ability to challenge themselves to do better than before, think and do as a continuous, unbroken control and implementation process, and control performance consistency.

scholarly journals Something Stinks! Finding Ways to Manage Noxious Odours in the Operating Room and Other Clinical Settings A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 229255032110084
Author(s):  
Lindsay Bjornson ◽  
Aaron C. Van Slyke ◽  
Marija Bucevska ◽  
Rebecca Courtemanche ◽  
Jeffrey Bone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olfactory Preferences ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Objectives: The hospital can be saturated with noxious smells. Anecdotally, medical staff apply products to surgical masks to lessen the impact of these smells. This study aimed to determine the odour-masking ability of 4 inexpensive and convenient products. Methods: A randomized, single-blinded crossover study was conducted in Vancouver, Canada. Participants, 19 to 30 years old, were invited to participate. Participants with active allergies, upper respiratory tract infection, alteration to sense of smell, or failure of olfactory screen were excluded from the study. An experimental odour was used in lieu of a noxious surgical odour. After smelling the experimental odour without barriers, participants were re-exposed to the odour using 5 surgical masks in randomized order. Each mask was lined with a test product (cherry lip balm, tincture of benzoin, Mastisol, mint toothpaste, and control [plain mask]). Participants rated the effectiveness of products at masking the experimental odour from 0 to 100 (0 = completely ineffective, 100 = completely effective). Participants also rated the pleasantness of the products, recorded if the products made them feel unwell, and identified their preferred product overall. Results: Eighty participants were included in the study (33 male, 47 female), averaging 24.2 years of age. Mean odour-masking effectiveness for cherry lip balm was 66.5 (±24.6), tincture of benzoin: 62.6 (±25.0), Mastisol: 61.3 (±23.9), mint toothpaste: 57.5 (±27.4), and control: 21.9 (±21.8). All products performed better than the control ( P < .001), but there was no significant difference in performance between products. Cherry lip balm was the most preferred odour-masking product (29 participants), followed by mint toothpaste (22), Mastisol (14), tincture of benzoin (10), and control (5). Conclusions: All tested products demonstrated equivalent odour-masking abilities. If health care professionals choose to use an odour-masking product, they should consider their own olfactory preferences.

scholarly journals Is receiving Dislikes in social media still better than being ignored? The effects of ostracism and rejection on need threat and coping responses online

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lutz ◽  
Frank M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Meaningful Existence ◽  
And Coping ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

When posting content in social media, users can feel excluded due to lacking (cyber-ostracism) or negative (cyber-rejection) feedback. Referring to the temporal need-threat model, this study examined the impact that both exclusion experiences have on social media users’ need threat and on their online coping behavior to fortify threatened needs. For this purpose, a pre-registered between-subjects experiment (N = 211) was conducted by manipulating the type of social exclusion on three levels (ostracism; rejection; inclusion). Results indicated that both types of exclusion threatened media users’ needs for belonging, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control. Compared to ostracized users, rejected ones were more threatened in their needs for belonging and self-esteem, but equally threatened in their needs for meaningful existence and control. Regarding social media users’ coping behavior, ostracized users showed more prosocial behavior, whereas rejected ones rather withdrew from social interactions. Material, code, and data can be found at https://osf.io/3daxq/.

The Diplomatic Presentation of the State in International Crises: Diplomatic Collaboration during the US-Iran Hostage Crisis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Banks
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Hostage Crisis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
Interaction Order ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Theories of crisis (de-)escalation often focus on conflict, stress, and information problems. However, crisis (de-)escalation may sometimes hinge on how de-escalation is interpreted by domestic audiences. In this article, I combine Putnam's two-level games model of diplomacy with Erving Goffman's concepts of interaction order and face to create a mechanism I call “diplomatic presentation.” I show how diplomatic presentation can be instrumental for the crafting of diplomatic outcomes that states believe are in their mutual interest but that run the risk of being rejected by their domestic publics. Successful diplomatic presentation requires that states collude together to manage their performance, engage in teamwork, and control the impact of unsympathetic audiences. In evaluating this mechanism, I analyze the diplomacy surrounding the Iran Hostage Crisis. During this crisis, regime officials from the United States and Iran colluded in a theatrical “scenario,” in which both sides adopted specific roles in order to satisfy the sentiments of US and Iranian publics. I show that complications regarding the presentation of this scenario explain escalation of the crisis better than prominent alternatives. This argument contributes to the growing literature on symbolic diplomacy in international relations, while also challenging common assumptions about the adversarial nature of crises.

scholarly journals Pangan yang difortifikasi zat gizi mikro pada ibu hamil meningkatkan perkembangan motorik bayi

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Bernatal Saragih ◽  
Hidayat Syarief ◽  
Hadi Riyadi ◽  
Amini Nasoetion
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Pregnant Mothers ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Better Than

Background: Many factors infl uence the growth and development of an infant but nutrition was undeniably one of the most important factors. One way to improve the nutritional status of infants was by providing supplementary foods fortifi ed with multiple micronutrients to mothers during pregnancy. Nutritional interventions during pregnancy provided better nutrient reserves for mothers and fetus.Objective: To analyze the impact of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods provision in pregnant mothers on motor development and anemia status of infants in three sub-districts of Bogor District namely: Leuwiliang, Leuwisadeng and Ciampea.Method: A total of 120 infants were followed up in a prospective cohort study. The subjects were divided into three groups, i.e: 40 infants in fortifi ed group (pregnant mothers received supplementary foods (vermicelli, milk and biscuit) fortifi ed with multi-nutrients i.e. iron, iodine, zinc, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin A), 40 infants in non-fortifi ed groups (pregnant mothers received non fortifi ed foods) and 40 infants in the control groups (pregnant mothers did not receive any supplementary foods). Motor development was measured by methods developed by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Hb was measured by Cyanmethemoglobin method. Ancova and linear logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results: Provision of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods in pregnant mothers substantially improves infant’s motor development (77% better than other groups). In addition, supplementation of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed foods in pregnant mothers reduced the rate of hemoglobin and hematocrit decline in infants up to the age of 6 months. There were no infants aged 6 months with Hb < 90 g / L in the fortifi ed group, while in the non-fortifi ed group and control group the prevalence of anemia was 8.3% and 11.11%, respectively.Conclusion: Provision of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods in pregnant mothers improved infant’s motor development.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar application of potassium and its spray schedule on yield and quality of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Jaffa

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1893-1898
Author(s):  
Vijay Vijay ◽  
R. P. S. Dalal ◽  
B. S. Beniwal ◽  
Hemant Saini
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Better Than

A field study was undertaken to extrapolate the impact of foliar application of potash and its spray schedule on yield and physical and chemical parameters of sweet orange cv. Jaffa at experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The results revealed that foliar application of KNO₃ at both the doses (2 and 4%) was found significantly or marginally better than K₂SO₄ (1.5 and 3.0%) and control (water spray) in increasing the juice content. Peel content, peel thickness and rag content was found to be influenced significantly due to different treatments on K and its spray schedule. Minimum rag content (38.11%) was recorded with foliar application of KNO₃ at the rate of 4% and maximum with control. Ascorbic acid and acidity were found maximum with two foliar applications of KNO₃ at the rate of 4% in the last week of April and August. Foliar application of KNO₃ at the rate of 4% was found most effective in increasing yield of sweet orange over control and other K treatments. Spray of K in the last week of April, May and August was found superior in increasing yield closely followed by two sprays in the last week of April and August. The findings signify the importance of K spray in enhancing yield and quality of sweet orange under semi-arid north western conditions of India.

scholarly journals Acute stress impairs reward learning in men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Carvalheiro ◽  
Vasco A. Conceição ◽  
Ana Mesquita ◽  
Ana Seara-Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Model ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAcute stress is ubiquitous in everyday life, but the extent to which acute stress affects how people learn from the outcomes of their choices is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate how acute stress impacts reward and punishment learning in men using a reinforcement-learning task. Sixty-two male participants performed the task whilst under stress and control conditions. We observed that acute stress impaired participants’ choice performance towards monetary gains, but not losses. To unravel the mechanism(s) underlying such impairment, we fitted a reinforcement-learning model to participants’ trial-by-trial choices. Computational modeling indicated that under acute stress participants learned more slowly from positive prediction errors — when the outcomes were better than expected — consistent with stress-induced dopamine disruptions. Such mechanistic understanding of how acute stress impairs reward learning is particularly important given the pervasiveness of stress in our daily life and the impact that stress can have on our wellbeing and mental health.

scholarly journals A comparison of two open-source crop simulation models for a potato crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-387
Author(s):  
Diego Quintero ◽  
Eliécer Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Better Than

An open-source model is a model that makes it possible to modify the source code. This tool can be a great advantage for the user since it allows changing or modifying some of the background theory of the model. World Food Studies (WOFOST) and AquaCropOS open-source crop models were compared using field recorded data. Both models are free open-source tools that allow evaluating the impacts of climate and water on agriculture. The objective of this research was to assess the model’s efficiency in simulating the yield and above-ground biomass formation of a potato crop on the Cundiboyacense plateau. WOFOST simulates biomass accumulation in the crop organs using partitioning of assimilates to establish the biomass fraction that turns into yield. AquaCropOS simulates total above-ground biomass accumulation using crop water productivity (WP) and considers the Harvest Index (HI) to calculate yield formation. Crop modules for both models were built using information recorded in previous studies by other authors; those works performed a physiological and phenological characterization of some potato varieties. It was found that the WOFOST model simulates yield formation better than AquaCropOS; despite that, AquaCropOS simulates total above-ground biomass better than WOFOST. However, AquaCropOS was as efficient as WOFOST in simulating yield formation.

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