scholarly journals Optimization of RC Structures in Terms of Cost and Environmental Impact—Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8532
Author(s):  
Michal Ženíšek ◽  
Jan Pešta ◽  
Martin Tipka ◽  
Vladimír Kočí ◽  
Petr Hájek
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Rc Building

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures represent one of the most widespread building systems around the world. This paper deals with the optimization of load-bearing RC structures in terms of cost and environmental impact. The results of the optimization are the dimensions and reinforcement of structural elements for which the total construction costs and environmental impacts are the lowest. Six variants of RC building structures were designed and analyzed in a case study. The construction cost was evaluated on the basis of the national pricing system. The life cycle assessment (LCA) characterization model according to the ReCiPe methodology version 1.08 was used to assess environmental impacts. The main motivation of this article was to show the possibilities of the multi-criteria optimization of a load-bearing structure, not only from a structural point of view but also from economic and environmental points of view. The presented conclusions correspond to this specific construction of the RC structure used in the case study and may not be generalized. Nevertheless, they point to certain trends and patterns that can also be used in the design of other reinforced concrete structures. The method used in this case study could be applied to the analysis of other structures using specific datasets for cost and environmental impact evaluation.

Extending Production Life of Mature Fields in the North Sea with Multilateral Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kelsey ◽  
Magnus Raaholt ◽  
Olav Einervoll ◽  
Rustem Nafikov ◽  
Stian Amble
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract Multilateral technology has for nearly three decades extended the production life of fields in the North Sea by delivering a higher recovery factor supported by the cumulative production of the multiple laterals. Additionally, operators continue to look at methods to reduce the environmental impact of drilling and intervention. Taking advantage of the latest multilateral technology can turn otherwise unviable reservoirs into economically sound targets by achieving a longer field life while minimizing construction costs, risk, and environmental impact. This paper will focus on mature fields in the region that have used multilateral applications for wells that were reaching the end of their life and have been extended to further economic production. This paper discusses challenges faced to provide a multilateral solution for drilling new lateral legs in existing wells where there is a lack of available slots to drill new wells. Additionally, discussion will cover completion designs that tie new laterals into existing production casing. The case study will include discussion of workover operations, isolation methods, and lateral creation systems. The paper focuses on the challenges, solutions, and successful case study of a retrofit multilateral well constructed in the North Sea which extended production life in a mature field by using innovative multilateral re-entry methods. The paper also provides insight as to methodology for continually improving reliability of multilateral installations to maximize efficiencies.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of LNG Fueled Vessel in Domestic Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwang ◽  
Jeong ◽  
Jung ◽  
Kim ◽  
Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Selection Of

This research was focused on a comparative analysis of using LNG as a marine fuel with a conventional marine gas oil (MGO) from an environmental point of view. A case study was performed using a 50K bulk carrier engaged in domestic services in South Korea. Considering the energy exporting market for South Korea, the fuel supply chain was designed with the two largest suppliers: Middle East (LNG-Qatar/MGO-Saudi Arabia) and U.S. The life cycle of each fuel type was categorized into three stages: Well-to-Tank (WtT), Tank-to-Wake (TtW), and Well-to-Wake (WtW). With the process modelling, the environmental impact of each stage was analyzed based on the five environmental impact categorizes: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Photochemical Potential (POCP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Particulate Matter (PM). Analysis results reveal that emission levels for the LNG cases are significantly lower than the MGO cases in all potential impact categories. Particularly, Case 1 (LNG import to Korea from Qatar) is identified as the best option as producing the lowest emission levels per 1.0 × 107 MJ of fuel consumption: 977 tonnages of CO2 equivalent (for GWP), 1.76 tonnages of SO2 equivalent (for AP), 1.18 tonnages of N equivalent (for EP), 4.28 tonnages of NMVOC equivalent (for POCP) and 26 kg of PM 2.5 equivalent (for PM). On the other hand, the results also point out that the selection of the fuel supply routes could be an important factor contributing to emission levels since longer distances for freight transportation result in more emissions. It is worth noting that the life cycle assessment can offer us better understanding of holistic emission levels contributed by marine fuels from the cradle to the grave, which are highly believed to remedy the shortcomings of current marine emission indicators.

Sustainable Construction - Environmental Impacts Assessment of Architectural Elements and Building Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Moňoková ◽  
Silvia Vilčeková
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Ozone Formation Potential ◽  
Environmental Technologies

Increasing concerns about negative environmental impacts of building structures call for higher demands on the design of environmental friendly buildings. This article is aimed at assessing the overall environmental impact of buildings throughout its life cycle as well as on environmental impact of all building materials and building services for single-family homes. This analysis examines the role of utilized green environmental technologies for the following selected impact categories: GWP - global warming potential, EP - eutrophication potential, AP - acidification potential POCP and photochemical ozone formation potential expressed in kg CO2eq, PO43-eq, SO2eq and ethylene within the “Cradle to gate with options” boundary. The LCA assessment methodology and eToolLCD software have been used to model the effects of houses’ life cycle.

scholarly journals Seismic and Wind Analysis of Regular and Irregular RC Structures with Tuned Mass Damper

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2263-2269
Keyword(s):  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Time History ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Rc Building ◽  
The Impact

Latest trend in the development high rise structure demanding taller and lighter structures, which are progressively adaptable with very low damping ratio. As the structures developing vertically, they are ending up all the more affecting by powerful excitation forces, for example, wind and seismic forces. For the more safety of structure and inhabitant's solace, the vibrations of the tall structures become a major issue for both structural designers. So as to control the vibration, various methodologies are proposed out of the few systems accessible for vibration control. Out of numerous methods, TMD has been observed to be increasingly powerful in controlling the dynamic forces caused due to seismic and wind excitations. In this paper, the adequacy of TMD in controlling the dynamic reaction of structures and the impact of different ground movement parameters on the seismic viability of TMD is researched. Essentially, a TMD is a vibratory subsystem appended to a bigger scale host structure so as to lessen the dynamic reactions. The frequency of damper will tuned to essential structure's frequency, so when frequency is high, the damper will results to resonate out of phase along with structural movement. The objective of this work is to study the impact of TMD on the dynamic forces brought about by seismic tremor and wind excitations in standard just as unpredictable in tall RC building structures. For that three 22 story RC building structures are considered with a similar arrangement out of which one ordinary regular structure and the other two are irregular RC structures are demonstrated in Etabs. In irregular RC structures, Stiffness irregularity and torsional irregularity are considered. For assessing seismic and wind reactions of structures, time history analysis, and static analysis used, with and without the tuned mass damper in ETABS. The outcomes acquired from the investigation of three 22 story RC structures with and without tuned mass damper are compared

scholarly journals Reducing the conflict of interest in the optimal operation of reservoirs by linking mesohabitat hydraulic modeling and metaheuristic optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Sedighkia ◽  
Bithin Datta ◽  
Asghar Abdoli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Metaheuristic Optimization

Abstract The present study proposes a novel framework to optimize the reservoir operation through linking mesohabitat hydraulic modeling and metaheuristic optimization to mitigate environmental impact at downstream of the reservoir. Environmental impact function was developed by mesohabitat hydraulic simulation. Then, the developed function was utilized in the structure of the reservoir operation optimization. Different metaheuristic algorithms including practice swarm optimization, invasive weed optimization, differential evolution and biogeography-based algorithm were used to optimize reservoir operation. Root mean square error (RMSE) and reliability index were utilized to measure the performance of algorithms. Based on the results in the case study, the proposed method is robust for mitigating downstream environmental impacts and sustaining water supply by the reservoir. RMSE for mesohabitats is 8% that indicates the robustness of proposed method to mitigate environmental impacts at downstream. It seems that providing environmental requirements might reduce the reliability of water supply considerably. Differential evolution algorithm is the best method to optimize reservoir operation in the case study.

scholarly journals Experimental Behavior of Existing RC Columns Strengthened with HPFRC Jacket under Concentric and Eccentric Compressive Load

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Paolino Cassese ◽  
Costantino Menna ◽  
Antonio Occhiuzzi ◽  
Domenico Asprone
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Rc Columns ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Rc Building

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures built before the 1970 represent a large portion of the existing European buildings stock. Their obsolescence in terms of design criteria, materials, and functionality is becoming a critical issue for guaranteeing adequate compliance with current structural codes. Recently, a new jacketing system based on the use of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) has been introduced for strengthening existing RC building members. Despite the promising aspects of the HPFRC jacketing technique, currently, a comprehensive and systematic technical framework for its implementation is still missing. In this paper, the experimental performance of RC columns strengthened with the HPFRC jacket subjected to pure axial load and combined axial load-bending moment uncoupled from shear is investigated. The test outcomes confirmed a significant improvement of the structural performance for the strengthened columns, especially for higher values of eccentricity. Finally, a standard-based practice-oriented analytical tool for designing retrofit interventions using the HPFRC jacket is proposed. The comparison between the calculated and experimental results revealed a satisfactory prediction capability.

scholarly journals Analysis of strengthening procedures of reinforced concrete highway bridges: a brazilian case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
D. M. CARVALHO ◽  
J. M. F. CALIXTO
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Brazilian Case ◽  
Highway System

Abstract The Brazilian federal highway system is largely made up of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges built prior to 1984. Thus, these bridges have incompatible geometry and loading carrying capacity with nowadays traffic. In this scenario, the goal of this investigation was the evaluation of the widening and strengthening procedures used in these RC bridges. The study also includes comparing their performance with the respective new bridges built next to them, which received new highway lanes. This comparison is adequate, considering that, both bridges are inserted in the same environment, are subjected to the same traffic characteristics and have similar spans and structural systems. The results obtained allow us to know the effectiveness of the widening and strengthening interventions carried out, from the point of view of durability, contributing to the improvement of future rehabilitation design for reinforced concrete highway bridges.

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of the Parameter of Ductility of Reinforcing Steel on the Behaviour of Narrow Three-Span Reinforced Concrete Slabs from the Point of View of Experimental Investigations

2015 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Mirosław Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slabs

In the time of exploitation of building structures frequently situations do occur, in which due to failures they are exposed to much higher loads than originally predicted. The subject matter of the performed investigations and a numerical analysis are models of four narrow reinforced concrete slabs with the dimensions 7140×500×190 mm. The paper presents the results of the numerical analysis, the aim of which was to reflect and to provide detailed information about phenomena occurring in the course of laboratory tests. Numerical models were constructed according to the system ANSYS, applying volumetric elements SOLID65 and bars LINK8. In order to determine the relation σ-ε of steel an isotropic model of strengthening in the system ANSYS was used, constructed by Misses. The behaviour of concrete was represented by the material model Concrete. The parameters applied in the material models had been obtained in laboratory tests of the material. The paper quotes the results of calculations compared with the results obtained in laboratory tests.

HOW CLEARLY IS CAUSALITY COMMUNICATED IN EIA?

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANASTASSIOS PERDICOÚLIS ◽  
JOHN GLASSON
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Fundamental Notion ◽  
Study Material ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Environmental Impact Statements ◽  
The Uk

Causality, or the relation of cause and effect, is a fundamental notion in impact assessment, indicating how impacts arise from development actions. In the context of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), recent research in the UK has indicated that impact statements typically do not contain graphic expressions of causality. This article explores the extent to which causality about environmental impacts is described in the text of the Environmental Impact Statements (EIS). The analysis methodology employs two techniques, semantics analysis and transcription of the text into causal digraphs, while the case study material is sampled from ten recent UK and US impact statements. The research indicates in many cases that the communication of causality has faults such as uncertainty or absence of important information, and we highlight the implications for the practice of EIA.

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