scholarly journals Individualism and Egalitarianism Can Kill: How Cultural Values Predict Coronavirus Deaths Across the Globe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dominik Güss ◽  
Ma. Teresa Tuason
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Health Related ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Specific Health

While in some countries, many people have died due to the coronavirus (COVID-19), in other countries, only a few have died. Based on the cultural values theory, our first hypothesis was that in countries that are predominantly individualistic, the number of deaths will be high, whereas in countries with predominantly collectivist values, the number of deaths will be low. Our second hypothesis was that countries with high power distance and hierarchy will have fewer deaths compared to countries with low power distance and egalitarianism. The hypotheses were tested by referring to two different value studies (Hofstede's study of 76 countries and Schwartz's study of 75 countries) while also controlling for GDP per capita, Gini index, population density, median age per country, and BMI per country. Of the five control variables GDP and BMI significantly predicted coronavirus deaths. Taking into account GDP, Gini index, population density, median age, and BMI, hierarchical regression analyses confirmed the first hypothesis on individualism and the second hypothesis on egalitarianism. Therefore, in the case of this current pandemic, group-oriented and collectivist values and low egalitarianism values lead to specific health-related behaviors that ultimately keep more people alive.

scholarly journals The Cultural Factors in the MOOC Design in China from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 13201325
Author(s):  
Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Features

With their massiveness and openness, Moocs have become one of the most widespread and influential online learning forms, which leads to the fact that more and more designers with different cultural backgrounds are getting involved in the course design. As a result, the Mooc design such as the styles of the organization and presentation may correspondingly be influenced by cultural values of the designers, and then become barriers for learners. In order to locate the cultural influence reflected in the Mooc design in China, the introductory videos of three courses published on Coursera, which are designed by three well-known universities in China, are sampled for analysis from the aspects of power distance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity within the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The findings indicate that the cultural features of the high-power distance, collectivism and femininity have shown their influence on the designing of these courses.

Differential moderating effects of collectivistic and power distance orientations on the effectiveness of work motivators

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-665
Author(s):  
Jen-Shou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
High Power ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of power distance and collectivistic orientations on the effectiveness of intrinsic, extrinsic and reciprocal motivators in promoting employees’ willingness to cooperate for organizational interest. An integrated theoretical framework which incorporated cultural influence on need priority and on legitimacy of social exchange was established to develop the hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach This study used the methodology of information-integration theory to test the research hypotheses. Findings This study found that power distance orientation enhanced the effectiveness of extrinsic motivator but mitigated that of intrinsic motivator, and was irrelevant to that of reciprocal motivator. In contrast, collectivistic orientation mitigated the effectiveness of extrinsic motivator but enhanced that of reciprocal motivator, and was irrelevant to that of intrinsic motivator. Practical implications Managers may use reciprocal motivators for employees with high collectivism in order to increase their willingness to cooperate for the interest of the organization. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivators may be utilized for employees with high power distance but may not be as effective for those with low power distance. However, managers should not expect intrinsic motivators to be as attractive to those with high power distance as to those with low power distance. Originality/value By integrating multiple cultural orientations and multiple work motivators in one study, this research clarified the differential moderating effects of power distance and collectivistic orientations on the effectiveness of intrinsic, extrinsic and reciprocal motivators in promoting employees’ willingness to cooperate. Potential confounding problems in prior studies derived from the correlation between cultural values and coexistence of multiple motivators were discussed.

scholarly journals Association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy and behavioural intention to prevent echinococcosis among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateau in China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Yangzong Dawa ◽  
Kezhong A ◽  
Dejicuo ◽  
Lengbao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Specific Health

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease and has been a major worldwide public health problem. Although it is known that health literacy is closely related to health behaviours and health outcomes, few studies have paid attention to echinococcosis related health literacy. This study aims to examine the association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy (ES-HL) and behavioural intention to prevent echinococcosis (BIPE) among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateauin in China. Methods A cross-sectional study of 401 Tibetan herdsmen was conducted in Gande county of Qinghai Province, China. Participants were recruited from August to September 2018 and from February to March 2019. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure demographic information, ES-HL and BIPE. Hierarchical regression analysis was done to identify the factors associated with BIPE. Results In the hierarchical regression analysis, we entered age, sex, education level, marital state and family monthly income per capita into model 1 which explained a significant amount of variance in BIPE (Adjusted R2 change = 0.029, P = 0.006). Sex (β = − 0.125, P = 0.013) and family monthly income per capita (β = − 0.133, P = 0.009) were found to be associated with BIPE. Subsequently, the three factors of ES-HL were added to Model 1 to create Model 2. In Model 2, the two factors of ES-HL, perceived echinococcosis information support (β = 0.229, P < 0.001) and echinococcosis-specific self-management ability (β = 0.252, P < 0.001), were significantly associated with BIPE, while the information acquisition and evaluation ability factor (β =0.093, P = 0.089) was not found to be associated with BIPE. The model improved significantly when ES-HL was included (Model 2) explaining the 25.8% of variance of BIPE (Adjust R2 change =0.229, P < 0.001). Conclusions ES-HL is an important predictor of whether individuals take preventive actions against echinococcosis. An ES-HL promotion action project should be developed targeting specific populations to enhance the prevention of echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life is strongly associated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, loneliness, and stress in 14–15-year-old adolescents: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Timenes Mikkelsen ◽  
Kristin Haraldstad ◽  
Sølvi Helseth ◽  
Siv Skarstein ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background To enhance and better understand health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents, it is important to study factors associated with HRQOL. The present study aimed to assess possible associations between sociodemographic variables, self-efficacy, self-esteem, pain, sleep, loneliness, stress and HRQOL in 14 to 15-year-old adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 696 adolescents (14–15 years) in a school-based setting. Sociodemographic variables, self-efficacy, self-esteem, pain, sleep, loneliness and stress were analyzed. The variables were all assessed with well-validated instruments. HRQOL was analyzed using KIDSCREEN 27. Analyses included Chi-square, independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, linear regression analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. The results from linear regression models were expressed as standardized beta. Results The adolescents generally reported high levels of HRQOL. However, girls scored significantly worse on HRQOL, self-efficacy, self-esteem, pain, sleep, loneliness and stress compared to boys. Using hierarchical regression analyses we found that Self-efficacy (beta = 0.11–0.24), Self-esteem: (beta = 0.12–0.21), Loneliness: (beta = − 0.24 to − 0.45) and Stress: (beta = − 0.26 to − 0.34) revealed the strongest associations with the HRQOL dimensions. Sociodemographic-, pain- and sleep related covariates were all significantly associated with some of the KIDSCREEN subscales, however their effect on the outcome was smaller than for the psychosocial variables listed above. Being a girl, not living with both parents, not having both parents working, being absent from school more than 4 days, having pain and having lack of enough sleep were all independently negatively associated with HRQOL. Conclusions HRQOL is strongly associated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, loneliness and stress in 14 to 15-year-old adolescents. Our findings indicate that positive psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and self-esteem might play a buffer role for negative psychosocial factors (e.g. stress) in adolescents. Further, our results show that girls score significantly worse on factors that are associated to HRQOL compared to boys. To improve HRQOL in school-based populations of adolescents, we suggest that future interventions should aim to strengthen self-efficacy and self-esteem. We recommend gender specific interventions.

scholarly journals Carpoolers’ Perceived Accessibility of Carpooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8976
Author(s):  
Margareta Friman ◽  
Katrin Lättman ◽  
Lars E. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
Low Levels

In order to constitute a realistic option to existing travel modes, carpooling needs to be able to offer adequate levels of accessibility. Insights into how carpooling services affect perceived accessibility up until now remain unexplored. In this study we explore carpooling experiences of 122 users in Sweden and examine a number of possible determinants of the perceived accessibility of carpooling. Results show that carpooling is not perceived by the users as particularly accessible with low levels across the sample. Moreover, multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses show that simplicity of travel, population density, years of education, and school and work-trips appear to affect perceptions of accessibility of carpooling, whereas travel time and cost appear not to. The final model explains a third of the variance in perceived accessibility of carpooling, thus nearly two thirds of the variation is still unaccounted for. Future research should explore further possible determinants of perceived accessibility of carpooling in order to explain, understand, and counteract the low levels of accessibility that appear to be linked to this specific travel mode.

scholarly journals Relating Cultural Values with Opportunity Evaluation Evidence from India

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-24
Author(s):  
A. Banu Goktan ◽  
Alka Gupta ◽  
Subhendu Mukherjee ◽  
Vishal K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Opportunity Evaluation

The link between social interaction and entrepreneurial activity has attracted considerable attention in the entrepreneurship literature. In this study, we focus on individual cultural values, shaped by interactions in the social space, as they relate to opportunity evaluation, a cornerstone of the entrepreneurial process. We test our predictions in India, a non-Western society that has sustained one of the highest rates of entrepreneurial activity in the world. Our findings suggest that value orientation of high power distance is negatively associated with opportunity evaluation whereas uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and femininity are positively associated with opportunity evaluation.

scholarly journals Association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy and behavioral intention to prevent echinococcosis among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateau in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Yangzong Dawa ◽  
Cuo Deji ◽  
Bentai Deng ◽  
Bao Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Analysis ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Specific Health

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease. It has been an major worldwide health problem primarily affecting pastoral and poor rural communities with weak infrastructures, limited economic resources and poor sanitation. In general, the population in these poor areas has a low level of health literacy. This study aims to examine the association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy(ES-HL) and behavioral intention to prevent echinococcosis(BIPE) among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateauin in China. Methods A cross-sectional study of 401 Tibetan herdsmen was conducted in Gande country of Qinghai Province, China. Participants were recruited from August to September 2018 and from February to March 2019. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure demographic information, ES-HL and BIPE. Hierarchical regression analysis was done to identify the factors associated with BIPE. Results In the hierarchical regression analysis, we entered age, sex, education level, marital state and family monthly income per capita into model 1 which explained a significant amount of variance in BIPE (Adjusted R2 change = 0.029, P = 0.006), and sex(β= -0.125, P = 0.013) and family monthly income per capita(β= -0.133, P = 0.009) were found to be associated with BIPE. Then three factors of ES-HL was added to Model 1 to create Model 2. In Model 2, the two factors of ES-HL, perceived echinococcosis information support (β = 0.229, P < 0.001) and echinococcosis-specific self-management ability (β = 0.252, P < 0.001), were significantly associated with BIPE, while the information acquisition and evaluation ability factor (β = 0.093, P = 0.089) was not found to be associated with BIPE. The model improved significantly when ES-HL was included (Model 2) explaining 25.8% of variance of BIPE(Adjust R2 change = 0.229, P < 0.001) Conclusions ES-HL is an important predictor of whether individuals take preventive actions against echinococcosis. ES-HL promotion action project should be developed aiming at different target population to enhance some of the specific abilities needed to prevent echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Impact of behavioral integrity on organizational identification

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Erkutlu ◽  
Jamel Chafra
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Behavioral Integrity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leader’s behavioral integrity and employees’ organizational identification as well as to test the moderating roles of power distance and organizational politics on that relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data encompass 969 employees from 19 five-star hotels in Turkey. The relationship between behavioral integrity and organizational identification and the moderating roles of power distance and organizational politics on that relationship were tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and moderated hierarchical regression analyses. Findings The PLS-SEM and moderated hierarchical regression analyses results reveal that there was a significant positive relationship between leader’s behavioral integrity and employees’ organizational identification. In addition, the positive relationship between behavioral integrity and organizational identification was weaker when both power distance and organizational politics were higher compared to that when they were lower. Practical implications This study showed that leader’s behavioral integrity enhanced employees’ organizational identification. Leaders need to show the perceived alignment between their words and deeds and strive to form high quality leader–follower exchanges to create a trust-based culture that satisfies the necessary affective and cognitive components required for trust formation. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that perceived organizational politics weakened employees’ identification with their organizations. Organizational practices and policies, especially human resource practices, should be carefully designed and implemented as to prevent organizational politics, an important source of employee dissatisfaction and distrust. Originality/value The study provides new insights into the influence that leader’s behavioral integrity may have on employees’ organizational identification and the moderating roles of power distance and organizational politics in the link between behavioral integrity and employees’ identification with their organizations. This paper also offers a practical assistance to employees in the hospitality industry and their leaders interested in fostering organizational identification and lowering perceived organizational politics.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

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