scholarly journals Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Higgins ◽  
John Zablocki ◽  
Amy Newsock ◽  
Andras Krolopp ◽  
Phillip Tabas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Ecosystem Protection ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Protection Goals

Long-term protection is needed to secure threatened freshwater ecosystems and the social and biodiversity values they provide. In the face of existing and future pressures, current approaches to freshwater protection are often inadequate for maintaining ecosystem values into the future. While terrestrial and marine ecosystem protection are well recognized and have area-based protection goals in global conventions, freshwater ecosystem characteristics have remained poorly represented in these goals. Freshwater ecosystems are commonly secondary or unaddressed components of area-based terrestrial protection. The design and management for terrestrial-based protection are generally inadequate for addressing freshwater ecosystem processes and attributes critical for maintaining their natural patterns and the values they provide to people and nature. Given that freshwater-dependent species are declining at a faster rate than marine and terrestrial species, and the reliance and use of freshwater ecosystems by people living around such areas, approaches to protect them must balance the needs of people and nature and accommodate these complexities.

Saudi subsidy reforms unlikely to spark major protests

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Economic Outlook

Subject Political impact of subsidy reform. Significance Saudi Arabia introduced its first major cut to energy subsidies in January, leading to a rise in petrol, diesel, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity prices. Further cuts will be necessary to avert a fiscal crisis -- but with cheap energy seen as a basic part of the social contract between the government and the population, such measures are expected to have wide-reaching political repercussions. Impacts A decision to reverse subsidy cuts in the face of protest would undercut government credibility and reduce the prospect of further reforms. Yet persisting with subsidy reforms could damage government legitimacy and political capital among the youth and lower classes. Successful reforms will improve the long-term economic outlook, and the succession prospects of Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

scholarly journals The Social Media Experiences of Long-term Patients: Illness, Identity, and Participation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brita Ytre-Arne
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Identity Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Abstract The present article investigates the meanings of social media use for long-term patients, focusing on a group of Norwegian bloggers diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). This severe illness can confine patients to their homes for long periods of time, drastically reducing possibilities to participate on most social arenas and leaving Internet use as a rare opportunity for connection with the outside world. A qualitative analysis of interviews with ME bloggers investigates the meanings of social media use in this particular situation. Drawing on perspectives from research on patients’ Internet use, this phenomenon is analysed as management of identity narratives in the face of illness. However, the article further argues that the concept of participation provides a relevant supplementary perspective that highlights the societal and political relevance of these practices.

Area-based Responses to Educational Disadvantage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Kerr ◽  
Alan Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Educational Disadvantage ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Post Industrial

Countries across the world struggle to break the relationship between socio-economic disadvantage and educational outcomes. Even in otherwise affluent countries, children and young people from poor and marginalized families tend to do badly in education, and their lack of educational success makes it more likely that they will remain in poverty as adults. Moreover, socio-economic disadvantage and educational failure in these countries tend to be concentrated in particular places, such as the poor neighborhoods of large cities or of post-industrial towns. This has led policy-makers and practitioners in many administrations to favor area-based initiatives (ABIs), which target such places, as one set of responses to social and educational disadvantage. Some ABIs are limited to funding schools more generously in disadvantaged areas or giving them additional support and flexibilities. The more ambitious initiatives, however, seek to develop multistrand interventions to tackle both the educational and the social and economic problems of areas simultaneously. The evaluation evidence suggests that these initiatives have so far met with limited success at best. This has led some critics to conclude that there is a fundamental contradiction in their use of purely local interventions to tackle problems that originate outside ABIs’ target areas, in macro-level social and economic processes. However, it is possible to construct a convincing rationale for these initiatives by understanding the social ecologies that shape children’s outcomes, and by formulating holistic interventions aimed at reducing the risks in those ecologies and enhancing children’s resilience in the face of those risks. There is, moreover, evidence of a new generation of ABIs that has begun to emerge recently. These new ABIs are able to operate strategically and over the long-term, rather than being bound by the short-term nature of policy-making. These newer initiatives may offer a better prospect of tackling the link between social and educational disadvantage, even in unpromising economic circumstances, and even within the context of “politics as usual.”

scholarly journals Prospects for Gulf of Mexico Environmental Recovery and Restoration

Oceanography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Denis Wiesenburg ◽  
◽  
Bob Shipp ◽  
Joel Fodrie ◽  
Sean Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
Starting Point

Previous oil spills provide clear evidence that ecosystem restoration efforts are challenging, and recovery can take decades. Similar to the Ixtoc-I well blowout in 1979, the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was enormous both in volume of oil spilled and duration, resulting in environmental impacts from the deep ocean to the Gulf of Mexico coastline. Data collected during the National Resource Damage Assessment showed significant damage to coastal areas (especially marshes), marine organisms, and deep-sea habitat. Previous spills have shown that disparate regions recover at different rates, with especially long-term effects in salt marshes and deep-sea habitat. Environmental recovery and restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico are dependent upon fundamental knowledge of ecosystem processes in the region. Post-DWH research data provide a starting point for better understanding baselines and ecosystem processes. It is imperative to use the best science available to fully understand DWH environmental impacts and determine the appropriate means to ameliorate those impacts through restoration. Filling data gaps will be necessary to make better restoration decisions, and establishing new baselines will require long-term studies. Future research, especially via NOAA’s RESTORE Science Program and its state-based Centers of Excellence, should provide a path to understanding the potential for restoration and recovery of this vital marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Behavioral and physiological evidence that increasing group size ameliorates the impacts of social disturbance

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (14) ◽  
pp. jeb217075
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Anderson ◽  
Alexander G. Little ◽  
David N. Fisher ◽  
Brendan L. McEwen ◽  
Brett M. Culbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Group Stability ◽  
Physiological Evidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Group Member

ABSTRACTIntra-group social stability is important for the long-term productivity and health of social organisms. We evaluated the effect of group size on group stability in the face of repeated social perturbations using a cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher. In a laboratory study, we compared both the social and physiological responses of individuals from small versus large groups to the repeated removal and replacement of the most dominant group member (the breeder male), either with a new male (treatment condition) or with the same male (control condition). Individuals living in large groups were overall more resistant to instability but were seemingly slower to recover from perturbation. Members of small groups were more vulnerable to instability but recovered faster. Breeder females in smaller groups also showed greater physiological preparedness for instability following social perturbations. In sum, we discover both behavioral and physiological evidence that living in larger groups helps to dampen the impacts of social instability in this system.

Street-corner society and everyday politics in the Beijing hutong

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Audin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Street Corner

This chapter studies the politics of everyday life and social change in the Beijing hutong (胡同) through an ethnographic lens. Unlike the political experience of the urban middle class in new housing compounds, the hutong presents specific localized power configurations inherited from a long-term evolution of everyday social interactions with the urban fabric. Coping with the alteration of the social fabric – the loss of local references in the face of growing anonymity – hutong residents invent tactics of resistance through discrete ‘arts of making’ to resist the biopolitics of urban redevelopment, while at the same time, participate in the official, state-led, neighbourhood political life in the context of growing anonymity.

scholarly journals Behavioral and physiological evidence that increasing group size ameliorates the impacts of social disturbance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Anderson ◽  
Alexander G. Little ◽  
David N. Fisher ◽  
Brendan L. McEwen ◽  
Brett M. Culbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Group Stability ◽  
Physiological Evidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Large Groups

ABSTRACTIntra-group social stability is important for the long-term productivity and health of social organisms. We evaluated the effect of group size on group stability in the face of repeated social perturbations using a cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher. In a laboratory study, we compared both the social and physiological responses of individuals from small versus large groups to the repeated removal and replacement of the most dominant group member (the breeder male). Individuals living in large groups were overall more resistant to instability but were seemingly slower to recover from perturbation. Members of small group were more vulnerable to instability but recovered faster. Breeder females in smaller groups also showed greater physiological preparedness for instability following social perturbations. In sum, we recover both behavioral and physiological evidence that living in larger groups helps to dampen the impacts of social instability in this system.Summary StatementSocial stability is vital for group productivity and long-term persistence. Here, both behavioral and physiological evidence conveys that larger groups are less susceptible to social disturbance.

scholarly journals De demes van Attica en Peloponnesische oorlog

1970 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Amber Brüsewitz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

How did rural communities cope with the devastations of war in the pre-modern world?While the political context of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) has received considerableattention, this project seeks to examine the resilience of the rural communities ofAttica in the face of the social and economic impact of the war. Epigraphical evidenceand archaeological remains indicate that the traditional view that the countryside of Atticawas depleted as a direct consequence of the war, needs to be questioned. Applying amultidisciplinary approach, this research project will investigate the long-term resilienceof the countryside communities (demes). Analyzing the historical sources and archaeologicalremains of the period 450-350 BCE, this project aims at tracing the resilience ofthe Attic demes outside of Athens by examining how they found ways to sustain and resettheir community lives.

Romania will target business in search of revenue

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Wage Increases

Subject Romanian government policy in a slowing economy. Significance Economic developments have allowed the senior coalition party, the Social Democrats, to claim a measure of success in the last few years, despite acute cabinet instability and controversial judicial reforms. However, growth is widely expected to slow in 2019. Despite upbeat projections in the budget, passed belatedly and in the face of presidential opposition in mid-March, the government is struggling to fund ambitious wage increases, as the budget deficit comes perilously close to breaching EU limits. Impacts The banking and energy sectors are bearing the brunt of interventionist policies. Legal instability could damage investment. Long-term underinvestment in infrastructure and lack of institutional modernisation will become more evident and difficult to tolerate.

scholarly journals Home rule and natural gas development in New York: civil fracking rights

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Simonelli
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Action ◽  
New York State ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
The Social ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the way community understanding of the impact and infrastructure associated with hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has translated into social action within the social, political, and ecological context of rural New York State, USA. How have residents confronted the boom-bust development of fracking, in the face of both actual drilling and the construction of supporting energy infrastructure? What avenues are open to residents as they plan for the long term sustainability of townships? Finally, on the level of both energy and rural development: if not gas, then what? This paper uses both actual and virtual interviews and oral histories to provide a case study of a struggle for environmental justice amidst conflicting visions and experiences of rural life in one New York region.Key words: fracking, home rule, New York, social movements , Zapatistas

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