scholarly journals The Effect of Biogas Slurry Application on Biomass Production and Forage Quality of Lolium Multiflorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Wenzhi Xu ◽  
Yongqun Zhu ◽  
Xie Wang ◽  
Lei Ji ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

The development of ecological circular agriculture has been highly encouraged to recycle agricultural wastes, reduce mineral fertilizer input, and protect the environment. Biogas slurry (BS), a by-product of biogas production generated from anaerobic digestion of animal waste and crop residues, is often considered a substitute to reduce mineral fertilizer input. Being a cheap source of organic matter and plant nutrients, its application may improve soil fertility and yield quality and quantity. The field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to study the plant growth responses and forage quality by applying biogas slurry to replace chemical synthetic fertilizer (CSF). Results revealed that biogas slurry combination with chemical synthetic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) improved the growth of Italian ryegrass on treatment with T2, and the Italian ryegrass dry matter was increased by more than 9.00%, while the stem-to-leaf ratio was decreased by more than 12% (second cutting), in comparison with only chemical synthetic fertilizer group. In the case of forage quality, the crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) content had a significant difference was observed between the T0 and T2 treatment group. Compare with the chemical synthetic fertilizer group, the CP content improved by 10.35%, and the CF content decreased about 10.00%. Based on these results, it was concluded that the application of 37.5 kg/ha CSF + 100.5 t/ha BS could improve the production of biomass and forage quality in Italian ryegrass.

Influence of organic sources of nutrients on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) as an intercrop in coconut garden

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Maheswarappa, V. Krishnakumar, ◽  
Alka Gupta, A. Geetha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vigorous Growth

<p>Performance of vanilla, as influenced by organic source of nutrition when grown as intercrop in coconut garden, was studied in sandy loam soil at ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala for seven years. Field experiments were carried out with different sources of organic manures, recommended NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. Application of cow dung slurry (6 tonnes ha<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in vigorous growth of vine (vine length of 5.5 m) and higher number of beans per vine (208) and a significantly higher mean fresh yield of bean (1.87 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>). Application of vermicompost (5 kg plant<sup>-1</sup>) + biofertilizers (<em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Azospirillum</em>) and vermiwash were on par and recorded mean fresh yield of 1.47 kg vine<sup>-1</sup> and 1.30 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Control treatment without fertilizer application recorded significantly lower fresh bean yield (0.55 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>) due to lower number of beans per vine (72 nos.).  In the rhizosphere of vanilla, no significant difference for either bacterial or actinomycetes population was noticed among the treatments. The fungal population differed significantly among the treatments and the highest population level was found with application of biogas slurry (62.1x10<sup>3</sup>cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil), which was on par with application of cow dung slurry (59x10<sup>3</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil). Among the function specific microbial communities, the highest population of  P-solubilisers (98x10<sup>3</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil) was recorded in the biogas slurry treatment, and it was the lowest in control and vermiwash application treatments. The average coconut yield realized during experimental period(2004-05 to 2009-10) was 136 nuts per palm, recording 53 per cent increase in yield compared to pre-experimental yield (89 nuts per palm). </p>

scholarly journals Effects of organic fertilizers via quick artificial decomposition on crop growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemiao Ma ◽  
Haixiao Li ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Cunshou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Biological Wastes

AbstractApplying organic matters into the soil would help to improve soil quality and sustain crop production. In addition, the small molecular organic matters could be active in influencing soil nutrient cycling and crop development. Thus, this study has firstly induced a new technology of quick artificial decomposition to produce fertilizers containing small molecular organic compounds from crop residues and other biological wastes. The fertilizers were produced via the quick artificial decomposition from biological wastes. The small organic species in the fertilizers were identified by the LC–MS. Field experiments of kiwifruit were conducted to test the effects of fertilizers. In total, 341 species of small organic matters have been determined in the produced fertilizers. The results showed that the organic fertilizers could significantly increase the yields of kiwifruit by 15.2% in contrast with mineral fertilizer treatments. Whereas, the organic fertilizers could enhance the contents of nutritive components in kiwifruits. These results proved that the organic fertilizers containing more small organic matter could be more efficient in promoting crop production.

scholarly journals 411 Effect of Compost and Mineral Fertilizer Applications on the Sensory Quality of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 464A-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Radovich ◽  
C.G. Cavaletto ◽  
H.R. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Compost Application

The sensory quality of fresh basil (cv. Sweet Italian) was evaluated to determine if compost or mineral fertilizer applications affected flavor and aroma intensity. The four treatments, arranged in a randomized complete-block design with three replications, were: compost applied at 50 t·ha–1; compost applied at 200 t·ha–1; mineral N applied at 110 kg·ha–1; and a control receiving no amendment. Leaves from the first four nodes of young shoots were used in the evaluation. Twelve trained panel members scored samples of three leaves from each treatment for aroma and flavor intensity using a linear scale, converted to a scale of 1–10 where 1 = much less intense than a reference sample (control), and 10 = much more intense than the reference. No significant difference between treatments was found in flavor intensity. Significant difference between treatments in aroma intensity was found. Aroma scores were highest in samples from the compost and synthetic fertilizer treatments, and lowest in those from the control. Scores for aroma from the compost and synthetic fertilizer treatments were similar to each other. Aroma intensity increased with increased rate of compost application. No significant correlation was found between aroma intensity and plant tissue N content, sap NO3– levels, or yield.

scholarly journals CO-DIGESTION OF KITCHEN WASTE WITH INTESTINAL COW DUNG FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
JU Udensi ◽  
CC Ejiogu ◽  
HO Okafor ◽  
CN Uyo ◽  
KM Iwuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Anaerobic digestion process is gaining attention in the agriculture industry because of its potential for renewable energy production and manure stabilization. These potential benefits are significant against the current backdrop of rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns. Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occurring process through which organic matter such as manure, feed spills, meat processing wastes and crop residues are stabilized by microorganisms strictly in the absence of air. In developing countries, the inadequate management of waste particularly in urban areas where the consumption pattern have changed and the generation rate increased substantially from one location to another and from time to time. This study explored the production of biogas from kitchen wastes mixed with intestinal cow dung in a semi continuous anaerobic digester. Materials used as feed were Paw Paw, tomato, banana peels and intestinal cow dung. Various parameters were determined using standard methods; water displacement method was used to determine the volume of gas produced. The combustibility of the gas generated was tested using Bunsen burner. Microbiological methods were employed for the microbiological analysis. The temperature and pH recorded in the digester range from 27-33oC and 0-6.81c respectively. It was observed that the waste slurry produced biogas without nutrient or chemical addition to the digester. The highest volume of gas (2.8ml) was produced on the 14th day where the temperature (29oC) and pH (6.79) were relatively high. The result of the statistical analysis showed there is significant difference (P<0.05) in the slurry temperature and pH as compared to the volume of gas produced. The Bacteria isolates identified from the digester include Proteus Spp, Bacillus Spp, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Spp and Staphyllococcus Spp. Based on this, the search for alternative source of Energy such as Biogas should be intensified so as to curb the incidence of ecological disasters like Environmental pollution, deforestation, desertification and erosion.

scholarly journals Assessment of gross calorific value of crop and bio-energy residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Jóvér János ◽  
Antal Károly ◽  
Zsembeli József ◽  
Blaskó Lajos ◽  
Tamás János
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
By Products

This study assessed the gross calorific values (GCV) of crop and bio-energy residues. In addition, it assessed the calorific values of sweet sorghum to clarify its potential as energy crop in the region. Furthermore, it statistically analysed the ash remaining after burning three bio-energy residues, bagasse, oil cakes and fermented sludge of biogas production, to identify their potential for agricultural use. Finally, the study calculated alkali content based on nutrient content and GCVs. Significant differences were found among the GCVs of the investigated materials. Among the crop residues, the least significant difference (LSD) (P ≤ 0.05) of the calorimetric values was 76.26 kJ/kg, and among the by-products of bio-energy production, it was 20.80 kJ/kg. Significant differences were also found in nutrient content. In the case of the alkali content of bio-energy residues, the LSD was 0.04 kJ·kg<sup>–1</sup>. For the bagasse and compost, the study recommends some technical operations to avoid slagging.

Lowland Rice Yield as Affected by Straw Incorporation and Inorganic Fertilizer Over Cropping Seasons in Fluvisol

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Brahima Koné ◽  
Zadi Florent ◽  
Gala bi Trazié Jeremie ◽  
Akassimadou Edja Fulgence ◽  
Konan Kouamé Firmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Fertilizer Effect

Grain yield stabilization of lowland rice over cropping seasons was explored using different compositions of inorganic fertilizers (NPK, NPKCa, NPKMg, NPKZn, NPKCaMg, NPKCaZn and NPKCaMgZn) and straw incorporation (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 tha-1 ). No fertilizer and no straw amended plot was the control in a split-plot design with three replications laid in a Fluvisol of Guinea savanna in Centre Cote d’Ivoire. Three weeks old nursery rice variety NERICA L19 was transplanted. No significant difference of grain yield was observed between the different treatments excluding the highest yields recorded for treatments NPKMg (5.09 tha-1 ), NPKZn (5.15 tha-1 ) and NPKCaéMg (5.31 tha-1 ) compared with 12 (3.95 tha1 ) and 15 tha-1 (4.14 tha-1 ) as straw rates respectively. Grain yield declining trend was more pronounced for mineral fertilizer treatments showing twice greater depressive effect of cropping cycle compared with the straw especially, for treatments characterized by highest grain yield in the first cropping season and similar grain yields were recorded for both sources of nutrient in the third cropping cycle. Of slowness of nutrients releasing by straw, highest grain yield was expected for this soil amender within a longer period of cultivation whereas, unbalance soil micronutrients should be relevant to studious declining yield under inorganic fertilizer effect. Nevertheless, the straw rate of 12 tha-1 supplying 0.58% of NPK as mineral fertilizer equivalent can be recommended for sustaining lowland rice production in the studied agro-ecosystems unless for three cropping seasons.

Protection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings from salinity stress following seed priming with L-methionine and casein hydrolysate

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Keum-Ah Lee ◽  
Youngnam Kim ◽  
Hossein Alizadeh ◽  
David W.M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

Abstract Seed priming with water (hydropriming or HP) has been shown to be beneficial for seed germination and plant growth. However, there is little information on the effects of seed priming with amino acids and casein hydrolysate (CH) compared with HP, particularly in relation to early post-germinative seedling growth under salinity stress. In this study, Italian ryegrass seeds (Lolium multiflorum L.) were primed with 1 mM of each of the 20 protein amino acids and CH (200 mg l−1) before they were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl in Petri dishes for 4 d in darkness. Germination percentage (GP), radicle length (RL) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings were investigated. Generally, when the seeds were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl, there was no significant difference in GP of seeds among various priming treatments, except that a higher GP was observed in seeds of HP treatment compared with the non-primed seeds when incubated in 60 mM NaCl. When incubated in 60 and 90 mM NaCl, seedlings from seeds primed with L-methionine or CH exhibited greater RL (greater protection against salinity stress) and higher root POD activity than those from non-primed and hydro-primed seeds. Under salinity stress, there were higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings, a marker of oxidative stress, but seed priming with CH was effective in reducing the salinity-triggered increase in MDA content. These results suggest that priming with L-methionine or CH would be better than HP for the protection of seedling root growth under salinity stress and might be associated with enhanced antioxidative defence against salinity-induced oxidative stress.

Effects of potassium and sodium application to soil on growth and cation accumulation of herbage

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
GN Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pasture Plants

The effects of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) applications to soil on growth and cation accumulation of herbage were investigated in pot and field experiments. The application of K to K-deficient soil was more efficient at increasing growth than was the application of Na; however, at suboptimal K availability, yield was increased by Na application. Growth responses to Na were restricted when the soil contained insufficient K to satisfy the minimum K requirement of pasture plants. The Na concentration of herbage was markedly reduced by K applications, whereas Na had little effect on K uptake. It was found that an application of Na to soil containing a low level of Na raised the Na concentration of herbage sufficiently to satisfy animal needs. Both K and Na reduced the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentration of herbage, although Na was less inhibitive than an equivalent amount of K. The decline in Ca and Mg in plant tissue with increasing concentrations of soil K and Na was exponential and, as the decline approached the asymptotic concentration, further increases in soil K and Na had only a small effect on Ca and Mg uptake. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Growth responses of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev to sheep saliva after defoliation

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Teng ◽  
Lei Ba ◽  
Deli Wang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Jushan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Leaf Weight

Many studies indicated that saliva from herbivores might be involved in plant growth responses when plants have been grazed. However, there is currently no general agreement on whether saliva can affect plant growth. Our aims were to determine the growth response of plants to sheep saliva after defoliation under diverse environmental conditions (different sward structures), and whether the effect of saliva is influenced by time (duration) after its application. We conducted field experiments with clipping treatments and the application of sheep saliva to the damaged parts of tillers to simulate sheep grazing on the perennial grass Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev during the early growing seasons. Results demonstrated that clipping with saliva application significantly increased tiller numbers 8 weeks after treatments in comparison with clipping alone. A key finding is that the effect of sheep saliva on plant growth was short-lived. Clipping with saliva application increased leaf weight in the second week, while clipping alone had no effect. Moreover, clipping with saliva application promoted the elongation of new leaves (not the old ones) in the first week whereas clipping alone was ineffective. Results also showed that there were no differences between clipping with saliva application and clipping alone for relative height growth rate and aboveground biomass. Therefore, we concluded that saliva application to clipping treatment would produce an additional effect compared to clipping alone for the plant and the positive effects are time dependent. The additional effects primarily embodied in the individual level of plant, such as the changes of leaf weight and leaf length. Beyond the level, the effects of saliva only produced many more tiller numbers rather than the accumulation of aboveground biomass.

scholarly journals Crop residues on short-term CO2 emissions in sugarcane production areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana M. Corradi ◽  
Alan R. Panosso ◽  
Marcílio V. Martins Filho ◽  
Newton La Scala Junior
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Production Areas

The proper management of agricultural crop residues could produce benefits in a warmer, more drought-prone world. Field experiments were conducted in sugarcane production areas in the Southern Brazil to assess the influence of crop residues on the soil surface in short-term CO2 emissions. The study was carried out over a period of 50 days after establishing 6 plots with and without crop residues applied to the soil surface. The effects of sugarcane residues on CO2 emissions were immediate; the emissions from residue-covered plots with equivalent densities of 3 (D50) and 6 (D100) t ha-1 (dry mass) were less than those from non-covered plots (D0). Additionally, the covered fields had lower soil temperatures and higher soil moisture for most of the studied days, especially during the periods of drought. Total emissions were as high as 553.62 ± 47.20 g CO2 m-2, and as low as 384.69 ± 31.69 g CO2 m-2 in non-covered (D0) and covered plot with an equivalent density of 3 t ha-1 (D50), respectively. Our results indicate a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, indicating conservation of soil carbon over the short-term period following the application of sugarcane residues to the soil surface.

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