Durability Behavior of Mortars Containing Perlite Tailings: Alkali–Silicate Reaction Viewpoint

Tailing incorporation into mortars has been the subject of much research in recent years. Despite this, most of these studies did not investigate the harmful effects resulting from the exposure of such mortars to an environment containing aggressive agents. This work investigated the effects of perlite tailing addition into mortars containing cement CP V-ARI MAX and hydrated lime. The raw materials were subjected to chemical characterization (X-ray fluorescence (XRF)) and mineralogical (X-ray diffraction (XRD)), while the samples immersed in 1 N NaOH solution were characterized by XRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compression strength (CS). The results showed the harmful effects of incorporating perlite tailings into the mortar investigated. Such a degradation was proven by linear expansion and compressive strength experiments accomplished in the samples after the test of resistance to an alkali–silicate reaction.

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Use of Fly Ash and Cu-Slag from Mexico to Make Alkali Cements and Hybrid Cements

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2016.8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1813 ◽

Author(s):

M. Rendón Belmonte ◽

A. Palomo Sánchez ◽

A. Fernández Jiménez ◽

A. Torres Acosta ◽

M. Martínez Madrid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Copper Slag ◽

Reaction Products ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThis paper focus on evaluating the ability to use Mexican fly ash (FA) and copper slag (CS) to produce alkali cements (0% OPC) or hybrid cements (20% OPC + 80% fly ash). The alkali activators used were two: 8 M NaOH solution for alkali cements and NaCl with sodium silicate for hybrid cement (HYC). Results of mechanical testing and characterization of the reaction products formed after 2 and 28 days are presented and discussed. Mechanical strength in some cases exceeded 20 MPa, at 2 days curing. The chemical characterization techniques used were X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Characterization of Limestone as Raw Material to Hydrated Lime

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183402042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 02042 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajeb Salem Hwidi ◽

Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar ◽

Farah Naemah Mohd Saad

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Raw Material ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

X Ray ◽

Main Chemical Composition ◽

The Difference

In Malaysia, limestone is essentially important for the economic growth as raw materials in the industry sector. Nevertheless, a little attention was paid to the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of the limestone using X-ray fluorescence (X-RF), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) respectively. Raw materials (limestone rocks) were collected from Bukit Keteri area, Chuping, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. Lab crusher and lab sieved were utilized to prepare five different size of ground limestone at (75 µm, 150 µm, 225 µm, 300, and 425 µm) respectively. It is found that the main chemical composition of bulk limestone was Calcium oxide (CaO) at 97.58 wt.% and trace amount of MnO, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 at 0.02%, 0.35%, and 0.396% respectively. XRD diffractograms showed characteristic peaks of calcite and quartz. Furthermore, main FTIR absorption bands at 1,419, 874.08 and 712.20 cm-1 indicated the presence of calcite. The micrographs showed clearly the difference of samples particle size. Furthermore, EDS peaks of Ca, O, and C elements confirmed the presence of CaCO3 in the samples.

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Waste and Solar Energy: An Eco-Friendly Way for Glass Melting

ChemEngineering ◽

10.3390/chemengineering5020016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Isabel Padilla ◽

Maximina Romero ◽

José I. Robla ◽

Aurora López-Delgado

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glass Melting ◽

Glass Network ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Concentrated Solar Energy ◽

Calcium Source ◽

The Aluminum Industry

In this work, concentrated solar energy (CSE) was applied to an energy-intensive process such as the vitrification of waste with the aim of manufacturing glasses. Different types of waste were used as raw materials: a hazardous waste from the aluminum industry as aluminum source; two residues from the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell) and dolomite ore as calcium source; quartz sand was also employed as glass network former. The use of CSE allowed obtaining glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system at exposure time as short as 15 min. The raw materials, their mixtures, and the resulting glasses were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The feasibility of combining a renewable energy, as solar energy and different waste for the manufacture of glasses, would highly contribute to circular economy and environmental sustainability.

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New Insights into the Crystal Chemistry of Elpidite, Na2Zr[Si6O15]·3H2O and (Na1+YCax□1−X−Y)Σ=2Zr[Si6O15]·(3−X)H2O, and Ab Initio Modeling of IR Spectra

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2160

Author(s):

Alexander Bogdanov ◽

Ekaterina Kaneva ◽

Roman Shendrik

Keyword(s):

Ir Spectra ◽

Structural Models ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Special Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

Radioactive Species

Elpidite belongs to a special group of microporous zirconosilicates, which are of great interest due to their capability to uptake various molecules and ions, e.g., some radioactive species, in their structural voids. The results of a combined electron probe microanalysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the crystals of elpidite from Burpala (Russia) and Khan-Bogdo (Mongolia) deposits are reported. Some differences in the chemical compositions are observed and substitution at several structural positions within the structure of the compounds are noted. Based on the obtained results, a detailed crystal–chemical characterization of the elpidites under study was carried out. Three different structure models of elpidite were simulated: Na2ZrSi6O15·3H2O (related to the structure of Russian elpidite), partly Ca-replaced Na1.5Ca0.25ZrSi6O15·2.75H2O (close to elpidite from Mongolia), and a hypothetical CaZrSi6O15·2H2O. The vibration spectra of the models were obtained and compared with the experimental one, taken from the literature. The strong influence of water molecule vibrations on the shape of IR spectra of studied structural models of elpidite is discussed in the paper.

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Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11030232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽

Eduardo Garzón ◽

Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽

George N. Angelopoulos ◽

Dolores Eliche-Quesada

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Mining Wastes ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

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Facile Solid State Method Route Synthesis and Enhance Visible Light Activities of BiVO4 by Doping Co

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 703 ◽

pp. 316-320

Author(s):

Hai Feng Chen ◽

Jing Ling Hu ◽

Bing Xu

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Visible Light ◽

Catalytic Effect ◽

Catalytic Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Solid State Method ◽

Illumination Time ◽

X Ray ◽

State Method

Using NH4VO3, Bi (NO3)3•5H2O and Co (NO3)2•6H2O as raw materials, Co doped BiVO4 (Co/BiVO4) photocatalysts were successfully prepared by solid state method. And the photo catalytic properties were test in this work. Crystal structures of these samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Methyl Orange (MO) was simulated as the sewage under the visible light to explorer the influence of the illumination time and the mass of photocatalyst. The visible-light absorption spectrum of BiVO4 was broadening with doping Co. It was found that the Co/BiVO4 had higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4 .The reason of enhanced catalytic effect also had been analyzed and discussed in the article.

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The Roman Ceramics of Salobrena (Granada-Spain) and their Raw Materials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-267-627 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

Author(s):

Ana M De Andres ◽

Isabel MuÑOZ

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Third Century ◽

Western Coast ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

The Third ◽

Good Number ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTNineteen roman ceramic sherds found near Salobreña (Granada, Spain), in the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea, as well as different ceramic clays from the surroundingsare studied. Both clays and ceramic sherds are characterizad by X-ray diffraction and spectrometry, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron and optical microscopies. A good number of the ceramic pieces, among which some “Terrae Sigillatae”, have a composition similar to that of the local clays and, thus, have been probably manufactured at Salobreña. Only a few of them have a foreign origin. For most of them, the firing temperature was about 800-850 °C, although some have been produced at 900-1000 °C, and some others at 1000-1100 °C. It is concluded that Salobreña appearsto have been an important settlement just in the third century of the Christian era.

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Magnetic Properties of Bulk Zn0.95-XMnXFe0.05O2 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and Subsequent Hot Pressing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.356 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 268-270 ◽

pp. 356-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Song Lin ◽

C. H. Wen ◽

Liang He

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Secondary Phase ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Doped Zno

Mn, Fe doped ZnO powders (Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2, x≤0.05) were synthesized by an ameliorated sol-gel method, using Zn(CH3COO)2, Mn(CH3COO)2and FeCl2as the raw materials, with the addition of vitamin C as a kind of chemical reducer. The resulting powder was subsequently compacted under pressure of 10 MPa at the temperature of 873K in vacuum. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2powder and bulk samples have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study chemical valence of manganese, iron and zinc in the samples. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O (x≤0.05) samples were single phase with the ZnO-like wurtzite structure. No secondary phase was found in the XRD spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Fe and Mn existed in Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2samples in Fe2+and Mn2+states. The results of VSM experiment proved the room temperature ferromagnetic properties (RTFP) of Mn, Fe co-doped ZnO samples.

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Influence of the Residue of Casting by Lost Wax in the Modulus of Elasticity and Porosity of Concretes

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.343 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 805 ◽

pp. 343-349

Author(s):

Carine F. Machado ◽

Weber G. Moravia

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Cement Matrix ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Hardened State ◽

Material Powder

This work evaluated the influence of additions of the ceramic shell residue (CSR), from the industries of Lost Wax Casting, in the modulus of elasticity and porosity of concrete. The CSR was ground and underwent a physical, chemical, and microstructural characterization. It was also analyzed, the environmental risk of the residue. In the physical characterization of the residue were analyzed, the surface area, and particle size distribution. In chemical characterization, the material powder was subjected to testing of X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Microstructural characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The residue was utilized like addition by substitution of cement in concrete in the percentages of 10% and 15% by weight of Portland cement. It was evaluated properties of concrete in the fresh and hardened state, such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, absorption of water by total immersion and by capillarity. The results showed that the residue can be used in cement matrix and improve some properties of concrete. Thus, the CSR may contribute to improved sustainability and benefit the construction industry.

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Solvothermal Synthesis of Bi2Se3 Hexagonal Nanosheet Crystals

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1712 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 1712-1716 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hai Tao Liu ◽

Jun Dai ◽

Jia Jia Zhang ◽

Wei Dong Xiang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Solvothermal Synthesis ◽

Solvothermal Method ◽

Raw Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Uniform Size ◽

X Ray ◽

Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) hexagonal nanosheet crystals with uniform size were successfully prepared via a solvothermal method at 160°C for 22 h using bismuth trichloride(BiCl3) and selenium powder(Se) as raw materials, sodium bisulfite(NaHSO3) as a reducing agent, diethylene glycol(DEG) as solvent, and ammonia as pH regulator. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the obtained products. Results show that the as-synthesized samples are pure Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals. A possible growth mechanism for Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals is also discussed based on the experiment.

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