scholarly journals Effects of In Ovo Feeding of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Growth Performances, Plasma Metabolites, and Antioxidant Status in Broilers Exposed to Cyclic Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11032
Author(s):  
Chris-Major Ncho ◽  
Akshat Goel ◽  
Chae-Mi Jeong ◽  
Vaishali Gupta ◽  
Yang-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cyclic Heat ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid used for mitigating the detrimental effects of heat stress in broilers. In addition, a growing body of literature suggests that the in ovo feeding of various nutrients can enhance the post-hatch thermotolerance of broilers. Therefore, we hypothesized that the supplementation of GABA during incubation might have positive effects in heat-stressed broilers. Chicks hatched from eggs were divided into three groups described as follows: chicks hatched from eggs incubated at normal temperature and then raised under thermoneutral temperature (CON); chicks hatched from eggs incubated at normal temperature but raised under cyclic heat stress (HS) (CON+HS); and chicks hatched from eggs injected with 60 mg of GABA dissolved in 0.6 mL of distilled water but raised under cyclic HS (G10+HS). The HS was applied between 28 and 31 days of age with ambient temperatures raised from 22 ± 1 °C to 33 ± 1 °C for 6 h daily. Compared to the CON group, average daily weight gain was significantly lower in the CON+HS but not in the G10+HS group. Feed intake was significantly decreased in both the CON+HS and G10+HS groups. Compared to the CON group, plasma corticosterone levels were significantly increased in the CON+HS group, but not the G10+HS group. Hepatic mRNA levels of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene (ACC) were significantly reduced in the G10+HS group compared to the CON group. In addition, positive Pearson correlation coefficients were found in mRNA levels between fatty acid synthase (FAS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1) (r = 0.55, p < 0.05), NOX1 and NOX4 (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (r = 0.62, p < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that this study can serve as a basis for future work focusing on the in ovo feeding of GABA as a technique to combat heat stress in broilers.

scholarly journals Dynamic Alterations on Synthesis and Transportation of Vitamin C and Deposition Status in Produced Eggs Induced by Dietary Vitamin C Supplementation in Hy-Line Brown Layer Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Zhu ◽  
Jianfei Zhao ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Kailong Qin ◽  
Jiakun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Gulonolactone Oxidase ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

Abstract Background: Some previous studies have indicated that in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) had positive effects on the performance in poultry. In order to realize embryonic VC supplementation, an idea about hen’s dietary VC supplementation to achieve VC enrichment in produced eggs was proposed. And this study was executed to investigate the effects of dietary VC supplementation on synthesis and transportation of VC in layers and VC deposition status in produced eggs.Results: Compared with Arbor Acres breeder eggs, egg VC content was lower in Isa Brown breeder eggs and Hy-Line Brown layer eggs (P < 0.05). Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) and SVCT2 expression was higher in ileum than in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). SVCT1 expression was extremely higher in magnum than in ovary, while SVCT2 expression was lower (P < 0.05). L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) expression was extremely higher and SVCT1 expression was higher in kidney than in liver, while SVCT2 was lower (P < 0.05). 400 mg/kg VC supplementation increased SVCT1 expression in duodenum, ovary and magnum, while decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in liver (P < 0.05). 200 and 400 mg/kg VC supplementation increased SVCT2 expression in duodenum, while decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in kidney and SVCT2 expression in liver (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Hy-Line Brown layer was a useful model for investigating effects of dietary VC supplementation on VC deposition in produced eggs. Dietary VC supplementation promoted VC absorption in duodenum and jejunum, but reduced endogenous VC synthesis in liver and kidney. Although dietary VC supplementation enhanced VC transportation in ovary and magnum, it finally failed to increase VC deposition in produced eggs.

scholarly journals Effects of l-leucine in ovo feeding on thermotolerance, growth and amino acid metabolism under heat stress in broilers

animal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Han ◽  
Y. Ouchi ◽  
T. Hirota ◽  
S. Haraguchi ◽  
T. Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

scholarly journals Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Zhu ◽  
Jianfei Zhao ◽  
Chenxu Wang ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Xinhuo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Gulonolactone Oxidase ◽  
In Ovo Feeding ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Many researches about in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems. Results Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19 (E19) to post-hatch day 1 (D1) and in intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from E17 to D1. Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42. IOF of VC significantly reduced GLO expression in liver, kidney and yolk sac as well as SVCT1 expression in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but increased the VC content in plasma, brain, kidney and liver. In addition, IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress. Conclusions This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation. These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals In ovo Feeding of Butyric Acid Replacing Antibiotics Function to Increase Poultry Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rantan Krisnan ◽  
Yuli Retnani ◽  
Budi Tangendjaja ◽  
Rita Mutia ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Good Productivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

Antibiotics have an important role in increasing livestock productivity. The ban on the use of these products encourages efforts to find substitute products. Butyric acid is one of the organic acids and considered to be potential to replace the role of antibiotics. In principle, both antibiotics and butyric acids can create livestock conditions physiologically and metabolically well to achieve good productivity. Several mechanisms of butyric acid in increasing livestock productivity can provide explanation for the positive effects of this material. Characteristics of butyric acids such as corrosive, volatile and have unpleasant odor encourage the need for an appropriate application technology. In ovo feeding technology can be the right solution to eliminate the constraints of using butyric acid. This technology has also been widely studied and proven to increase livestock productivity through improved hatching parameters, performance of livestock, improvement of organs/digestive tract (intestine), repair of bones, muscles and meat, and enhancement of immunity.

scholarly journals Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Mediates the Improvement of Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder via AKT and AMPK Signaling Pathways in L02 with Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao ji Tian ◽  
Yifeng Liu ◽  
Peng Yuan ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Haizhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Glycolipid Metabolism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
L02 Cells

Abstract Background: Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has previously been found to regulate glycolipid metabolism in the liver by promoting insulin secretion. However, the direct regulation of GLP-1 on liver glycolipid metabolism was still controversial, due to the presence of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in human liver has not been determined. In this research, the presence and direct effect on hepatic metabolism of GLP-1R were investigated in L02 cells (normal human hepatocytes).Methods: The insulin resistance cell model with metabolic disorder was constructed using oleic acid and fructose to simulate the metabolic syndrome caused by high-fat and high-fructose in modern diet. Glycolipid metabolism markers and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PI3 Kinase (PI3K)-AKT were assessed.Results: GLP-1R was found to be expressed in L02 cells and decreased in insulin resistance cells. GLP-1R knockdown induced a dramatic decrease in glucose utilization and intracellular content, and increase in mRNA levels of genes associated with gluconeogenesis via AKT pathway independent of PI3K. Furthermore, GLP-1R knockdown increased the contents of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) by increasing the mRNA levels of sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and decreasing the mRNA level of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) via AMPK pathway.Conclusions: GLP-1R mediated the LG-caused promotion of glucose utilization and inhibition of lipid synthesis, as the positive effects of LG were diminished by GLP-1R knockdown. These findings demonstrated that GLP-1R is the molecular basis for GLP-1 to improve glycolipid metabolism in L02 cells.

scholarly journals Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and <i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i> essential oil on the intestinal morphologyand stress indicators of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini ◽  
Hasan Nazarizadeh ◽  
Saeede Ahani ◽  
Masoume Vakili Azghandi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Cyclic Heat ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract. An experiment was carried out that was intended to explore the growth performance, nutrient retention, and heat stress biomarkers of finishing broilers under cyclic heat stress (HS) as modulated by the supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza essential oil (CXEO). Two hundred and forty 21-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to four experimental treatments, each of which was replicated six times with 10 broilers per replicate. The diets included a control (CON), CON + 5 g of MOS kg−1, CON + 400 mg of CXEO kg−1 of feed, and CON + 5 g of MOS kg−1 + 400 mg of CXEO kg−1. From day 22 to 42, birds were subjected to cyclic HS by exposing them to 33 °C for 10 h (from 07:00 to 17:00 LT) and 22 °C from 17:00 to 07:00. Dietary treatments did not have an effect on average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, the duodenal histomorphology, and relative visceral weights. Body weight, average daily gain, villus length, crypt depth, and the villus-length-to-crypt-depth ratio in the jejunum were significantly increased in birds fed MOS or MOS + CXEO diets (p < 0.05). The relative bursa weight of the control birds was lower (p <  0.05) compared to those fed the MOS diet. Compared with CON, dietary treatments reduced corticosterone and creatine kinase levels, the heterophile-to-lymphocyte ratio, and mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 in the breast muscle and jejunum (p < 0.05). It was concluded that dietary supplementation of either MOS or CXEO alone or in combination may reduce some of the harmful effects of HS in broiler chickens.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine improves intestinal function and attenuates intestinal autophagy in piglets challenged with β-conglycinin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyun Wang ◽  
Chengcheng Li ◽  
Meng Peng ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function

Abstractβ-Conglycinin (β-CG), an anti-nutritional factor, is a major allergen in soybeans to induce intestinal dysfunction and diarrhea in neonatal animals, including piglets and human infants. This study with a piglet model determined the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestinal function and autophagy in response to β-CG challenge. Twenty-four 12-day-old piglets (3.44 ± 0.28 kg), which had been weaned at 7 days of age and adapted for 5 days after weaning, were randomly allocated to the control, β-CG, and β-CG + NAC groups. Piglets in the control group were fed a liquid diet containing 10% casein, whereas those in the β-CG and β-CG + NAC groups were fed the basal liquid diets containing 9.5% casein and 0.5% β-CG for 2 days. Thereafter, pigs in the β-CG + NAC group were orally administrated with 50 mg (kg BW)−1 NAC for 3 days, while pigs in the other two groups were orally administrated with the same volume of sterile saline. NAC numerically reduced diarrhea incidence (− 46.2%) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, but increased claudin-1 and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (iFABP) protein abundances and activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the jejunum of β-CG-challenged piglets. Although β-CG challenge decreased the villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and mRNA levels of claudin-1 and occludin, no significant differences were observed in these indices between the control and β-CG + NAC groups, suggesting the positive effects of NAC supplementation on intestinal mucosal barrier function. Moreover, NAC increased the concentrations of citrulline and D-xylose in the plasma, as well as the expression of genes for aquaporin (AQP) 3, AQP4, peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), sodium/glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1), potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 13 (KCNJ13), and solute carrier family 1 member 1 (SLC1A1) in the jejunum, demonstrating that NAC augmented intestinal metabolic activity and absorptive function. Remarkably, NAC decreased Atg5 protein abundance and the LC3II/LC3I ratio (an indicator of autophagy) in the jejunum of β-CG-challenged piglets. Taken together, NAC supplementation improved intestinal function and attenuated intestinal autophagy in β-CG-challenged piglets.

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