scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Arctic Summer Climate Comfort Level in the Context of Regional Tourism Resources from 1979 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13056
Author(s):  
Yutao Huang ◽  
Xuezhen Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Wenshuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Climate Comfort ◽  
Arctic Summer

In the context of global warming, a key scientific question for the sustainable development of the Arctic tourism industry is whether the region’s climate is becoming more suitable for tourism. Based on the ERA5-HEAT (Human thErmAl comforT) dataset from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), this study used statistical methods such as climatic tendency rate and RAPS to analyze the spatial-temporal changes in Arctic summer climate comfort zones from 1979 to 2019 and to explore the influence of changes in climate comfort on Arctic tourism. The results showed the following: (1) With the increase in the Arctic summer temperature, the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) rose significantly from 1979 to 2019 at a rate of 0.457 °C/10a. There was an abrupt change in 2001, when the climate comfort changed from “colder” to “cool”, and the climate comfort has remained cool over the past decade (2010–2019). (2) With the increase in Arctic summer temperatures, the area assessed as “comfortable” increased significantly from 1979 to 2019 at a rate of 2.114 × 105 km2/10a. Compared with the comfortable area in the 1980s, the comfortable area increased by 6.353 × 105 km2 over the past 10 years and expanded to high-latitude and high-altitude areas, mainly in Kola Peninsula, Putorana Plateau, and Verkhoyansk Mountains in Russia, as well as the Brooks Mountains in Alaska. (3) With the increase in Arctic summer temperatures, the number of days rated comfortable on 30% of the grid increased significantly from 1979 to 2019 (maximum increase: 31 days). The spatial range of the area with a low level of comfortable days narrowed and the spatial range of the area with a high level of such days expanded. The area with 60–70 comfortable days increased the most (4.57 × 105 km2). The results of this study suggest that global warming exerts a significant influence on the Arctic summer climate comfort level and provides favorable conditions for further development of regional tourism resources.

ASPECTS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NENETS AND YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICTS AS DESTINATIONS OF ARCTIC TOURISM

Servis plus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Илькевич ◽  
Sergey Ilkevich ◽  
Пер Стрёмберг ◽  
Per Stremberg
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

Despite some intensification of the regional and local authorities, as well as the proactive position of some tour operators in the Arctic regions of Russia, as well as a general removal of focus to domestic tourism in connec- tion with domestic economic and political shocks of the past two years, real progress in the Arctic tourism in Russia is not so great. It’s connected with the systemic and acute problems of the development of this macro region. Their resolution will take decades. In these circumstances, it would be better to talk about the need to focus efforts of states and municipalities, as well as of businesses in those regions that now have not just an abstract potential from the point of view of tourism resources, but the real competitiveness for doubling-tripling of tourist arrivals within five to seven years due to such social, economic and food elements of competitiveness: the positive dynamics of the regional economy, positive demographics, the adequacy of general investments and investments directly related to the tourism, relatively well-developed infrastructure, transport accessibil- ity, price competitiveness of tourism products (the latter in the current environment could be the ability to stay within 60–70 thousand rubles for a 7–10 days tour with budget excursion component). If we analyze the parameters together, as it seems to the authors, today we can speak about the special prospect and a fairly high level of domestic and international competitiveness of only two destinations in the Arctic – Nenets and Yama- lo-Nenets Autonomous districts. Within the presented work, the authors make arguments about what these two regions may be Arctic destinations of paramount importance, because they can actually achieve the ambitious goals for increasing the mass of domestic and inbound tourism in the Arctic in really foreseeable future.

Dwarf tundra shrubs growth as a proxy for late Holocene climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Lehejček
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

The Arctic is the most sensitive zone to climate changes and the impacts are reflected in local ecosystems. In order to extract information of the past from proxy archives the detailed knowledge of such archive is crucial. The paper summarizes modern approaches of tundra dwarf shrub research for the purposes of paleoclimatology. Dwarf tundra shrubs as still relatively untapped archive are believed to contain valuable proxy data in their annual growth increments. Field sampling, and laboratory work are reviewed in detail. Constraints of dwarf tundra shrub research are discussed as well. The relationship between climate and growth is addressed to find a link between them depending on location and species. Majority of investigations found the strongest relationship between summer temperatures and ring widths, although exceptions are not rare. Dwarf tundra shrubs can fully serve as valuable proxy archive only if those are understood. Finally, the factors influencing the length of dwarf tundra shrub life are studied in order to sample the oldest living individuals in the field. Despite the field collection should aim to sample various sizes and ages of plants to make the dataset robust, the longest living individuals which are important to prolong chronologies are usually inhabiting rather nutrient poor and undisturbed sites close to their survival limits. The paper indicates the most suitable dwarf tundra shrub research designs for the purposes of paleoclimatology. As such it can help to harvest the benefits of dendrochronology from the vast and new territories.

scholarly journals Bluetongue virus is ‘on-the-move’

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Peter J Walker
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Freedom From Disease ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Bluetongue Disease

Bluetongue virus is ?on-the-move?. The distribution of this important arthropod-borne pathogen of sheep and cattle is expanding rapidly, particularly in Europe, where its emergence and spread during the past decade have had severe economic consequences. The movement of bluetongue virus into new temperate European habitats appears to have been driven, at least in part, by global warming. Record summer temperatures, warmer winters and changes in precipitation patterns are believed to have provided the conditions necessary for more northerly seasonal spread, over-wintering and adaptation of the virus to new insect vectors. The emergence of bluetongue disease in Europe since 1998 has resulted in the deaths of more than two million sheep. The economic impact in France alone in 2006-07 was estimated to have already exceeded $1.4 billion, mostly in lost trade. These events have significant implications for Australia, where freedom from disease and favourable terms of trade rest on a potentially fragile ecological balance between viruses, hosts and vectors.

Multi-proxy reconstruction of Arctic summer temperatures over the past 1400 years

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Shi ◽  
B Yang ◽  
FC Ljungqvist ◽  
F Yang
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Arctic Summer

scholarly journals Global warming due to loss of large ice masses and Arctic summer sea ice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Wunderling ◽  
Matteo Willeit ◽  
Jonathan F. Donges ◽  
Ricarda Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Global Mean Temperature ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Arctic Summer

Abstract Several large-scale cryosphere elements such as the Arctic summer sea ice, the mountain glaciers, the Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheet have changed substantially during the last century due to anthropogenic global warming. However, the impacts of their possible future disintegration on global mean temperature (GMT) and climate feedbacks have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. Here, we quantify this response using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity. Overall, we find a median additional global warming of 0.43 °C (interquartile range: 0.39−0.46 °C) at a CO2 concentration of 400 ppm. Most of this response (55%) is caused by albedo changes, but lapse rate together with water vapour (30%) and cloud feedbacks (15%) also contribute significantly. While a decay of the ice sheets would occur on centennial to millennial time scales, the Arctic might become ice-free during summer within the 21st century. Our findings imply an additional increase of the GMT on intermediate to long time scales.

scholarly journals Noctilucent clouds and the mesospheric water vapour: the past decade

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 3045-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. von Zahn ◽  
U. Berger ◽  
J. Fiedler ◽  
P. Hartogh
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Noctilucent Clouds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Decadal Variations ◽  
Annual Means ◽  
Arctic Summer

Abstract. The topic of this paper is the expected (from modelling) and observed sensitivity of the brightness β of noctilucent clouds (NLC) on the ambient water vapour mixing ratio f(H2O). Firstly, we show that state-of-the-art models of NLC layer formation predict that in the Arctic summer, a 10% increase of f(H2O) in the upper mesosphere should lead to a 22% increase in β. Secondly, we review observations of episodic changes in f(H2O) and those in β, the former being available since 1992, the latter since 1979. We also add a new series of observations of f(H2O) in the Arctic summer, performed at the ALOMAR observatory (69° N). Thirdly, we show that an increase in daily averaged f(H2O) observed in the Arctic summer since 1996, when introduced into the NLC models, comes close to explaining the observed increase in β. In contrast to this gratifying situation for the summer means of f(H2O) and β (the latter being available only in summer anyway), the behaviour of annual means of f(H2O) is quite different. Those indicate that since 1996 significant decreases of annually averaged upper mesospheric water vapour have occurred at low, mid, and high latitude which can not be used to explain the observed near-stability in NLC brightness over this time period. We close with comments on the very different character of decadal variations in NLC brightness and occurrence rate.

scholarly journals Glaciers and Global Warming

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. Koerner ◽  
Leif Lundgaard
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
The Past

ABSTRACT Ice core and mass balance studies from glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets constitute an ideal medium for monitoring and studying present and past environmental change and, as such, make a valuable contribution to the present debate over anthropogenic forcing of climate. Data derived from 32 years of measurements in the Canadian Arctic show no significant trends in glacier mass balance, ice melt, or snow accumulation, although the mass balance continues to be slightly negative. Models suggest that industrial aerosol loading of the atmosphere should add to the warming effect of greenhouse gases. However, we have found a sharp increase in the concentration of industrial pollutants in snow deposited since the early 1950's which makes the trendless nature of our various time series surprising. Spatial differences in the nature of climatic change may account for the lack of trend in the Queen Elizabeth Islands but encourages similar investigations to this study elsewhere in the circumpolar region. A global warming trend over the past 150 years has been demonstrated from instrumental data and is evident in our ice cores. However, the ice core data and glacier geometry changes in the Canadian Arctic suggest the Arctic warming is more pronounced in summer than winter. The same warming trend is not unique when viewed in the context of changes over the past 10,000 or 100,000 years. This suggests the 150-year trend is part of the natural climate variability.

Denouement: World Politics, Systemic Leadership, and Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson ◽  
Leila Zakhirova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
World Politics ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Historical Processes

In this final chapter, we conclude by recapitulating our argument and evidence. One goal of this work has been to improve our understanding of the patterns underlying the evolution of world politics over the past one thousand years. How did we get to where we are now? Where and when did the “modern” world begin? How did we shift from a primarily agrarian economy to a primarily industrial one? How did these changes shape world politics? A related goal was to examine more closely the factors that led to the most serious attempts by states to break free of agrarian constraints. We developed an interactive model of the factors that we thought were most likely to be significant. Finally, a third goal was to examine the linkages between the systemic leadership that emerged from these historical processes and the global warming crisis of the twenty-first century. Climate change means that the traditional energy platforms for system leadership—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—have become counterproductive. The ultimate irony is that we thought that the harnessing of carbon fuels made us invulnerable to climate fluctuations, while the exact opposite turns out to be true. The more carbon fuels are consumed, the greater the damage done to the atmosphere. In many respects, the competition for systemic leadership generated this problem. Yet it is unclear whether systemic leadership will be up to the task of resolving it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document