Formulation of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized by Glass Waste Activated with NaOH Solution

Due to the increase in demand for building materials and their high prices in most developing countries, many researchers are trying to recycle waste for use as secondary raw materials. The aim of this study is the optimization of a mixture of compressed earth blocks based on two sediments. These sediments were tested through the Vicat test to determine the proportion of each one and the optimal water content. The mixtures were treated by adding 10% of blast furnace slag and different proportions of dissolved glass in a NaOH solution. The results indicated that the mixture of 70% Oran sediments with 30% Sidi Lakhdar sediments treated with 4% glass waste produced a CEB (compressed earth block) with high compressive strength with low porosity. In addition, formulated CEBs have a very good resistance to water immersion.

Download Full-text

Waste Clay as a Green Building Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.501 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 261-263 ◽

pp. 501-505

Author(s):

Stanley R. Russell ◽

Jana Buchter

Keyword(s):

Building Material ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Building Materials ◽

Green Building ◽

Similar Process ◽

Rammed Earth ◽

Compressed Earth Blocks ◽

Compressed Earth Block ◽

Earth Blocks ◽

Earth Block

Two of the primary waste components of the Phosphates benefaction process, sand and clay have been used as building materials for thousands of years. A process known as rammed earth has been used extensively around the world in buildings that have lasted for centuries. Because earth is the main ingredient in rammed earth it has recently enjoyed new popularity as a so called “green” building material. In a similar process earth is compressed into blocks which are then used in the same way as conventional masonry units to build walls. In the compressed earth block [CEB] method, individual units can be manufactured and stockpiled for later use rather than being fabricated on site as in the rammed earth process. This research project will investigate the potential use of waste clay and tailing sand from the phosphate benefaction process as the primary ingredients in compressed earth blocks for commercial and residential construction projects.

Download Full-text

The Role of Industrial Waste in the Formation of the Structure and Properties of Effective Wall Ceramics

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.578 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 931 ◽

pp. 578-582

Author(s):

Natalia D. Yatsenko ◽

N.A. Vil'bitskaya ◽

A.I. Yatsenko

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Innovative Technologies ◽

Furnace Slag

The article deals with the use of blast furnace slag and mineralising additives as raw materials for the production of building materials. Innovative technologies of brick production from natural raw materials and industrial wastes are developed.

Download Full-text

Utilization of Waste Glass in Polymer Concrete

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.171 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 865 ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jakub Hodul ◽

Jana Hodná ◽

Rostislav Drochytka ◽

Michaela Vyhnánková

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Waste Material ◽

Polymer Concrete ◽

Building Industry ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Suitable Treatment

Glass waste is currently produced almost in all developed countries. It is the silicate based waste material which after suitable treatment has found application in many industries and therefore some types of waste glass belong to progressive secondary raw materials. However, the use of this silicate waste material which differ on the basis of an initial use of the glass in its physical and mechanical properties has not been fully explored in the field of building industry – the production of building materials. The replacement of the common filler – quartz sand in the polymer concrete (PC) could be one of the effective possibilities of the utilization of different type of waste glass in the building industry. Mainly for this reason, this work deals with the experimental examining the possibility of using various types of waste glass in the polymer concrete based on epoxy resin.

Download Full-text

The Porosity of Stabilized Earth Blocks with the Addition Plant Fibers of the Date Palm

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2020-03091485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 478-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdelghani Idder ◽

Abdelmadjid Hamouine ◽

Boudjemaa Labbaci ◽

Rabia Abdeldjebar

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Date Palm ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Capillary Absorption ◽

Plant Fibers ◽

Volume Porosity ◽

Physical Tests ◽

Earth Blocks ◽

Earth Block

This work is an experimental study to analyze the physical behavior of Stabilized Earth Block (SEB) and reinforced with Plant Fibers of the Date Palm (PFDP). This is part of the valorization of local building materials (earth, fiber) and contributes to reduce the price of housing. Initially, physical tests (Density, Total Water Absorption, and Capillary Absorption) were carried out in preparation for the porosity study. However, the main objective of this study is the investigation of porosity phenomenon using several methods as well as the total porosity estimation, the total volume porosity in water and Open porosity methods, where the mechanical resistance is also considered. In order to improve the stabilized earth block porosity analyses, various dosages are proposed for cement, lime and fiber. Thus (0%, 5%, 10%) of cement, (0%, 5%, 10%) of lime and the combination (5% cement + 5% lime) with (0%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) of fibers for each composition. The experimental results showed that the addition of fibers increases the porosity of the stabilized earth block proportionally and an increasing quantity of the stabilizer reduces the porosity of the SEB, cement is also more effective at closing pores than lime. Moreover, the compositions 10% cement and the mixture of 5% cement + 5% lime with 0% fiber showed a good results of porosity, for this reason they can be used as a durable building material and good resistance to natural and chemical aggression.

Download Full-text

Physico-mechanical characterization of non-stabilized Compressed Earth Blocks

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9458 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marios Kyriakides ◽

Rafail Panagiotou ◽

Rogiros Illampas ◽

Michalis Tapakoudis ◽

Ioannis Ioannou

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Capillary Absorption ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Development Fund ◽

Granular Composition ◽

Compressed Earth Blocks ◽

Earth Blocks

Recent challenges faced by humanity in relation to the ongoing climatic changes around the globe, have led many practitioners and researchers search for new environmentally friendly materials to use in construction, such as earth-based materials. A specific form of an earth-based building material that nowadays receives particular attention is Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs). CEBs comprise of soil mixed at low moisture content and are formed under high pressure in compression, without firing. The end-products can be non-stabilized, i.e., without any cement or lime added, or stabilized, whereby a small quantity of stabilizer (<12% by weight) is added, mainly for enhancing their mechanical and durability properties. CEBs, particularly the non-stabilized ones, are considered to be less expensive and environmentally friendlier, compared to the traditional fired clay bricks, due to their lower production cost and excellent recyclability potential, which significantly reduces the end-product&#8217;s environmental impact.In Cyprus, CEBs were not used in the past, as the prevailing earth building technique on the island was adobe masonry. Recently, however, there appears to be an interest in the use of this material for contemporary construction. The work hereby presented is part of an ongoing research project that focuses on the design, production and characterization of a sustainable and eco-friendly prototype CEB masonry system that will be fabricated using raw materials originating from Cyprus. The project is funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus, through the Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation (Project ENTERPRISES/0618/0007).In the framework of the aforementioned project, various types of locally sourced soils, with different mineralogical/granular composition and plasticity characteristics have been selected and used for the production of non-stabilized CEBs. A series of tests, including particle-size analysis, Atterberg limits determination, shrinkage and compaction measurements, and X-ray diffraction analyses have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the raw materials selected. In addition, compression and 3-point bending tests, capillary absorption measurements and thermal conductivity analyses have been conducted to assess the physico-mechanical properties of the CEBs produced.XRD analyses have shown that the soils investigated are mainly composed of carbonates and silicates at different ratios. Preliminary capillary absorption tests have demonstrated that the use of a non-reactive liquid, such as acetone, is better over water in determining the sorptivity of non-stabilized CEBs. In addition, the thermal conductivity of all specimens ranged between 0.60-0.85 W/mK. Finally, the results suggest that, despite the different granular composition of the soils used, all soils demonstrated adequate mechanical properties in terms of compressive (over 5 MPa) and flexural (over 0.5 MPa) strength. &#160;

Download Full-text

Sustainability of Compressed Earth Block Construction: Comparative Analysis of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks and Traditional Wood Framed Single Family Residences

AEI 2017 ◽

10.1061/9780784480502.030 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Shideh Shadravan ◽

Matthew D. Reyes ◽

Daniel J. Butko ◽

Lisa M. Holliday ◽

Kenneth R. Hines ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Single Family ◽

Compressed Earth Block ◽

Block Construction ◽

Earth Blocks ◽

Earth Block

Download Full-text

Model for Testing Compressive and Flexural Strength of Sisal Fibre Reinforced Compressed Earth Blocks in the Absence of Laboratory Facilities

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss3.333 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 132-145

Author(s):

Saul Sitati Namango ◽

Diana Starovoytova Madara ◽

Augustine B. Makokha ◽

Edwin Ataro

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Dead Weight ◽

Sisal Fibre ◽

Laboratory Facilities ◽

Compressed Earth Blocks ◽

Standard Value ◽

Earth Blocks ◽

Primary Advantage ◽

Earth Block

This study proposes a method of indirectly evaluating strength and therefore durability characteristics of compressed earth blocks in the absence of the normally expensive laboratory facilities. The method, with respect to compressed earth blocks reinforced with sisal fibres, is recommended for application particularly in rural areas of Africa. The developed method entails loading a compressed earth block sample with increasing amounts of weight till the sample raptures (total dead weight) under the load. The weight is then taken and a comparison is made with the standard value of compressive and flexural strength of the said sample. A conversion factor between this developed method and the conventional way of determining compressive and flexural strength has been computed. It has been established that the total dead weight is 47.25 times the flexural strength while the same is 66.4 times the compressive strength. The primary advantage of the proposed method is that it can easily be adapted at village level by people who have little scientific knowledge.

Download Full-text

KINERJA STRUKTURAL INTERLOCKING COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCK (ICEB) DENGAN SERAT IJUK SEBAGAI STABILISATOR

10.31219/osf.io/2spvm ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Arteks Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Built Environment ◽

Building Materials ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Production Method ◽

High Energy ◽

Structural Performance ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Compressed Earth Block ◽

Earth Block

Title: Structural Performance of Interlocking Compressed Earth Block with Ijuk (Arenga pinnata) Fiber as StabiliserModular block building materials have been well-known in the design and construction of built-environment. In its simplest form, the modular block is known as brick, red brick, lime brick, conblock, etc. The modularity of its unit lends itself for easy of production, application and transport. The drawbacks, however, are the generallyrelated to high energy consumption and pollution level in the production process (brick burning, high temp heating of cement and lime). In the perspective of sustainable and environmentally friendly built environment, the drawbacks need to be addressed in order to minimize its carbon footprint in human habitation. The challenge is how to obtain modular blocks with low energy consumption, while achieving stability and structural performance up to the standard. In this research, the earthen block test units were conducted without burning or use of cement and lime. Ijuk fibre (Arenga pinnata) was chosen as replacement of cement and lime was choses as stabilizer in producing modular blocks. The main test units and their comparisons underwent a compression test in the compressive testing machine to evaluate the structural performance. The comparison test blocks were blocks with similar form, dimension and production method, while the diffrentiating factor was the mixture. The standards SNI 15-2094-2000 (Indonesia) and IS 1077 : 1992 (India) were used as reference to compressive strength of common fired brick.

Download Full-text

An Overview of Affordable Low Cost Housing in Nigeria; a Case for Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB)

Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September - International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ◽

10.38124/ijisrt20jun876 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1023-1028

Author(s):

Anthony Maduabum ◽

Charles Munonye

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Building Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

State Governments ◽

Middle Income ◽

Political Interference ◽

Compressed Earth Block ◽

Low Cost Housing ◽

Materials Used ◽

Earth Block

Over the years, the Federal and State Governments of Nigeria mounted ‘low-cost’ housing schemes that were expected to be affordable to the low income earners. By the time some of these schemes were completed they were priced beyond the reach of the low-income earners, and even that of the middle-income earners. Various research works that looked into the failure of the provision of the ‘low-cost’ housings in Nigeria found out that the reason for the failure are political interference and corruption. This paper overviewed the various building materials used in building construction and concluded that the objectives of providing housing affordable ‘low cost’ housing schemes in Nigeria can be achieved if local building materials such as Stabilized Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) is used in the construction. The paper concludes that if professionals in the building sector are given the free will to do their jobs, it will also enhance the objective of providing affordable ‘low cost’ houses.

Download Full-text