scholarly journals Decontamination of Mycotoxin-Contaminated Feedstuffs and Compound Feed

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmilo Čolović ◽  
Nikola Puvača ◽  
Federica Cheli ◽  
Giuseppina Avantaggiato ◽  
Donato Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Health Disorders

Mycotoxins are known worldwide as fungus-produced toxins that adulterate a wide heterogeneity of raw feed ingredients and final products. Consumption of mycotoxins-contaminated feed causes a plethora of harmful responses from acute toxicity to many persistent health disorders with lethal outcomes; such as mycotoxicosis when ingested by animals. Therefore, the main task for feed producers is to minimize the concentration of mycotoxin by applying different strategies aimed at minimizing the risk of mycotoxin effects on animals and human health. Once mycotoxins enter the production chain it is hard to eliminate or inactivate them. This paper examines the most recent findings on different processes and strategies for the reduction of toxicity of mycotoxins in animals. The review gives detailed information about the decontamination approaches to mitigate mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs and compound feed, which could be implemented in practice.

EPEGENTIC TOXICOLOGY: PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
G. A. Sofronov ◽  
E. L. Patkin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Time Periods

One of the complex problems of modern experimental toxicology remains the molecular mechanism of formation of human health disorders separated at different time periods from acute or chronic exposure to toxic environmental pollutants (ecotoxicants). Identifying and understanding what epigenetic changes are induced by the environment, and how they can lead to unfavorable outcome, are vital for protecting public health. Therefore, we consider it important a modern understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the life cycle of mammals and assess available data on the environmentally caused epigenetic toxicity and, accordingly fledging epigenenomic (epigenetic) regulatory toxicology.

scholarly journals Overview of Fungi and Mycotoxin Contamination in Capsicum Pepper and in Its Derivatives

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Rodríguez ◽  
Esther Garcia-Cela ◽  
Angel Medina ◽  
Naresh Magan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Spoilage Fungi ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Capsicum products are widely commercialised and consumed worldwide. These substrates present unusual nutritional characteristics for microbial growth. Despite this, the presence of spoilage fungi and the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in the pepper production chain have been commonly detected. The main aim of this work was to review the critical control points, with a focus on mycotoxin contamination, during the production, storage and distribution of Capsicum products from a safety perspective; outlining the important role of ecophysiological factors in stimulating or inhibiting mycotoxin biosynthesis in these food commodities. Moreover, the human health risks caused by the ingestion of peppers contaminated with mycotoxins were also reviewed. Overall, Capsicum and its derivative-products are highly susceptible to contamination by mycotoxins. Pepper crop production and further transportation, processing and storage are crucial for production of safe food.

scholarly journals The Sexual Motivation of Male Rats as a Tool in Animal Models of Human Health Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Bialy ◽  
Wiktor Bogacki-Rychlik ◽  
Jacek Przybylski ◽  
Tymoteusz Zera
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Sexual Motivation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Health Disorders

scholarly journals Food Safety Procedures and Food Law Principles in European Union

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laura NEACSU ◽  
Maria TOFANA
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Production Chain

With a view to adopting a comprehensive, integrated "farm to table" approach, legislation must cover all aspects of the food production chain: primary production, processing, transport, distribution through to the sale or supply of food and feed. At all stages of this chain, the legal responsibility for ensuring the safety of foodstuffs rests with the operator and a similar system should apply to feed business operators. The White Paper on Food Safety emphasizes the need for a policy underpinned by a sound scientific basis and up-to-date legislation. The EU legislation is designed to restore consumer confidence in the wake of recent food-related crises, with all the interested parties having a part to play: the general public, non-governmental organizations, professional associations, trading partners and international trade organizations. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) enhances the current scientific and technical support system and its main task is to provide assistance and independent scientific advice, and to create a network geared to close cooperation with similar bodies in the Member States. The recent food crises have shown that it is necessary to improve the procedures relating to food safety. For this reason, the scope of the rapid alert system was extended to cover animal feed and to identify measures to be taken in emergencies and for crisis management. A Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health is also being set up to replace the existing committees

scholarly journals ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES – FUTURE OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

2014 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
K. G. Tsitsin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
Total Influence ◽  
Efficient Consumption

The article covers development of energy performance and energy saving in Russia, relevant issues of development of energy-saving construction, as well as pilot projects of construction of energy-saving (“smart”) houses implemented with participation of State Corporation — Housing and Utility Reform Foundation. A separate emphasis is made on perspectives of development of “green” (environmentally friendly) construction, the main task of which is reduction of total influence of constriction site on environment and human health, what is reached on account of efficient consumption of energy, water and other resources, as well as reduction of waste and emissions.

scholarly journals An Acute Toxicity In Human Health Of Raw And Cooked Vegetable In Tomato And Spinach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sunita Mishra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Plant Toxins

Modern world adopting the new and fast techniques of agriculture methods for the maximum number of the production. The present study is based on an acute toxicity in human health of raw and cooked “Tomato” and “Spinach”. The Plant toxins are commonly the metabolites produce through plants to protect themselves against different threats like insects, predators and microorganisms.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles and Controlled Delivery for Bioactive Compounds: Outlining Challenges for New “Smart-Foods” for Health

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
MCarment Martínez-Ballesta ◽  
Ángel Gil-Izquierdo ◽  
Cristina García-Viguera ◽  
Raúl Domínguez-Perles
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Made In

Nanotechnology is a field of research that has been stressed as a very valuable approach for the prevention and treatment of different human health disorders. This has been stressed as a delivery system for the therapeutic fight against an array of pathophysiological situations. Actually, industry has applied this technology in the search for new oral delivery alternatives obtained upon the modification of the solubility properties of bioactive compounds. Significant works have been made in the last years for testing the input that nanomaterials and nanoparticles provide for an array of pathophysiological situations. In this frame, this review addresses general questions concerning the extent to which nanoparticles offer alternatives that improve therapeutic value, while avoid toxicity, by releasing bioactive compounds specifically to target tissues affected by specific chemical and pathophysiological settings. In this regard, to date, the contribution of nanoparticles to protect encapsulated bioactive compounds from degradation as a result of gastrointestinal digestion and cellular metabolism, to enable their release in a controlled manner, enhancing biodistribution of bioactive compounds, and to allow them to target those tissues affected by biological disturbances has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Life cycle impact assessment of biodiesel using the ReCiPe method

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Kiss ◽  
Goran Boskovic
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity

This paper presents the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results of biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil. The functional unit (FU) is defined as 3750 km of distance traveled by a truck fuelled with biodiesel. The reference flow is 1000 kg of biodiesel. The LCIA method used in the study is the ReCiPe method. At midpoint level the ReCiPe method addresses environmental issues within 18 impact categories. Most of these midpoint impact categories are further converted and aggregated into 3 endpoint categories (damage to human health, damage to ecosystem diversity, damage to mineral resource availability). The total impact of biodiesel?s life cycle was estimated at 540 Pt/FU. The damage to ecosystem diversity (1.48E-04 species?year/FU), the damage to human health (7.48E-03 DALY/FU) and the damage to mineral resource availability (8.11E+03 US$/FU) are responsible for 63%, 27% and 10% of the total negative impact in the life cycle of biodiesel, respectively. The results have revealed that only 4 impact categories are responsible for most of the impacts within the specific endpoint categories. These are impacts associated with global warming (3000 kg CO2 ekv./FU), particulate matter formation (12.4 kg PM ekv./FU), agricultural land occupation (6710 m2a./FU) and fossil fuel depletion (21168 MJ/FU). Greenhouse gases emitted in the life cycle of biodiesel (mainly N2O, CO2) are responsibly for 56% of the damage caused to human health and for 16% of the damage caused to ecosystem diversity. Airborne emissions which contribute to particulate matter formation (NOx, NH3, PM, SO2) are responsible for 43% of the damage caused to human health. Agricultural land occupation is responsible for 82% of the damage caused to the ecosystem diversity. Damage to mineral resource availability is almost entirely related to the depletion of fossil energy sources. The production chain of biodiesel and the combustion of biodiesel are responsible for 69% and 31% of the total impact of biodiesel?s life cycle, respectively. The negative impact of the production chain is mainly related to biodiversity loss due to agricultural land occupation (38%) and the life cycle impacts of mineral fertilizers used in the production of rapeseed (47%). The environmental impact of biodiesel can be reduced by increasing the yield of rapeseed with more efficient use of fertilizers and optimization of agro-technical processes.

scholarly journals Salmonellain the pork production chain and its impact on human health in the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BONARDI
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYSalmonellaspp. comprise the second most common food-borne pathogens in the European Union (EU). The role of pigs as carriers ofSalmonellahas been intensively studied both on farm and at slaughter.Salmonellainfection in pigs may cause fever, diarrhoea, prostration and mortality. However, most infected pigs remain healthy carriers, and those infected at the end of the fattening period could pose a threat to human health. Contamination of pig carcasses can occur on the slaughter line, and it is linked to cross-contamination from other carcasses and the presence ofSalmonellain the environment. Therefore,Salmonellaserovars present on pig carcasses can be different from those detected in the same bathes on the farm. In recent years,S.Typhimurium,S.Derby andS.serotype 4,[5],12:i:- (a monophasic variant ofS.Typhimurium) have been the most common serovars to be detected in pigs in EU countries, butS.Rissen,S.Infantis,S.Enteritidis andS.Brandenburg have also been reported. In humans, several cases of salmonellosis have been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pork and pork products. Among the main serovars of porcine origin detected in confirmed human cases,S.Typhimurium, the monophasic variantS.4,[5],12:i:- andS.Derby are certainly the most important.

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