scholarly journals Overall Exposure of European Adult Population to Mycotoxins by Statistically Modelled Biomonitoring Data

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Barbara De Santis ◽  
Francesca Debegnach ◽  
Piero Toscano ◽  
Alfonso Crisci ◽  
Paola Battilani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
European Projects ◽  
Hbm Values ◽  
North And South ◽  
Modelling Data

This study presents the exposure scenario to mycotoxins of adult population throughout Europe. The urinary biomarkers values were obtained by modelling data from two European projects. Exposure to AFB1, OTA, CIT, FBs, DON, NIV and T2/HT2 are presented. The main output obtained refers to a concern for public health about AFM1, FBs, T2/HT2 and NIV, and low concern for OTA, DON and CIT. The margin of exposure for AFM1 did not respect the reference value of 10,000 considered of low priority for risk; for Fusarium toxins, FBs and T2/HT2, probable daily intake (PDI) values resulted about ten times higher than their tolerable daily intake and NIV presented the most critical situation with a calculated PDI 30 times higher than the reference TDI value. North and South Europe scenarios were also depicted by clustering biomonitoring data. OTA and DON showed to be prevalent in Northern countries and the opposite was noticed for ZEN, higher in Southern countries. The critical issues of the availability of records feeding the dataset and of the accuracy of excretion rate for some mycotoxins are source of uncertainty for the reliability of the outputs, nevertheless the time is ripe for asking for more concrete HBM values and/or HBM-HBGV which would help in interpreting the burden of mycotoxins in Europe.

scholarly journals Associations of eating and drinking habits with cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the adult population: data from the ESSE-RF epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
A. I. Rytova ◽  
O. B. Shvabskaya ◽  
Yu. K. Makarova ◽  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Drinking Habits

The presence of a disease, the prognosis of which can be improved by dietary modification, motivates a patient to change their eating habits.Aim. To study the associations of dietary patterns and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in the adult population.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using data from representative samples of population from 13 Russian regions aged 2564 years (n=19520; men, 7329; women, 12191). The response rate was ~80%. Dietary characteristics were assessed by frequency method.Results. In the diet of people with CVDs, the daily intake of vegetables/ fruits increases by 84% in men and by 19% in women, while the use of animal fats in cooking decreases by 28% and 20%m respectively (p<0,0001). Women with CVDs reduce the consumption of processed meat and sweets by 16 and 19%, respectively (p<0,005). Persons with prior MI reduce the consumption of sweets in the diet: men by 38% and women by 30%. Men with prior MI have higher daily consumption of cereals by 31%, vegetables and fruits by 46%, low-fat dairy products — 2,4 times. In addition, they are more adherent to a healthy and cardioprotective diet by 3,65 and 1,75 times, respectively. Dietary changes in those with prior stroke were noted only in women in the form of a 29% decrease in excess salt intake (p=0,0075). In the diet of people with diabetes, there is decreased consumption of sweets and an increased intake of vegetables/fruits: by 77 and 69% in men and by 79 and 69% in women, respectively (p<0,0001). Men with diabetes are 3 times more likely to adhere to a healthy diet, and women — 2,3 times (p=0,0039 and p<0,0001, respectively).Conclusion. Patients with CVDs, MI, and diabetes have a healthier diet than healthy persons.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING PULMONARY METHANE EXCRETION IN MAN

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bond ◽  
Rolf R. Engel ◽  
Michael D. Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Colonic Bacteria ◽  
Familial Factor ◽  
Accurate Indicator ◽  
Pulmonary Excretion

Measurements of pulmonary excretion of methane (CH4) were used to obtain information on the CH4-producing bacteria in man. Preliminary studies indicated that (a) all CH4 excreted by man is produced by colonic bacteria, (b) there is no appreciable utilization of CH4 by man, and (c) breath CH4 can serve as a relatively accurate indicator of CH4 production in the intestine. The rate of pulmonary CH4 excretion varied enormously, ranging from undetectable (&lt;5 x 10–6 ml/min) to 0.66 ml/minute. In general, the CH4 excretion rate for subjects was consistently very low (nonproducers) or relatively large (producers). 33.6% of the adult population were producers of CH4. Whereas diet, age over 10 yr, and sex did not influence the rate of CH4 production, some familial factor appeared to play an important role. 84% of siblings of CH4 producers also were producers, while only 18% of the siblings of nonproducers were found to be CH4 producers. This familial tendency appeared to be determined by early environmental rather than genetic factors. These studies of CH4 excretion demonstrate that the exposure of individuals to intestinal bacterial metabolites may differ markedly and that these differences may be chronic and determined by familial factors.

The reference value of blood lead level among the general adult population of eastern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1287-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Nakhaee ◽  
Alireza Amirabadizadeh ◽  
Asghar Zarban ◽  
Manizhe Nasirizade ◽  
Maryam Salmani Mood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
General Adult Population

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment through Roasted Meats Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana C. S. Leite ◽  
Elaine S. de P. Melo ◽  
Daniela G. Arakaki ◽  
Elisvânia F. dos Santos ◽  
Valter A. do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Raw Meats

Data on the content of metals and metalloids in roasted meats with different types of wood and charcoal are still scarce in the literature. The concentrations of metals (Al, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, and Zn) and metalloid (As) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion, and the estimated daily intake (EDI) for adults was assessed to determine the hazard quotient (HQ). The concentrations of Al, Cr, Cu, and Fe in raw meats were below the data obtained in other countries. The concentration of As (0.17 ± 0.42–0.23 ± 0.10 mg/kg), Mg (206.77 ± 3.99–291.95 ± 8.87 mg/kg), V (0.42 ± 0.14–6.66 ± 0.80 mg/kg), and Zn (6.66 ± 0.80–48.13 ± 0.56 mg/kg) in raw meats exceeded the values in the literature. The concentrations of Mg, As, Cr, Fe, V, and Zn are high when the meat is roasted using wood. All levels of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, V, and Zn in raw meats are lower than those of meat roasted with coal and wood. The content of As in meat roasted with Chromed Copper Arsenate (CCA) wood (15.10 ± 0.27–26.25 ± 1.47 mg/kg) is higher than meat roasted with charcoal (0.46 ± 0.09–1.16 ± 0.50 mg/kg). EDI and HQ values revealed a minimal exposure of the adult population to those metals through roasted-meats consumption. However, EDI values of As in some roasted meats are above standard limits. Roast meats with wood showed higher levels of major and trace elements than meats roasted with coal. High exposures, in the long-term, may cause damage to health.

scholarly journals Sources of sodium in the Finnish diet

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Pietinen
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mobile Clinic ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Total Sodium ◽  
Added Salt

The purpose of this report was to study all available information for estimating the sources of naturally occurring sodium and added salt in the Finnish diet. The calculations were based on food consumption statistics, sales figures of salt, salt use in the Finnish food industry and catering, and on the food consumption data provided by the mobile clinic dietary survey of 1973—1976. The average daily per capita intake of added salt is 10—11 g and that of the naturally occurring sodium in foodstuffs is 0.6 g which is equivalent to 1.5g of NaCl, the total intake being 11—12 g. In the adult population the mean daily intake of sodium expressed as NaCl is 12—15 g in men and 10—12 g in women. The average salt concentration in the diet is 4.3 g/1 000 kcal (10.3 g/10 MJ) and that of adults 4.5 g/1 000 kcal (10.6 g/10 MJ). Of the total sodium intake 50 % is derived from the salt used by the food industry and in catering, 38 % from salt added by the consumer at home, and 12 % from the naturally occurring sodium in the foodstuffs. Of the added salt, 57 %is used by the food industry and catering and 43 % by the consumer. Of the different food items, baked products (bread, buns and pastries) arc the most important sources of sodium, constituting 22 % of the total sodium intake. The share of bread alone is 16% and that of sausages and other meat products is 14%. The share of other food items is less than 10 %.

scholarly journals Comparison of the General Dietary Habits and Lifestyle between Before and During COVID-19 among the Saudi Adult's Population in Riyadh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf A. ALkharashi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19, for which there is few evidence-based effective vaccines or treatments available yet, has led to many attempts to find alternative options. Objective: This study aimed to compare the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult population in Riyadh Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, targeting the Riyadh population, from 16 May 2020 to 16 June 2020. The study comprised a structured questionnaire design that inquired demographic information examples include:(age, gender, place of residence, and health status); dietary habits information (daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, number of meals/days, and number of times drinking the tea and coffee); lifestyle habits information (physical activity, sleep quality, time that spend using the internet, social media and electronic devices for fun daily and stresses) using Google form. A total of 1,193 participants have been included in the study aged over 18 years. Results: During the COVID-19 period, a significant increase in the number of meals eaten daily, the number of times of fruits and vegetable intake, the number of sweets, cakes, and biscuits, the number of hours of sleep per day, the time using the internet and social media were observed more than at in the before COVID-19 pandemic period. However, the number of running exercise or physical activity were significantly reduced. Conclusion: In this study, the dietary and lifestyle habits have changed among the Saudis during the COVID-19 period. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken to confirm the results of the study.

scholarly journals FODMAP Intake in Spanish Population: Open Approach for Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5882
Author(s):  
Jonatan Miranda ◽  
Maialen Vázquez-Polo ◽  
Gesala Pérez-Junkera ◽  
María del Pilar Fernández-Gil ◽  
María Ángeles Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols’ (FODMAP) were related with intestinal complications. The present study aimed to determine the FODMAP consumption of Spanish children, adolescents and adults, analyzing the real FODMAP risk of foods, and to set an open methodology for the measurement of this intake in other regions as well as nutrient intake assurance. Total fructan analysis was performed analytically in eighty-seven food samples. Daily intake of FODMAPs, fiber and micronutrients was calculated by combining the food composition for selected fermentable carbohydrates with the national food consumption stratified by age in an open software. Spanish child and adolescent total FODMAP consumption was settled as 33.4 ± 92.4 and 27.3 ± 69.0 g/day, respectively. Both intakes were higher than that of the adult population (21.4 ± 56.7 g/day). The most important food sources of lactose, excess of fructose and total fructan, considering their content and dietary intake were different between age groups. The contribution of these foods to dietary calcium and fiber and the consequent risk of deficiency if they are withdrawn was highlighted. We demonstrated the relevance of stratifying the total FODMAP intake by age. An open approach for FODMAP intake quantification and nutrient control was provided.

scholarly journals Content of Toxic Elements in 12 Groups of Rice Products Available on Polish Market: Human Health Risk Assessment

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Joanna Bielecka ◽  
Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska ◽  
Patryk Nowakowski ◽  
Monika Grabia ◽  
Anna Puścion-Jakubik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Two Samples

Background: Rice is one of the most commonly consumed grains. It could be a good source of nutrients in a diet, but its consumption could also contribute to exposure to toxic elements. All rice products available on the Polish market are imported, which may pose a particular concern as to the safety of their consumption. The aim of our study was to estimate the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in rice products and to assess the health risk indicators related to exposure to toxic elements consumed with rice products among the adult population in Poland. Methods: A total of 99 samples from 12 groups of rice products (basmati, black, brown, parboiled, red, wild, white rice and expanded rice, rice flakes, flour, pasta, and waffles) available in the Polish market were obtained. The content of Hg was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). To measure As, Cd, and Pb, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. The health risk was assessed by calculating several indicators. Results: The average As, Cd, Pb, and Hg contents in all studied products were 123.5 ± 77.1 μg/kg, 25.7 ± 26.5 μg/kg, 37.5 ± 29.3 μg/kg, and 2.8 ± 2.6 μg/kg, respectively. Exceedance of the limit established by the Polish National Food Safety Standard was observed in one sample as regards the As content and exceedance of the European Commission standard in two samples for Hg. The samples of foods imported from European markets (n = 27) had statistically higher As content (p < 0.05) than those imported from Asian countries (n = 53). The values of health risk indicators did not show an increased risk for the Polish adult population. However, the daily intake of 55 g of rice corresponds to the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for Pb. Conclusion: The studied rice products could be regarded as safe for consumption by the Polish population as far as the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg is concerned.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of a Rural Adult Population in Dry Zone, Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama ◽  
K. M. Swarna Wimalasiri ◽  
Yu Koyama ◽  
Mieko Uchiyama ◽  
Utako Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score

The objective of this work was to describe average dietary intake, physical activity (PA) and nutritional status of the adult population of Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional survey, including one 24-h dietary recall, international physical activity questionnaire and anthropometric measurements was conducted in a representative sample of 120 adults. Mean (SD) for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were 23.06(4.20) kg/m2, 85.6(9.5) cm, 0.95(0.05) and 0.55(0.07), respectively. Significant differences were observed in height, body fat %, body muscle %, hip circumference, WHR, WHtR, fat mass index and hand grip strength between men and women (p < 0.05). Among the study group, 35.8% were overweight, 13.3% were obese and 11.7% were underweight. Central obesity was observed in 59.2%, 97.5% and 74.2% of adults by WC, WHR and WHtR, respectively. Mean (SD) dietary diversity score and dietary diversity score with portions were 4.77(1.28) and 4.09(1.32), respectively. Mean daily intake of protein, fruits, vegetables and dairy were well below the national recommendations. Despite the higher PA level, nearly half the population was overweight and obese and the majority was centrally obese. None of the dietary diversity scores met the optimal levels, suggesting poor quality and quantity of the diet.

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