scholarly journals Correcting Bias in Crowdsourced Data to Map Bicycle Ridership of All Bicyclists

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avipsa Roy ◽  
Trisalyn A. Nelson ◽  
A. Stewart Fotheringham ◽  
Meghan Winters
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Maricopa County ◽  
Covariate Data ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Traditional methods of counting bicyclists are resource-intensive and generate data with sparse spatial and temporal detail. Previous research suggests big data from crowdsourced fitness apps offer a new source of bicycling data with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, crowdsourced bicycling data are biased as they oversample recreational riders. Our goals are to quantify geographical variables, which can help in correcting bias in crowdsourced, data and to develop a generalized method to correct bias in big crowdsourced data on bicycle ridership in different settings in order to generate maps for cities representative of all bicyclists at a street-level spatial resolution. We used street-level ridership data for 2016 from a crowdsourced fitness app (Strava), geographical covariate data, and official counts from 44 locations across Maricopa County, Arizona, USA (training data); and 60 locations from the city of Tempe, within Maricopa (test data). First, we quantified the relationship between Strava and official ridership data volumes. Second, we used a multi-step approach with variable selection using LASSO followed by Poisson regression to integrate geographical covariates, Strava, and training data to correct bias. Finally, we predicted bias-corrected average annual daily bicyclist counts for Tempe and evaluated the model’s accuracy using the test data. We found a correlation between the annual ridership data from Strava and official counts (R2 = 0.76) in Maricopa County for 2016. The significant variables for correcting bias were: The proportion of white population, median household income, traffic speed, distance to residential areas, and distance to green spaces. The model could correct bias in crowdsourced data from Strava in Tempe with 86% of road segments being predicted within a margin of ±100 average annual bicyclists. Our results indicate that it is possible to map ridership for cities at the street-level by correcting bias in crowdsourced bicycle ridership data, with access to adequate data from official count programs and geographical covariates at a comparable spatial and temporal resolution.

scholarly journals Car Ownership of Households in Sub-Urban Area in Makassar City

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Mubassirang Pasra ◽  
Muhammad Isran Ramli ◽  
Dimas Endrayana Dharmowijoyo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Mode Choice Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Model Approach

The present study aims to grasp the car ownership characteristics of households in the sub-urban area in Makassar City, Indonesia. The study considers some exogenous characteristics of the households, such house types, family size, income, motorcycle ownership, trip number, and worker number. To construct the relationship between those characteristics and the car ownership, we applied the multinomial logit model approach. This study surveyed seven residential areas in the sub-urban area of the city. The survey conducted an interviewing method using a questionnaire sheet. The survey respondents as representative of the households, which selected randomly from the residential areas. The results show that the goodness of fit of the car ownership model is acceptable enough. Further, all of the exogenous variables significantly influence the households in car ownership. We expected that the results provide a basis for further studies such time valuation of car riders, mode choice model of the households, etc.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KERAPATAN PENDUDUK DENGAN KEANEKARAGAMAN TANAMAN BUAH PEKARANGAN DI KECAMATAN GODEAN, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA (Relationship between Population Density and Diversity of Yard Fruit Plants in Godean Sub-District, Sleman District, Yogyakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Fransisca Kiki Fajarwati ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto ◽  
Hartono Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Adaptation ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Productive Landscapes ◽  
Research Period

AbstrakTanaman buah sangat besar manfaatnya bagi manusia dan lingkungan hidup antara lain berperan untuk menjaga kawasan hijau di kawasan hunian, namun keberadaannya di pekarangan saat ini teracam karena meningkatnya alih fungsi lahan dari pekarangan menjadi lahan terbangun untuk tempat tinggal seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis persebaran kerapatan penduduk, keanekaragaman tanaman buah, hubungan kerapatan penduduk dengan keanekaragaman tanaman buah, adaptasi masyarakat dalam melestarikan tanaman buah dan pekarangan dan menyusun usulan pelestarian tanaman buah dan pekarangan di Kecamatan Godean, Kabupaten Sleman. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi dan memanfaatkan data sekunder dengan periode waktu penelitian selama sepuluh bulan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kerapatan penduduk di Kecamatan Godean semakin ke bagian timur (mendekati Kota Yogyakarta) memiliki angka semakin tinggi. Semakin rapat penduduk maka semakin rendah indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan, semakin tinggi indeks dominansi, semakin sedikit jumlah jenis tanaman buah yang ditemukan, dan semakin sedikit kawasan hijau di kawasan hunian. Lokasi dengan kerapatan penduduk semakin tinggi terjadi adaptasi pelestarian tanaman buah dan pekarangan yang mendukung konsep lanskap produktif. Usulan pelestarian tanaman buah dan pekarangan disusun dengan mempertahankan usaha pemerintah dan warga yang dirasa efektif, memperbaiki atau menghilangkan yang kurang efektif dan menyusun usulan baru dengan harapan agar tetap dapat menjaga lingkungan hidup dengan menjaga kawasan hijau di kawasan hunian berdasarkan permasalahan yang ditemukan di lapangan.AbstractFruit plants are very beneficial for human and environment, including their role is protecting green areas in residential areas, but their presence in the yard today is threatened because the increasing conversion of land functions from yard to building for shelter along with the increase in the number of people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of population density, the relationship between population density and diversity of fruit plants, community adaptation to conserve fruit plants and yard, and to give the recommendation for fruit plants and yard conservation in Godean Sub-District, Sleman District. The methods used are observation and utilizing secondary data with a research period of ten months. The study found that the population density in eastern part of Godean District (approaching the City of Yogyakarta) had higher numbers. The higher population density is, the lower diversity and evenness index, the higher the dominance index, the fewer the number of fruit plants found, and the less green areas in residential areas. Locations with higher population densities are adapted to conserve the fruit plants and yard. These findings support the concept of productive landscapes. Recommendation for fruit plants and yard conservation was compiled by maintaining goverment and citizen efforts that are felt to be effective, repairing or eliminating ones that are less effective and making new recommendation with the hope that it can protect the environment by protecting green areas in residential areas based on problems found in the field.

Residential satisfaction in formal and informal neighborhoods: the case of Istanbul, Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Türkoğlu ◽  
Fatih Terzi ◽  
Tayfun Salihoğlu ◽  
Fulin Bölen ◽  
Gökçer Okumuş
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Residential Satisfaction ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Residential Environments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

PurposeResidential satisfaction can be viewed as a part of life satisfaction. There are many studies related to the relationship between residents’ satisfaction with their environments and the quality of those environments. The purpose of this paper is to examine how this satisfaction differs according to the type of residential environment.Design/methodology/approachIt is based on empirical data on the quality of life in the different residential environments of the Istanbul Metropolitan Area. The primary source of information was a household survey.FindingsIn an attempt to find solutions to problems with the quality of residential environments, the data were analyzed through several variables related to the subjective perceptions of residential satisfaction. According to the results of the research, residents living in planned neighborhoods in the city are more satisfied than those living in unplanned neighborhoods. The residents who live in the planned sections of the city are satisfied with the attractiveness and accessibility of their neighborhoods, while those who live in unplanned sections of the city are satisfied with their level of attachment to their neighborhoods.Practical implicationsThe study was designed to produce baseline data so that future changes in residential conditions as perceived by the residents of Istanbul could be monitored to support decisions for residential areas.Originality/valueComparative case studies, especially on planned vs unplanned environments, are relatively limited in number. Therefore, there is a need for new researches examining differences between different residential settings within cities. This study adds value to the field of comparative studies on residential environments.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Polarization of Event Centres’ Locational Pattern and Tourism Development in an Emerging City: Evidence from Ado Ekiti

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
O. O. Ojo ◽  
A. A. Shittu ◽  
S. A. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Locational Pattern ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The study examined the relationship between event centres’ locational pattern and tourism development in Ado Ekiti. This is a survey research which involved the use of questionnaire. The data was analysed descriptively and inferentially. Findings from the study revealed that: only few event centres are built in the outskirt of the town. It also showed that event centres are built spacious like hall and are built where it is easily accessible within the residential areas in Ado Ekiti. The study further revealed that tourist finds it more comfortable locating event centres that are well situated. The study also showed that location of event centres have impacts on tourism development in the study area as location play a major role in beautification of the city, comfortability and source of attraction for tourist. The study concluded that increase in event centres has also increased tourism activities in Ado Ekiti. The study recommended that it is necessary to find suitable strategies to source fund for the development of event centres by private and public sectors which will help to facilitate tourism development in the study area. It is also important to note that domestication of the modern methods of building event centre is needed in order to have an attractive event centre which will also enhance the development of tourism in Ado Ekiti among others.

scholarly journals GREENING OF LVIV: A REVIEW THROUGH HISTORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Makiichuk L ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article highlights and analyzes the main periods of development of urban green areas of Lviv from the founding of the princely city to the present day. Methods of historical analysis and analysis of the scientific literature were used in the study to find the relationship between historical conditions and periods of development of green areas. Statistical analysis was also used to study statistics on green space, city area and population. Several main periods were identified during the study. The first period - the twelfth century. until 1777 – a period of rapid development of the "city in the walls" and changes in the surrounding lands. The first attempts at organized landscaping in the courtyards of monasteries and nearby cemeteries took place at this time. In the following period from 1777. by 1948, the decision to dismantle the walls and create the first planned landscaping of the city was made. Also, large parks near the estates of noble families were built. Since 1948 after 1917 the ecological situation in the city has deteriorated due to the active development of technology and industry, and the construction of residential areas with gardens has revived. Holding a National Exhibition in the 90s of the XIX century. was the impetus for the creation of new green areas. In the period of 1918 until 1939 the pace of landscaping of the city decreased, landscaping was organized mainly in the central part. At this time, Drexler's idea of expanding Lviv was realized, and the idea of forming a structure of landscaping in the form of three concentric circles is still relevant. From 1939 to 1980, the city's landscaping was actively and gradually developed, new parks were created, and suburban green areas for recreation were developed. The most modern stage – from gaining Independence to the present day – is the period when green areas need planned improvement and protection. The study confirmed the view that green areas are closely linked to historical events, such as wars or the active development of certain areas of the economy. Also, only quantitative indicators of green areas do not fully inform about the filling of the city with green spaces at different times, so it is necessary to take into account the qualitative characteristics.

Wenn stadtpolitische Bewegungen das Terrain des Staats betreten

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Diesselhorst
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
City Government ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Hierarchical Decision Making ◽  
Urban Social Movements ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article discusses the struggles of urban social movements for a de-neoliberalisation of housing policies in Poulantzian terms as a “condensation of the relationship of forces”. Drawing on an empirical analysis of the “Berliner Mietenvolksentscheid” (Berlin rent referendum), which was partially successful in forcing the city government of Berlin to adopt a more progressive housing policy, the article argues that urban social movements have the capacity to challenge neoliberal housing regimes. However, the specific materiality of the state apparatus and its strategic selectivity both limit the scope of intervention for social movements aiming at empowerment and non-hierarchical decision-making.

Perencanaan Sistem Pengurangan Sampah Permukiman Bantaran Sungai Cidurian Kota Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raka Maulana ◽  
Yulianti Pratama ◽  
Lina Apriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
The City

<p>Some areas in the city of Bandung is an area that dilitasi by the flow of the river, to prevent the introduction of garbage into the river basin is necessary to note the waste management systems in residential areas along the river. Cidurian river has a length of 24.86 Km along the river flow. Consists of the city of Bandung and Bandung regency. Administrative regions Cidurian River past eight (8) districts, from the region in the District Kiaracondong precisely Village Babakan Babakan Sari and Surabaya populous and the most densely populated. Thus, there should be community-based waste management in the form of a reduction in resources to prevent potential entry of waste into the river basin. Planning waste reduction will be divided into two, namely the reduction of inorganic waste with waste bank then the reduction of organic waste with absorption holes biopori, and bio reactor mini determination of the reduction is determined by the results of the analysis of the sampling covers the composition and garbage, then the result of the measurement characteristics test and analysis results questionnaire.</p>

Challenging the Terms of Order: Representations of the Detroit Rebellions, 1967–1968

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Camp
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Us History ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
John Clarke

While many analysts have commented on the representation of 1968 campus events and antiwar demonstrations, less attention has been paid to the global significance of the dramatic struggles in industrial Detroit during the period. The meanings of events in the city were intensely fought over. As Stuart Hall, Chas Critcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Brian Roberts observed, the events of 1968 were “an act of collective will, the breaks and ruptures stemming from the rapid expansion in the ideology, culture and civil structures of the new capitalism . . . in the form of a ‘crisis of authority.’” In Detroit the crisis of authority was expressed in the form of popular political struggles against racism, state violence, and the contradictions of life in the industrial capitalist city. This article asks and answers the following research questions about the struggle over the meaning of this decisive turning point in US history: What was the relationship between racial ordering, uneven capitalist development, and mass antiracist and class struggles? How did Black working-class organic intellectuals resist and alter hegemonic definitions of the situation? How are the dialectics of insurgency and counterinsurgency to be best theorized during this precise historical conjuncture? 

Spatial Hotspot Analysis of Bucharest’s Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Modis Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Grigoraș ◽  
Bogdan Urițescu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of the study is to find the relationship between the land surface temperature and air temperature and to determine the hot spots in the urban area of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The analysis was based on images from both moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), located on both Terra and Aqua platforms, as well as on data recorded by the four automatic weather stations existing in the endowment of The National Air Quality Monitoring Network, from the summer of 2017. Correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and air temperature were higher at night (0.8-0.87) and slightly lower during the day (0.71-0.77). After the validation of satellite data with in-situ temperature measurements, the hot spots in the metropolitan area of Bucharest were identified using Getis-Ord spatial statistics analysis. It has been achieved that the “very hot” areas are grouped in the center of the city and along the main traffic streets and dense residential areas. During the day the "very hot spots” represent 33.2% of the city's surface, and during the night 31.6%. The area where the mentioned spots persist, falls into the "very hot spot" category both day and night, it represents 27.1% of the city’s surface and it is mainly represented by the city center.

Determinants Considered by Consumers for Brand Selection - with Reference to Laptops in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Plloçi ◽  
Macit Koc
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Core Features

Abstract Purpose of the article There is relatively a big number of brands in the market of laptops nowadays in Albania. It appears that the number of brands offered in this market could easily be compared to the number of brands in Europe and even broader. The purpose of this study is to help Albanian vendors understand the criteria that consumers take into consideration when they make the decision to purchase a laptop. Methodology/methods The research is based on the collection and the analyses of the primary data collected through interviews to people like managers or employees who work in the sector of trading laptops or in businesses like education where laptops are broadly used recently; then a survey is done through a questionnaire delivered to customers who already own and use a laptop and customers who are potential buyers of laptops. Scientific aim The aim of the research is to identify if there are any relationships between the demographics of the consumers and the criteria of buying a laptop; on the other hand, to find out how is the relationship between the demographics and the features of different brands. Findings The study found out that Albanian consumers have good knowledge of laptops and their brands, and they use different sources of information for making their decisions in buying a laptop; it is found that there are relationships between some demographics like age or gender and the appraisal for some attributes of the laptops like price, design and high graphics card; it is also found that some technical features and other attributes of using laptops are some of the determinants that influence the laptops’ purchases. Conclusions It is realized that one of the most important demographics of the consumers is their age. Some core features like RAM, ROM, battery life, processor quality, light weight or attributes that are connected to the purposes of using the laptop computers like practicality and mobility in using them, work and studying processes, quick access to the internet are determinant factors which influence the decision making process of purchasing a laptop. I would recommend that future researches be focused also on the relationship between the customers’ income and their preferred brand or ranking brands according to the customers’ preferences. Such studies should also extend outside the city of Tirana.

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